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分散システムのリテラシー / Distributed Systems Literacy
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Kenji Saito
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February 24, 2017
Technology
3
770
分散システムのリテラシー / Distributed Systems Literacy
ブロックチェーンハブ主催で開催している連続講義 (通算第3期) ブロックチェーン基盤技術 第4回「分散システムのリテラシー」のスライドです。2017年2月24日(金) に使用しました。
Kenji Saito
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February 24, 2017
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Transcript
4 SFC / CSO ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp — 4 — 2017-02-24 –
p.1/34
FLP CAP CUP ( ) P2P — 4 — 2017-02-24
– p.2/34
1. 2. 3. P2P 4. — 4 — 2017-02-24 –
p.3/34
1. FLP CAP — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.4/34
A, B A-B m A B A B A B
. . . — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.5/34
1. X 2. X C 3. C 1. 2. 3.
reliable multicast — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.6/34
: — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.7/34
(safety) (liveness) ( ) ( = ) — 4 —
2017-02-24 – p.8/34
→ / (benign) → (Byzantine) (malicious) — 4 — 2017-02-24
– p.9/34
FLP Fischer, Lynch, Paterson — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.10/34
CAP Consistency ( ) Availability ( ) Partition tolerance (
) ⇒ 3 C Eventual consistency ( ) . . . — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.11/34
Consistency ( ) Strong consistency ( ) (safety) Eventual consistency
( ) (liveness) ↑ Weak consistency ( ) ↑ ( ) — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.12/34
n = f ( ) — 4 — 2017-02-24 –
p.13/34
(1) 1 1, 2 n ≤ 3f — 4 —
2017-02-24 – p.14/34
(2) — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.15/34
CS1 : CS2 : CS3 : CL1 : CL2 :
: : (e.g. ) — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.16/34
Paxos (1) : (The Part-Time Parliament) Paxos ( ) ↔
↔ ↔ ⇒ — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.17/34
Paxos (2) (proposers), (acceptors), (learners) 1. 2. Paxos ( )
— 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.18/34
Paxos Paxos 2f + 1 Paxos f “byzantizing” Byzantine Paxos
PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerance) PBFT — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.19/34
2. CUP (Consensus with Unknown Participants) - — 4 —
2017-02-24 – p.20/34
(B)FT-CUP (Consensus with Unknown Participants) ( / ) : FT
(Fault-Tolerant) : BFT (Byzantine Fault-Tolerant) P2P n FT/BFT — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.21/34
- n ( ) p.6 — 4 — 2017-02-24 –
p.22/34
3. P2P P2P - - — 4 — 2017-02-24 –
p.23/34
P2P : P2P 3 3 ( ) strategyproof group strategyproof
— 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.24/34
(Sybil) 16 — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.25/34
again n > 3f R F R > 2F ⇒
— 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.26/34
( ) f = 1 ⇒ R — 4 —
2017-02-24 – p.27/34
4. — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.28/34
3 1. ( ) ⇒ 2. ( ) ⇒ 3.
( ) TX · ⇒ — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.29/34
10 ATM 1 ATM 1 : http://www.slideshare.net/yamaz2/ss-58813038 ⇒ KVS —
4 — 2017-02-24 – p.30/34
— 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.31/34
vs. — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.32/34
(centralized) (decentralized) (distributed) Paul Baran, “On Distributed Communications Networks”, 1964
(C) (A) — 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.33/34
— 4 — 2017-02-24 – p.34/34