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Civilization Arranged in Chronological Strata

Marc Alexander
July 09, 2014
41

Civilization Arranged in Chronological Strata

Presented at Digital Humanities 2014

Marc Alexander

July 09, 2014
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  1. “Civilization arranged in chronological strata”: A digital approach to the


    English semantic space Marc Alexander and Wendy Anderson
 University of Glasgow
 @marcgalexander @wendyanderson8 Digital Humanities 2014, 10 July 2014
  2. 03.01 Society/the community 03.01.01 Kinship/relationship 03.01.02 Study of society 03.01.03

    Society in relation to customs/values/beliefs 03.01.04 Social communication/relations 03.07.00.13 Conformity 03.07.00.14 Non-conformity 03.07.00.15 Apostasy 03.07.00.16 Sectarianism 03.07.00.17 Catholicity The Histori of the OED —the large in the world historical th created in a Based on th English Dic contains ev English from to the prese RUS nary ociety/the community  6A40C6A40C6A0=350C74A  74A     a 1693                 02.05      great- 05R34A       oe       g     6A40C6A40C 03      grandmother           4;3<>C74A  =30<4     a 1225–      g     6A0=3<>C74A  09 ( Scots & N. English )       g     14;30<4  4     1663–      g     6A0=3<0<<0  0=     1863–      g     6A0=3<0  olloq. )                  03.01      condition of           03.02      step-grandmother           03.03      great-grandmother           6A0=3<>C74A     1530–      g     6A40C     1340–      g     F7>;41A>C74A     1377–                 02.01      collectively            A87C641A>SAD       oe                  03      half-brother           70;51A>C74A      c 1330–                 03.01      by same father           5R34A4=1A>S>A       oe       g      1A>C74A2>=B0=6D8=40=     1880                 03.02      by same mother            F><11A>C74A     1647– a 1661                 04      bastard brother            7>A=D=61A>S>A       oe                  05      stepbrother           BC4?1A>C74A      1440–      g     BC4?     1933 ( colloq. )                  06      twin-brother           CF8=1A>C74A      1598–                 07      younger brother           2034C     1610–      g     1A>C74A:8=      1827–1856      g     :831A>C74A     1895– ( orig. US )                  08      foster-brother            5>BC4A1A>C74A   5>BC>A1A>S>A       oe –      g     BD2:8=654A4     1382      g      =>DA8B7431A>C74A     1470/85      g     =DAB454;;>F     1526      g     5>BC4A4A     03 03 Society
  3. “...even the intensively habitual user [of the OED] could not

    hope to construct, from an overwhelming multiplicity of individual items, the complete picture, ‘the various forms of [...] civilization arranged in chronological strata’...” (Brewer 2007: 232) 03.01 Society/the community 03.01.01 Kinship/relationship 03.01.02 Study of society 03.01.03 Society in relation to customs/values/beliefs 03.01.04 Social communication/relations 03.07.00.13 Conformity 03.07.00.14 Non-conformity 03.07.00.15 Apostasy 03.07.00.16 Sectarianism 03.07.00.17 Catholicity The Histori of the OED —the large in the world historical th created in a Based on th English Dic contains ev English from to the prese RUS nary ociety/the community  6A40C6A40C6A0=350C74A  74A     a 1693                 02.05      great- 05R34A       oe       g     6A40C6A40C 03      grandmother           4;3<>C74A  =30<4     a 1225–      g     6A0=3<>C74A  09 ( Scots & N. English )       g     14;30<4  4     1663–      g     6A0=3<0<<0  0=     1863–      g     6A0=3<0  olloq. )                  03.01      condition of           03.02      step-grandmother           03.03      great-grandmother           6A0=3<>C74A     1530–      g     6A40C     1340–      g     F7>;41A>C74A     1377–                 02.01      collectively            A87C641A>SAD       oe                  03      half-brother           70;51A>C74A      c 1330–                 03.01      by same father           5R34A4=1A>S>A       oe       g      1A>C74A2>=B0=6D8=40=     1880                 03.02      by same mother            F><11A>C74A     1647– a 1661                 04      bastard brother            7>A=D=61A>S>A       oe                  05      stepbrother           BC4?1A>C74A      1440–      g     BC4?     1933 ( colloq. )                  06      twin-brother           CF8=1A>C74A      1598–                 07      younger brother           2034C     1610–      g     1A>C74A:8=      1827–1856      g     :831A>C74A     1895– ( orig. US )                  08      foster-brother            5>BC4A1A>C74A   5>BC>A1A>S>A       oe –      g     BD2:8=654A4     1382      g      =>DA8B7431A>C74A     1470/85      g     =DAB454;;>F     1526      g     5>BC4A4A     03 03 Society
  4. !"# $%&#'()* | !"#!$% &'()*')+ !"#!$#!.#!/ !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2)*+3)4')<,3*)'4 !,

    2%X%C)< lexemic !%$)' !"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!&%!)! % =-&1 clipung .12. · dæl .12. · word< word .12.' · vocable !$#*'!+#(/.!"(+' · diction !$)&'!+%" · whid !$+"'!(+!...,+,<(*',,,.. · vowel !$"('!+)( · accent !$%$' · phrase !$%"'!+%% · quatch .".!+#$/.!"(#'...,+,1)(2I,,,.. · mot .!.!+)$ · verb .".!"!+ · verbalism !"("' · monolog !%&%'!%)" · dicky-bird !%#&'...,+,42(*+,,,.. · dicky !%)#...,+,42(*+,,,.. · word-type !%+!' · lexical item !%+)' · lexon !%+)' !, 9&)''%* word< word .12.' !" 4$-D%* ideophone !((!'!%*% !- $&-$%&#($$&-$&)('%, 9-&1 the word !$%+' !. +6-4',9-&1 ghost word !((+' · ghost name !(%+ · ghost form !%## !/ 9-&1,9)'6,-*2?, -*%,&%<-&1%1,-<<3&&%*<% hapax legomenon !((&' · hapax !%+& !0 9-&1,%X$&%44)*+,$6&(4%#4%*'%*<% sentence- word !()(' · holophrasm !(+&'!%** · holophrase !(%%' · phrase-word !%##' · monorheme !%#"' !0#!, 34%,-" holophrasis !(+% !1 *-*4%*4%,9-&1 nonsense-name !()& · nonsense word !%!%' !$ -'6%&,4$%<)! ,<,'?$%4, -",9-&1 cyneword .12. · froforword .12. · grandame words !$%( · household word !$%%' · wordy/wordie !"!('...,+,;<-'4,,,.. · my whole .!.!"(%' · foundling !(&"0#( · Mesopotamia !(&"' · book-word !($! · thought-word .".!(++' · pillow-word !(""' · nonce-word !(() · word- symbol !%*)' · blessed word !%!*' · object word !%!)' · bogy-word !%!% · key-word !%&+' · fossil !%#!' · nursery word !%##' · four-letter word !%#)' · pseudo-word !%$!' · plus word !%$%' · non-word !%+!' !2 %U3)G(2%*', -",(,9-&1,)*,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% synonym !$%)/.!(*) ,! 9-&14,<-22%<')G%2?#G-<(B32(&? wordhord .12. · wordloca .12. · vocabulary !"(&' · wordage !(&%' · word- hoard !(+%' · wordlore !%*) · word-stock !%!!' · lexicon !%##' · lexis !%+*' · vocab !%"!' ,!#!, -",(,4$6%&%,-", (<')G)'? lexicon !+)"'!(#% ,!#!" -",(,U3(2)'?#"%%2)*+ vocabulary !""*' ,!#!- -",(,&%+)-*#4$%(D%& lexicon !%$)' ,!#!. C)*)C3C minimum vocabulary !%))'!%)" ,!#!/ 7(4)<,>*+2)46 Basic English !%&%' ,, 4)C)2(&# <-*"34(B2%,9-&14 homoeoteleft !+$& · word-pair !%#+' · confusables/confusibles !%"%' ,,#!, 4)C)2(&)'?, <(34)*+,C)4'(D%4,)*,<-$?)*+ homoeoteleuton !(+!' · homoeoarchy !((# · homoeotel !((# · homoeotopy !((# · homoe(o)archon !(%+' ," -'6%&,4$%<)! ,<, +&-3$4#4%'4,-",9-&14 doublet !("%' · word square !(%* ,- 2%''%&#4-3*1,(',B%+)**)*+#%*1,-",9-&1 word-fi nal !%!(' · word-initial !%!(' ,. 4?CB-2,&%$&%4%*')*+,9-&1 word-symbol !%## · lexigram !%"#' ,/ 4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicology !(&(0#&...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%)%' · lexis !%+*' ,/#!, -*%, 96- wordster !%+$'...,+,*-*<%,9-&1,,,.. ,0 2-G%,-",9-&14 logolatry !(!*' · epeolatry !(+*'!%+( · verbomania !%&#' · logophilia !%(*' ,0#!, -*%,96- logophile !%$%' ,1 -*%,96-,+4D)2"322?,,34%4,9-&14 verbalist !"%)' · wordmonger !%!+' · wordster !%"!'...,+,*-*<%, 9-&1,,,.. ,$ "%(&,-",9-&14 logophobia !%&#' ,2 <-*<%&*, C%&%2?,9)'6,9-&14 verbality !+)$'!("" ,2#!, -*%, 96- verbalist .!.!+*%' "! *3CB%&#"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word-frequency !%&(' · word-count !%#*' · wordage !%"$' ", (B3*1(*<%,-",9-&14 copiousness !(&"'!($* "" <6(*+%,-","-&C,-",9-&1,'-,+)G%,4)+*)! ,<(*<% parasynesis !("" · popular etymology !((*' · folk etymology !((#' "- %X$&%44)-*,B?,C%(*4,-",2%X)<-* lexicalization !%)%' !"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,(,9-&1 verbal !+*$'!"*! · lexonic !%++ !, )*,&%4$%<',-", %(<6,4)*+2%,9-&1 verbal !"%*' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-, 9-&14 vocabular !+*(' · verbatical !+!& · vocabulary !+!+' · verbarian !(#* · lexical !(#+' · lexicalic !(+* · morpholexical !%#%' !- <-*4)4')*+,-"#%X$&%44%1, )*,9-&14 verbal !$#*' · wordy !+&"' !-#!, )*, C%&%,9-&14 wordish .".!$(+'!+%" · wording !+*! · verbal !+*$' · syllabical !+*+ · wordly !+##,&-/. !%&"' !-#!,#!, <-*4)4')*+,C%&%2?,)*,9-&14#4$%%<6 verbal !+!('!+$# !-#!" 9)'6-3',C(*)"%4'(')-*,)*,(<')-* verbal !+&&' !-#!- *-' non-verbal !%&"' · textless !%$"' !. 6(G)*+#&%2(')*+,'-,4$%<)! ,<,*3CB%&,-",9-&14 triverbal !(!" · diverbal !(&$ · many-worded .".!(#&' · monepic .".!(#&' !/ 4D)22%1,)*,'6%,34%,-",9-&14 wordy !+*#'!+(* !/#!, *-' non-verbal !%"& !0 6(G)*+, 2(&+%,G-<(B32(&? copious !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!+$!'!""&0" · worded !"#) !1 (1-&*%1,9)'6,9-&14 word-painted !("*' !$ 1%4<&)B%1,)*,9-&14 word-painted !%#"' !2 9)'6)*,(,9-&1 intraverbal !%*%...,+,H)<'I,,,../.!%$#' !2#!, )*, 4$%<)! ,<,$-4)')-* word-fi nal !%)%' · word-initial !%)%' · word-medial !%)%' ,! $%&'()*)*+,'-,4'31?,-",9-&14 lexicological !(+"' ,, &%"%&&)*+,'-,"&%U3%*<?,-",9-&14 word frequency !%")' ," -",9-&14a,6(G)*+,4)C)2(&, %*1)*+4 homoteleutic !(&! · homoeoteleutic !(%* ,"#!, &%432')*+,(4,(*,%&&-&,13%,'- homoeoteleutic !((* ,- $%&'()*)*+,'-,-'6%&,4$%<)! ,<,'?$%4,-",9-&1 gefeged .12. · manidel .12. · teart .12. · long-tailed !$)%...,+,;<-'4,,,../.!"+% · communicable .".!++! · unanalogical !"$$...,+,H)<'I,,,.. · learned !(+%,&- · parasynetic !(($ · monorrhemic !%#% ,. 9-&1/"-&/9-&1 word-for-word .!.!+!!/.!($(0% · verbatim !(#)' · word-by-word !(+$' ,/ %X$&%44)*+,96-2%,$6&(4%, B?,-*%,9-&1 holophrastic !(+*' ,0 %X$&%44%1,B?,C%(*4, -",2%X)<-* lexicalised !%)%' ,1 $(44)G%,G-<(B32(&? passive !%#$' ,$ 2)C)'%1,G-<(B32(&? basic !%&%' !"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!"#'%!)! % 7?,C%(*4,-"#)*,&%4$%<',-",9-&14 verbally !+)+' · lexically !($('!(++ !, B?,C%&%,9-&14 verbally !($$0+' !,#!, 9)'6-3',(<<-C$(*?)*+,&%(2)'? verbally !+!*'!+"( !" )*,4$%<)! ,<,$-4)')-*,)*,9-&1 word- internally !%+)' · word fi nally !%+$' · word-medially !%+(' · word-initially !%"#' !- )*,4-,C(*?,9-&14 in so many words !"&*' !. 9-&1,"-&,9-&1 word after word .!.!&** · word by word !#"%' · word for word .".!)**' · after the word .!.!)** · fro word unto word .!.!)"$ · verbatim !)(!' · word in word !)%# · verbally !$((' · verbatimly !$%" · syllabically !+$)'.".!""( · totidem verbis !+$%'!%*& · verbatim et literatim !")&' !"#!$#!.#!/#!, !(!')%!)! % 53&*)46,9)'6,9-&14 vocabularize !($! !, (<<%$',)*'-,2%X)<-* lexicalise !%#"' !"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!&%!)! % J6&(4% cwide .12. · foresettedness .12. · forsetnes .12. · word .12. · wordcwide .12. · locution !)#&0$*' · saying !$#* · phrase !$#*' · comma !$(+'!"!# · word !$%#/.!"(*/. !%*#...,+,(&<6I,,,.. · speech !$%+'!+"$ · stand !+!+ · gramm !+)" · diction .".!++*'!"*% · road .".!+%* · slip-slop !(&# · construct !("!' · group-word !%$# !, <-22%<')G%2? speakings .".!#&$'!+$# · saying .!.!$"* · verbalism !(** · verbalities !()*' !" 4%&)%4,-" routine !(&& !- 34%,-" phrasing !+!!' · phraseology !+"*'!+"(...,+,H)<'I,,,.. !. <-*'&(<')-*, -",(,$6&(4% short !%&* !/ '%&C#%X$&%44)-* word< word .12.' · term .!.!)""' · conveyance !$(+ · termination !$%% · epithet !$%%'!+*) · notion !+$$'!+$" !/#!, 34%, -" terming .!.!)!*'!$%! !/#!" ($'#! ,'')*+ a word on its/upon the wheels !+$$'.!.!+$" · mot juste !%!&' !/#!- 9)'6,-*2?,-*%,9-&1 mononym !(()' · monomial !(($ !/#!-#!, 4?4'%C,-" mononymy !(($ !/#!-#!" <-*G%&4)-*,)*'- mononymization !((% !0 <('<6/$6&(4%#4'-<D,$6&(4% byword !$+#0("'!"!* · phrase !$"%' · cant !+(!'.!.!(!$ · cant phrase !"!&'!(+( · cant word !"$#'!"%* · cant term !"") · catch-phrase .".!($*' · wheeze !(%*'...,+,42(*+,M,<-22-UI,,,.. !1 <2)<6c glittering generality !()%'...,+,-&)+I,R;,,,.. · cliché !(%&'...,+,! ,+I,,,.. · thought- saver !%#!' !$ "-&C32( formala .12. · hiw .12. · formula .".!+#(' · cant !+(!'!"!& !2 )1)-C wise .12. · idiom !+&(' ,! $&-G%&B proverb .!.!#"$' · ditton !$"&'!+$# ,!#!, <-22%<' folksay/folk-say !%&%'...,+,R;,,,.. ,, -'6%&,4$%<)! ,<,'?$%4,-",$6&(4% et cetera !$%"' · chr(e)ia !+!&'!+$$0+* · hob-nob !"+!'!""* · phraseograph !()$' · continentalism !($) · snapper !($"'...,+,R;,,,.. · humilifi c !%*$ · binomial !%$%'!%+) ," 34%,-",! ,*%/4-3*1)*+, $6&(4%4 phrase-making !(+"'!%&% ,"#!, -*%,96- sententiolist !++* · phrase-maker !(&&' ,"#!" -*%,96-, %X$2()*4 phraseologist !"&" !"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,$6&(4%4 phrasical !+!$ · phrasal !("!,&- · construct !("!' !, 34)*+,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' · phrasing !((( !" (B-3*1)*+,)*,$6&(4%4 phrasy !()%' !- %X$&%44%1, )*,$6&(4%4 phrased !$$"' · worded !()(' !. 1%(2)*+, 9)'6,$6&(4%4 phraseological !++)' !/ -",$6&(4%4a, "&%U3%*'2?,34%1#6%(&1 rife !$!#'!+"!/.!("( !0 %X$&%44)*+, )*,'%&C4 terming !+)# !1 <-*4)4')*+,-",-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymic !("& · monomial !(() !"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!"#'%!)! % @4#9)'6,(,$6&(4% phraseologically !(+"' !, )*,'6%,C(**%&,-",(,"-&C32( formulaically !%$"' !"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!'(%!)! % R4%,(,$6&(4%#$6&(4%4 phrase .".!$$*/.!((( · phrasify !+##'!+") !, 34%,(,<2)<6c coin a phrase !%)*' !"#!$#!.#!/#!" !(!')%!)! % >X$&%44,)*,$6&(4%4 have .!.!))%' · phrase !$$+' · speak !$"% !, )*,1)""%&%*', $6&(4%4 reword !((&' · rephrase !(%$' · retune !%$% !" <-*G%&',)*'-,-*%/9-&1,'%&C mononymize !((% !"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!&%!)! % R4%#"-&C(')-*,-",*%9,9-&14# $6&(4%4 coining .".!+(*'!"!& · coinage !+%#' · neology !"%"' · neologism !(**' · minting !()! · neologization !()+ · neonism !()+ · neoterism !("# !, -*%,96- logodaedalus !+!!'!++) · mint-master !+)!'!+%* · logodaedalist !"&"'!(*+ · neologist !"($' · neoterist !("# · verbarian !("# !" *%9,9-&1#$6&(4% mint phrase !+&+ · mintage !+#(' · neologism !(*#' · neology !()+' · neoterism !("# · coinage !("#' !- 9-&1# $6&(4%,B-&&-9%1,"&-C,-'6%&,2(*+3(+% loan-word !(")' · foreignism !(""' · lending !(() · loan-form !%*&' !-#!, *('3&(2)T%1 denizened word !$$+ · denizen .".!+&+/. !%##'!%#) · hobson-jobsonism !%#) · replica !%$+' !-#!,#!, $&-<%44,-" nativization !%"* !-#!,#!" *-' alien !(()' · translation loan(-word) !%**' · loan- translation !%##' · calque !%#"' !-#!" &%B-&&-9%1,9-&1 reborrowing !%$#' !-#!"#!, (<')-*,-" reborrowing !%##' !"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,34%,-",*%9, 9-&14#$6&(4%4 new-fashion !"&% · neological !"$)'!"") · neologous !(!& · neologismal !(#+ · neoteristic !("# · neologistic !%#$ !, <-)*%1 new-minted !$%('!"!# · new-coined !$%(' · made !+*"'!+(" · coined !((!' !,#!, (B2%,'-, B% coinable !(#% !" -",(,2-(*/9-&1a,(1($'%1,'-,*(')G%, 2(*+3(+% nativized !%## !"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!'(%!)! % R4%#<-)*,*%9,9-&14#$6&(4%4 neologize !()+' · neoterize !("# !, <(2U3% calque !%$(' !"#!$#!.#!/#!- !(!')%!)! % A-)*,*%9,9-&1#$6&(4% coin !$(%' · feign !+*" · mint !+$%' · new-coin !"**'!(*) !, B-&&-9,"&-C,(*-'6%&,2(*+3(+% usurp !$#!'!+%*/. !($% · borrow !"*+' !,#!, *('3&(2)T% enfranchise !++('.".!")(...,+,! ,+I,,,.. · nativize !%"* !"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!&%!)! % K%X)<-+&($6? dictionary-making !++(' · lexicography !+(*' · lexigraphy !(&(0#&'...,+,H)<'I,,,.. · dictionary-work !(("' !, 2%X)<-+&($6%& dictionarist !+!" · lexicographer !+$(' · dictionary-maker !"&"'!((& · word-catcher !"#$' · dictionary-writer !")& · lexicographist !(#)0)#' !" 2%X)<-+&($6)<(2,9&)')*+4 lexicographics !"!+ !- 1)<')-*(&? dictionary !$&+' · calepin !$+('!++& · world of words !$%('!+%+ · lexicon !+*#'!()( · thesaurus !"#+'!(+& !-#!, 4$%<)! ,<,1)<')-*(&)%4 alveary !$(* · gradus .".!"+)' · Webster !()#' · the/an unabridged !(+*'!(%) · O.E.D. !(%(' !-#!" 4$%<)! ,<, '?$%4,-",1)<')-*(&? interpreter !+*"'!+"& · etymologicon !+)$'!(+& · pronouncing dictionary !"+)'!($" · rhyming dictionary !""$' · idioticon !()&'!((# · collegiate !(%(...,+,.I,@C%&IW,(24-,H)<'I,,,.. · collegiate dictionary !(%('...,+,-&)+I, H)<'I,,,.. · desk dictionary !%)(' · learner’s dictionary !%)(' · reverse dictionary !%$)' !-#!- $(&'4,-",(, 1)<')-*(&?,%*'&? !-#!-#!, 6%(1/9-&1#/"-&C main word !((( · head-form !%+& · entry form !%+&' · head-word !%++' !-#!-#!" 2%CC( lemma !%$!' !-#!-#!"#!, (<', -",4-&')*+,)*'- lemmatisation !%+"' !-#!-#!- 2(B%2 label !%!!' !. G-<(B32(&?#<-22%<')-*,-",9-&14 vocabular !$#* · vocabulist !$#*,&- · vocabuler !$#*'!"*+ · vocabulary !$#&' · nomenclator !$($'!"*" · word- book !$%(' · verbal !$%%'!+&# · lexicon !+$+'!(&# · nomenclature !+$%'!")$ · vocabula !+%( · vocab !%** !.#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 vocabulist !$)$/.!(** · nomenclator !+*%'!+&& !/ G-<(B32(&?,-",$&-$%&,*(C%4 onomasticon !"!*' !/#!, -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 onomastic !+*%'!"!+ !0 +2-44(&? glossary !)(#' !0#!, 4$%<)! ,< microglossary !%$$' !0#!" -*%,96-,<-C$)2%4 glossarist !"(&' !1 1)<')-*(&?,-",4?*-*?C4#(*'-*?C4 sylva !+"$ · synonymicon !(!# · thesaurus !(%('...,+,R;,,,.. !$ '6%4(3&34 thesaurus !($&' !$#!, 4$%<)! ,< Roget !%)*' !2 2)4',-",D%?/9-&14 word-index !%#"' · thesaurus !%$"' !2#!, <-*<-&1(*<% concordance !#("'!(+% · concordant !+&$ !2#!,#!, -*%,96-,9&)'%4 concordist !(!! · concordancer !((( ,! $6&(4%/B--D phrase-book !$%)' · phraseology !""+ !"#!$#!.#!/#!. !(!"#$%!)! % J%&'()*)*+,'-,2%X)<-+&($6? lexicographal !+($ · dictionarial !"$* · lexicographical !"%!' · lexicographian !(!$ · lexicographic !(!+'!()# · lexical !("#' · lexigraphical !(%$ !, $%&'()*)*+,'-, 4$%<)! ,<,1)<')-*(&? Websterian !(")' !" $%&'()*)*+,'-, (,2%CC( lemmatic !%$$' !- $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,+2-44(&? glossarial !(&!' !. $%&'()*)*+,'-,(,<-*<-&1(*<% concordantial !++*'.".!(*& !.#!, 4$%<)! ,< key-word-in- context !%$%' !"#!$#!*#!( !"#$"%!&%'(")*%!&%*'$$+,% n. adj. adv. v. vi. v. pass. vt. v. refl. v. impers. phr. int. conj. prep. !&%$
  5. 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325

    1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.01.05.04 Fountain 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.01.10.13 Astrology 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.03.05.01 Insipidity
  6. 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325

    1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.03.06.01 Inodorousness 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.04.01 Alchemy 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 01.04.02.01 Chemistry
  7. 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325

    1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 02.02.18.03 Meekness 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 02.02.28.03 Arrogance 1100 1125 1150 1175 1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 1425 1450 1475 1500 1525 1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800 1825 1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 03.04.06.07 Rule over the sea
  8. 03.01.03.02 Civilization 5 10 15 20 25 1350 1450 1550

    1650 1750 1850 1950 n: Lack of civilization aj: Uncivilized aj: Pertaining to civilization av: In uncivilized manner n: Civilization vt: Render uncivilized vt: Make civilized
  9. Uncivilized | Wild wild a1300– wildern a1300 fremd c1374 Chaucer,

    Troylus & Crysede (c1374): Al this world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremed and tame. bestial c1400– Mandeville’s Voyages (c1400): Thei weren but bestyalle folk, and diden no thing but kepten Bestes.
  10. Uncivilized | Wild savage c1420/30– Dryden, The Conquest of Granada

    (1672): I am as free as Nature first made man, 'Ere the base Laws of Servitude began, When wild in woods the noble Savage ran. warrigal 1855–(1890) Australian Old Bush Songs (1855): I'm a warragle fellow that long hath dwelt In the wild interior, nor hath felt, Nor heard, nor seen the pleasures of town.
  11. Uncivilized | Rough/Crude rude 1483– raw 1577– Harrison, England, in

    Holinshead, Chronicles (1587): Men, being as then but raw and void of ciiuilitie. ruvid 1632 Lithgow, The totall discourse of the rare adventures and painefull peregrinations of long nineteen yeares travayles (1632): The ruvid Cittizens, being Turkes, Moores, Iewes, … and Nostranes.
  12. Uncivilized | Barbar barbaric 1490-1533; a1837 Aikin, General Biography (1799):

    At length, he came forth in all the splendor of his imperial dignity to give them an amicable welcome, and the Spanish historians employ the loftiest terms in describing the barbaric grandeur of his appearance. barbar 1535-a1726 barbarous 1538- barbarious 1570-1762 barbarian 1591- 
 semi-barbarous 1798- semi-barbaric 1864
  13. Uncivilized | Civilness incivil 1586 uncivilized 1607– incivilized 1647 Cowley,

    Welcome (The Mistress) (1647):
 Either by savages possest, 
 Or wild and uninhabited? 
 What joy couldst take, or what repose, 
 In countries so unciviliz'd as those?
  14. Uncivilized | Civilness inhumane a1680 Butler, Remains (a1680): There's nothing

    so absurd, or vain, Or barbarous, or inhumane, But if it lay the least Pretence To Piety and Godliness… Does sacred instantly commence. irreclaimed 1814 pre-civilized 1953–
  15. Uncivilized | The Other Scythical 1559-1602 Herring, Anatomyes of the

    true physition and counterfeit mounte-banke (1602): Such Schythicall… torturing and massacring of Men. negerous 1609
  16. Uncivilized | The Other mountainous 1613-1851 Mainwaring and Oldmixton, in

    Ellis, Swift vs. Mainwaring (1711): England… bounded on the North by a poor mountainous People call'd Scots. tramontane 1739-1832
  17. Uncivilized | The Other jungle 1908– jungli 1920– Chambers’ Journal

    (Jan 1927): Already he ceases to be jungli*.
 Note: Wild and boorish, a clodhopper or uneducated peasant.
  18. Sydney Smith, Letter to Francis Jeffrey (Mar 1814): When shall

    I see Scotland again? Never shall I forget the happy days I passed there amidst odious smells, barbarous sounds, bad suppers, excellent hearts, and most enlightened and cultivated understandings.
  19. ‣ Concept search ‣ Annotate texts with meaning codes ‣

    Disambiguate between homonyms (river bank/money bank/rely on it bank) ‣ Investigate if words in translations fit the semantic categories of the context ‣ Offer provisional dating of texts ‣ Investigate metaphor and analogy ‣ Identify anachronistic terms in texts (the Time Machine)
  20. www.glasgow.ac.uk/metaphor   http://blogs.arts.gla.ac.uk/metaphor/ Twitter: @MappingMetaphor Mapping Metaphor with the Historical

    Thesaurus Image from Thomas Wright: An original theory or new hypothesis of the universe. London, 1750. Courtesy of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.
  21. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Mapping Metaphor with the

    Historical Thesaurus Funded by the AHRC – Jan 2012-March 2015   PI: Wendy Anderson   RA: Ellen Bramwell   PhD student: Rachael Hamilton   Technician: Flora Edmonds   CIs: Marc Alexander, Carole Hough, Christian Kay   Project assistants and student volunteers   International Network of Scholars
  22. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Methods - Grouped HT

    data into 411 semantically-coherent (≈basic- level) categories   - Most semantic categories have an OE and post-OE part   - A database query compares the set of lexical items in each category with the set of lexical items in every other category   - Where there is lexical overlap, there may also be metaphor!   - We code the data manually, identifying category pairs which are metaphorically linked
  23. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Metaphor cards Y08 Trade

    and commerce (3832 word types) D17 Wetness (636 word types)   Trade and commerce Wetness   There is a strong metaphorical connection between Trade and commerce and Wetness, beginning in the late 19th century.   There are 7 word types which overlap between these two categories, including the metaphors: flood (of a market) (1894-), saturated (of a market) (1962-).   View all categories with metaphorical connections to both Trade and Commerce and Wetness   View all categories with metaphorical connections to either Trade and Commerce or Wetness
  24. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Metaphor cards Y08 Trade

    and commerce (3832 word types) F19 Computing (1320 word types)   Trade and commerce Computing   There is a strong metaphorical connection between Trade and commerce and Computing, beginning in the mid 20th century.   There are 22 word types which overlap between these two categories, including the metaphors: hardware (1947-), export (1982-) and import (1985-).   View all categories with metaphorical connections to both Trade and Commerce and Computing   View all categories with metaphorical connections to either Trade and Commerce or Computing
  25. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Metaphor cards Y08 Trade

    and commerce (3832 word types) H22 Truth and falsity (5887 word types)   Trade and commerce Truth and falsity   There is a strong metaphorical connection between Trade and commerce and Truth and falsity, beginning in the late 19th century.   There are 76 word types which overlap between these two categories, including the metaphors: sold (1876), window-dress (1913) and oversell (1928-).   View all categories with metaphorical connections to both Trade and Commerce and Truth and falsity   View all categories with metaphorical connections to either Trade and Commerce or Truth and falsity
  26. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Metaphor cards Y08 Trade

    and commerce (3832 word types) C04 Weariness (574 word types)   Trade and commerce Weariness   There is a weak metaphorical connection between Trade and commerce and Weariness, beginning in the mid 20th century.   There are 7 word types which overlap between these two categories, including the metaphor: sold-out (1958-).   View all categories with metaphorical connections to both Trade and Commerce and Weariness   View all categories with metaphorical connections to either Trade and Commerce or Weariness
  27. Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus Metaphor cards Y08 Trade

    and commerce (3832 word types) F13 Exemplification and specificity (2441 word types)   Trade and commerce Exemplification and specificity   There is a weak metaphorical connection between Trade and commerce and Exemplification and Specificity, beginning in the mid 17th century.   There are 36 word types which overlap between these two categories, including the metaphor: wholesale (1642-).   View all categories with metaphorical connections to both Trade and Commerce and Exemplification and Specificity   View all categories with metaphorical connections to either Trade and Commerce or Exemplification and Specificity
  28. www.glasgow.ac.uk/metaphor   http://blogs.arts.gla.ac.uk/metaphor/ Twitter: @MappingMetaphor Mapping Metaphor with the Historical

    Thesaurus Image from Thomas Wright: An original theory or new hypothesis of the universe. London, 1750. Courtesy of University of Glasgow Library, Special Collections.