The Internet Under Siege and the Rise of Cyber Insurgency

Resistance Ecology Conference 2013

Transcript

1. What the fuck is the internet? Monday, June 3, 13
2. What the fuck is the internet? It’s a series of tubes, right? Monday, June 3, 13
3. What the fuck is the internet? It’s a series of tubes, right? Or is it magic? Monday, June 3, 13
4. What the fuck is the internet? Monday, June 3, 13
5. What the fuck is the internet? • It’s a global network of networks. • It’s a bunch of protocols • It’s NOT the world wide web. Monday, June 3, 13
6. What the fuck is the Internet? Monday, June 3, 13
7. What the fuck is the Internet? • WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents (web pages) accessed via the Internet Monday, June 3, 13
8. What the fuck is the Internet? • WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents (web pages) accessed via the Internet • TCP/IP is the primary networking protocol used by the Internet Monday, June 3, 13
9. What the fuck is the Internet? • WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents (web pages) accessed via the Internet • TCP/IP is the primary networking protocol used by the Internet • Higher level protocols sit on top of the Internet (HTTP, IRC) Monday, June 3, 13
10. What the fuck is the Internet? • WWW is a system of hyperlinked documents (web pages) accessed via the Internet • TCP/IP is the primary networking protocol used by the Internet • Higher level protocols sit on top of the Internet (HTTP, IRC) • Darknets (tor, i2p, freenet) are Internets hidden inside the “Internet” Monday, June 3, 13
11. 1969 • Research and development starts on ARPANET. • Design goal was sustained communication capabilities despite loss of link reliability. Monday, June 3, 13
12. 1969 • October: First four nodes of what would become the Internet are brought online at UCLA, UCSB, Stanford, and the University of Utah Monday, June 3, 13
13. 1971 Phreaking takes center- stage: The existence of Blue Boxes first published in Esquire Monday, June 3, 13
14. 1981 Chaos Computer Club forms in Germany, Europe’s largest Hacker association Monday, June 3, 13
15. 1982 March: The US Department of Defense declared TCP/IP as the standard for all military computer networking. Monday, June 3, 13
16. 1982 • DNS Invented to replace manual distribution of HOSTS.TXT files • SMTP, the protocol powering Email, is invented. Monday, June 3, 13
17. 1983 • TCP/IP replaces NCP as the protocol of ARPANET, focused on resource sharing • MILNET Splits off of ARPANET, giving the US Military its own network Monday, June 3, 13
18. 1984 • 2600 starts publication • Computer Fraud and Abuse Act passes, replacing the forgery law previously used to prosecute hackers and phreakers • The first Chaos Communication Congress held in Germany Monday, June 3, 13
19. 1985 Monday, June 3, 13
20. 1985 • Microsoft released Microsoft Windows, a graphical extension for MS-DOS, on November 20 • First .com domain name is registered (symbolics.com) Monday, June 3, 13
21. 1986 Monday, June 3, 13
22. 1986 January - The Conscience of a Hacker first published (aka “The Hacker’s Manifesto”) Monday, June 3, 13
23. 1986 The Hacker’s Manifesto ... This is our world now... the world of the electron and the switch, the beauty of the baud. We make use of a service already existing without paying for what could be dirt- cheap if it wasn't run by profiteering gluttons, and you call us criminals. ... Monday, June 3, 13
24. 1988 IANA establishes to regulate IP network numbering space Monday, June 3, 13
25. 1989 • Tim Berners-Lee brings the first WWW server online at CERN • First Commercial ISP founded (PSINet) The handwritten label declares, "This machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!" Monday, June 3, 13
26. 1990 Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), one of the most prolific digital rights defense groups, is founded by John Gilmore, John Perry Barlow and Mitch Kapor Monday, June 3, 13
27. 1991 PGP is released by Phil Zimmermann, making military-grade cryptography freely available to all. Monday, June 3, 13
28. 1992 • The first image is uploaded to the World Wide Web, a photo of an all-female band founded by employees of CERN, Les Horribles Cernettes • The movie Sneakers is released. Monday, June 3, 13
29. 1993 • First DEFCON conference is held, an annual congregation of hackers from around the world in Nevada. Monday, June 3, 13
30. 1993 • Phil Zimmermann becomes the formal target of a criminal investigation by the US Government for “munitions export without a license.” Monday, June 3, 13
31. 1993 Cryptosystems using keys larger than 40 bits were then considered munitions within the definition of the US export regulations; PGP has never used keys smaller than 128 bits so it qualified at that time. Penalties for violation, if found guilty, were substantial. After several years, the investigation of Zimmermann was closed without filing criminal charges against him or anyone else. Monday, June 3, 13
32. 1995 • Kevin Mitnick is arrested on February 15th • The movie Hackers is released • Commercial traffic first allowed on the Internet Monday, June 3, 13
33. 1998 • L0pht Heavy Industries testifies in congress about computer security weaknesses within the US government • DMCA goes into effect Monday, June 3, 13
34. 1999 Napster comes online, a service allowing users to freely share music resources Monday, June 3, 13
35. 2000 • Napster is sued by A&M Records and others through the RIAA • Freenet, a censorship- resistant communications platform, is first released • Dot-com bubble bursts • AOL and Time Warner merge (largest-ever merger). Monday, June 3, 13
36. 2001 • BitTorrent first released • Wikipedia comes online Monday, June 3, 13
37. 2002 • Tor is released, first sponsored by the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Monday, June 3, 13
38. 2003 • Anonymous, a decentralized, leaderless hacktivism group originated on 4chan • NSA warrantless wiretapping starts Monday, June 3, 13
39. 2005 • OpenDNS founded • Ciscogate release by Michael Lynn; FBI swarmed Black Hat and removed notes from attendees’ notebooks Monday, June 3, 13
40. 2006 • Room 641A at AT&T in San Francisco exposed as housing NSA wiretapping equipment • Google starts censoring search results in China • Wikileaks first comes online Monday, June 3, 13
41. 2008 • First prototype of I2P launched • March Hare Communications Collective provides communications infrastructure for Republican National Convention protest in 2008 in Saint Pail Monday, June 3, 13
42. 2008 • Project Chanology • First Amazon EC2 servers come online Monday, June 3, 13
43. 2009 • Bitcoin, a decentralized crypto-currency, is first released. • Anonymous provides cryptographic communications infrastructure to protesters during the Iranian elections Monday, June 3, 13
44. 2010 Aaron Barr, CEO of HBGary Federal, alleged that he could exploit social media to gather information about hackers. Monday, June 3, 13
45. 2010 Stuxnet Virus discovered; widely believed to be a US/Israeli digital munition created to disable Iranian Uranium Enrichment facilities Monday, June 3, 13
46. 2010 Stuxnet is extremely complex and would have required millions of dollars to create. It reeks of government sponsorship (if not direct involvement). Monday, June 3, 13
47. 2010 • Wikileaks releases Iraqi War Logs • First domains registered using non-English characters Monday, June 3, 13
48. 2011 Monday, June 3, 13
49. 2011 Monday, June 3, 13
50. 2011 OMFG . Monday, June 3, 13
51. 2011 • Arab spring: Revolutions in Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya, aided by Anonymous • Egypt disabling the internet Monday, June 3, 13
52. 2011 Monday, June 3, 13
53. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released Monday, June 3, 13
54. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released • Aaron Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous Monday, June 3, 13
55. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released • Aaron Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous • This made Anonymous mad. Monday, June 3, 13
56. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released • Aaron Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous • This made Anonymous mad. • So there was a reign of terror against HBGary Monday, June 3, 13
57. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released • Aaron Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous • This made Anonymous mad. • So there was a reign of terror against HBGary • Jan 28- Feb 2, Egyptian internet blackout. Telecomix, a communications collective, provides telecom resources for Egyptians. Monday, June 3, 13
58. 2011 • Silk Road, a Tor darknet site selling drugs and weapons for bitcoin, is first released • Aaron Barr claimed to have used his techniques to infiltrate Anonymous • This made Anonymous mad. • So there was a reign of terror against HBGary • Jan 28- Feb 2, Egyptian internet blackout. Telecomix, a communications collective, provides telecom resources for Egyptians. • February 3rd: IPv4 address space is exhausted Monday, June 3, 13
59. 2011 LulzSec forms. Monday, June 3, 13
60. 2011 NYAN CAT. Monday, June 3, 13
61. 2011 50 days of lulz Monday, June 3, 13
62. 2011 October 26: SOPA Monday, June 3, 13
63. 2011 October 26: SOPA • Privacy concerns Monday, June 3, 13
64. 2011 October 26: SOPA • Privacy concerns • Unfair seizure Monday, June 3, 13
65. 2011 October 26: SOPA • Privacy concerns • Unfair seizure • Deep packet inspection Monday, June 3, 13
66. 2011 October 26: SOPA • Privacy concerns • Unfair seizure • Deep packet inspection • Surveillance Monday, June 3, 13
67. 2011 October 26: SOPA • Privacy concerns • Unfair seizure • Deep packet inspection • Surveillance • DNS providers to move to other countries Monday, June 3, 13
68. 2011 November 30: CISPA Monday, June 3, 13
69. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother Monday, June 3, 13
70. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother • Could allow filtering and blocking of Internet traffic Monday, June 3, 13
71. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother • Could allow filtering and blocking of Internet traffic • Allows companies and goverment to share EVERYTHING Monday, June 3, 13
72. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother • Could allow filtering and blocking of Internet traffic • Allows companies and goverment to share EVERYTHING • You never know what’s being handed around Monday, June 3, 13
73. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother • Could allow filtering and blocking of Internet traffic • Allows companies and goverment to share EVERYTHING • You never know what’s being handed around • Allows bypass of current laws protecting your privacy Monday, June 3, 13
74. 2011 November 30: CISPA • Pretty much Big Brother • Could allow filtering and blocking of Internet traffic • Allows companies and goverment to share EVERYTHING • You never know what’s being handed around • Allows bypass of current laws protecting your privacy • Could allow “hack back” Monday, June 3, 13
75. 2011 Aaron Swartz was arrested by MIT police Monday, June 3, 13
76. 2011 Wikileaks releases diplomatic cables allegedly released by Bradley Manning Monday, June 3, 13
77. 2012 • Four alleged LulzSec members are arrested • March Hare Communications Collective provides communications infrastructure for NATO protest in Chicago and Republican National Convention protest in Tampa Monday, June 3, 13
78. 2013 Aaron Swartz commits suicide Monday, June 3, 13
79. 2013 After his death, federal prosecutors dismissed the charges... Monday, June 3, 13
80. 2013 • China and other countries’ continued censorship of the internet. • NSA Wiretapping Center in Bluffdale, Utah, comes online to “collect electronic information—from emails to cellphone records to purchasing receipts—from all over the world—, store it and look for threatening patterns” (source: Wired Magazine). • Bradley Manning’s trial is scheduled for June 3rd. • TODAY: Google lost their appeal in US district court, now must hand over all requested data to FBI. Monday, June 3, 13
81. Thanks Question and Answer kyle@kyleterry.com dann@stayskal.com Monday, June 3, 13