The Hansard Corpus Through a Telescope

Presented at ICAME39, Tampere, Finland

Transcript

1. The Hansard Corpus Through a Telescope icame 39 June 2018 – Marc Alexander With research also by Fraser Dallachy, Christian Kay, Elina Koristashevskaya, and Andrew Struan University of Glasgow
2. D A Scott on Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dascayman/6836710382/
3. Josh Lee: https://medium.com/@wtrsld/big-data-made-me-do-it-5bfc3f46871c
4. samuels Semantic Annotation and Mark-Up for Enhancing Lexical Searches
5. Data Deluge, Brett Ryder, The Economist, Feb. 2010
6. Marc Alexander University of Glasgow Brian Aitken University of Glasgow Jean Anderson University of Glasgow Dawn Archer University of Central Lancashire Alistair Baron Lancaster University Fraser Dallachy University of Glasgow Mark Davies Brigham Young University Jane Demmen University of Huddersfield Jonathan Hope University of Strathclyde Lesley Jeffries University of Huddersfield Anthony Johnson Åbo Akademi University Ilkka Juuso University of Oulu Christian Kay University of Glasgow Bethan Malory University of Central Lancashire Scott Piao Lancaster University Paul Rayson Lancaster University Tapio Seppänen University of Oulu Brian Walker University of Huddersfield Stephen Wattam Lancaster University Other partners: Oxford University Press, the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and the Folger Shakespeare Library.
7. historical thesaurus of english www.glasgow.ac.uk/thesaurus
11. Semantic Annotation System VARD CLAWS HT sense tagger USAS NLP lexicon resources USAS [HT-related resources] Historical Thesaurus; Higher-level HT categories; Linked HT categories; Highly polysemous words; Z-category words; Polyseme density list; Input raw text Annotated text HT sense disambiguator Spelling training model
13. Web demo site: http://is.gd/semtag –Quick access A more convenient gui tool for processing multiple texts – Available at www.glasgow.ac.uk/samuels Access via WMatrix api –http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/wmatrix Corpora –http://www.hansard-corpus.org: Hansard Corpus 1803-2005
 Alexander, Marc, and Mark Davies. 2015. The Hansard Corpus 1803–2005. http://www.hansard-corpus.org. –http://corpus.byu.edu/eebo: Semantic EEBO 
 Alexander, Marc, Mark Davies, and Paul Rayson. 2018. EEBO Corpus. http://corpus.byu.edu/eebo.
14. hansard corpus 1803–2003 7.6m speeches; 1.6bn words; fully semantically tagged 
 www.hansard-corpus.org
18. “I knew nothing, and did not desire to know anything, of short-hand. Short- hand writers are very useful in taking-down evidence as given in a court of justice, but they are wholly incompetent to report a good speech. […] there probably never was a parliamentary debater in whose language there was not some inaccuracy, and who did not fall into occasional repetitions. These are hardly perceived in the rapid stream of extemporaneous eloquence, and are corrected and remedied by the voice, the eye, the action of him to whom we listen; but blazoned on a printed page which we are deliberately to peruse, they would offend and perplex us. […] Fidelity is the first and indispensable requisite, but this does not demand an exposure of inaccuracies and repetitions.” John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell (1779-1861). Reporter in early nineteenth century.
 Campbell, John. 1881. Life of John, Lord Campbell, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain; consisting of a selection from his autobiography, diary, and letters. In two volumes. Ed. by the Hon. Mrs Hardcastle. 2nd edn. London: John Murray. p.105-107.
19. Report from the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Earl of Elgin's Collection of Sculptured Marbles; &c. 25 March 1816, p.35. Shorthand likely by William Brodie Gurney.
20. Hansard, the Official Report, is: “a full report in the first person of all Members […] which, though not strictly verbatim, is substantially the verbatim report, with repetitions and redundancies omitted and with obvious mistakes corrected, but, on the other hand, leaves out nothing that adds to the meaning of the speech or illustrates the argument” Report from the House of Commons Select Committee on Parliamentary Debates,
 hc 239 of session 1907, p.iii, my highlighting
24. 1. Distribution 2. Privatisation and Gender 3. Barbarians
25. 1. Distribution 2. Privatisation and Gender 3. Barbarians
26. AP RELATIVE PROPERTIES AK EXISTENCE AND CAUSATION AO ACTION/OPERATION AR THE MIND AM TIME BB AUTHORITY AW POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP AS ATTENTION, JUDGMENT, CURIOSITY AX LANGUAGE AL SPACE BJ TRADE AND FINANCE AV WILL BG COMMUNICATION AU EMOTION BK LEISURE AY SOCIETY AA THE WORLD AN MOVEMENT BI OCCUPATION AND WORK BD MORALITY BC LAW AI PHYSICAL SENSATION AB LIFE AC HEALTH AND DISEASE AJ MATTER AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING AG FOOD AND DRINK AD PEOPLE BA ARMED HOSTILITY BE EDUCATION AE ANIMALS BF FAITH AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING AF PLANTS AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING AQ THE SUPERNATURAL 0 25,000,000 50,000,000 75,000,000 100,000,000 Hansard Commons
27. AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING AG FOOD AND DRINK AD PEOPLE BA ARMED HOSTILITY BE EDUCATION AE ANIMALS BF FAITH AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING AF PLANTS AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING AQ THE SUPERNATURAL 0 5,000,000 10,000,000 Hansard Commons
28. AP RELATIVE PROPERTIES AK EXISTENCE AND CAUSATION AO ACTION/OPERATION AR THE MIND AM TIME BB AUTHORITY AW POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP AS ATTENTION, JUDGMENT, CURIOSITY AX LANGUAGE AL SPACE BJ TRADE AND FINANCE AV WILL BG COMMUNICATION AU EMOTION BK LEISURE AY SOCIETY AA THE WORLD AN MOVEMENT BI OCCUPATION AND WORK BD MORALITY BC LAW AI PHYSICAL SENSATION AB LIFE AC HEALTH AND DISEASE AJ MATTER AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING AG FOOD AND DRINK AD PEOPLE BA ARMED HOSTILITY BE EDUCATION AE ANIMALS BF FAITH AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING AF PLANTS AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING AQ THE SUPERNATURAL 0 25,000,000 50,000,000 75,000,000 100,000,000 Hansard Commons
29. AP RELATIVE PROPERTIES AK EXISTENCE AND CAUSATION AR THE MIND AW POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP AO ACTION/OPERATION AM TIME BB AUTHORITY AS ATTENTION, JUDGMENT, CURIOSITY BF FAITH AX LANGUAGE AL SPACE AU EMOTION AB LIFE AN MOVEMENT AQ THE SUPERNATURAL AI PHYSICAL SENSATION BG COMMUNICATION BK LEISURE AV WILL AA THE WORLD AJ MATTER BD MORALITY AD PEOPLE AY SOCIETY AG FOOD AND DRINK AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS AE ANIMALS BJ TRADE AND FINANCE AC HEALTH AND DISEASE BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING BC LAW BA ARMED HOSTILITY BI OCCUPATION AND WORK AF PLANTS AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING BE EDUCATION AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0 17,500,000 35,000,000 52,500,000 70,000,000 SEEBO
30. AP RELATIVE PROPERTIES AK EXISTENCE AND CAUSATION AO ACTION/OPERATION AR THE MIND AM TIME BB AUTHORITY AW POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP AS ATTENTION, JUDGMENT, CURIOSITY AX LANGUAGE AL SPACE BJ TRADE AND FINANCE AV WILL BG COMMUNICATION AU EMOTION BK LEISURE AY SOCIETY AA THE WORLD AN MOVEMENT BI OCCUPATION AND WORK BD MORALITY BC LAW AI PHYSICAL SENSATION AB LIFE AC HEALTH AND DISEASE AJ MATTER AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING AG FOOD AND DRINK AD PEOPLE BA ARMED HOSTILITY BE EDUCATION AE ANIMALS BF FAITH AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING AF PLANTS AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING AQ THE SUPERNATURAL 0 25,000,000 50,000,000 75,000,000 100,000,000 AP RELATIVE PROPERTIES AK EXISTENCE AND CAUSATION AR THE MIND AW POSSESSION/OWNERSHIP AO ACTION/OPERATION AM TIME BB AUTHORITY AS ATTENTION, JUDGMENT, CURIOSITY BF FAITH AX LANGUAGE AL SPACE AU EMOTION AB LIFE AN MOVEMENT AQ THE SUPERNATURAL AI PHYSICAL SENSATION BG COMMUNICATION BK LEISURE AV WILL AA THE WORLD AJ MATTER BD MORALITY AD PEOPLE AY SOCIETY AG FOOD AND DRINK AT GOODNESS AND BADNESS AE ANIMALS BJ TRADE AND FINANCE AC HEALTH AND DISEASE BH TRAVEL AND TRAVELLING BC LAW BA ARMED HOSTILITY BI OCCUPATION AND WORK AF PLANTS AZ INHABITING AND DWELLING BE EDUCATION AH TEXTILES AND CLOTHING 0 17,500,000 35,000,000 52,500,000 70,000,000 SEEBO Hansard Commons
31. AP Relative properties, 1 AP Relative properties, 1 AK Existence and causation, 2 AK Existence and causation, 2 AO Action/operation, 3 AO Action/operation, 5 AR The mind, 4 AR The mind, 3 AM Time, 5 AM Time, 6 BB Authority, 6 BB Authority, 7 AW Possession/ownership, 7 AW Possession/ownership, 4 AS Attention, judgment, curiosity AS Attention, judgment, curiosity, 8 AX Language, 9 AX Language, 10 AL Space, 10 AL Space, 11 BJ Trade and finance, 11 BJ Trade and finance, 28 BI Occupation and work, 19 BI Occupation and work, 33 BF Faith, 32 BF Faith, 9 AH Textiles and clothing, 36 AH Textiles and clothing, 37 AQ The supernatural, 37 AQ The supernatural, 15 Hansard EEBO
32. 1. Distribution 2. Privatisation and Gender 3. Barbarians
33. Rank Word Total No. In Whole Corpus Expected Collocate Frequency Observed Collocate Frequency In No. Of Texts Log-Likelihood Value 1 rail 57634 8.146 1029 816 7940.517 2 electricity 65281 9.227 930 764 6756.497 3 water 148835 21.037 1055 849 6205.925 7 British 726864 102.74 895 834 2294.546 8 after 767567 108.493 865 752 2082.502 9 the 89560784 12659.108 17721 10263 1954.346 10 proceeds 17647 2.494 264 222 1942.772 11 deregulation 6570 0.929 202 183 1778.769 13 proposals 304160 42.992 494 461 1512.017 14 process 138471 19.572 373 332 1493.552 15 privatisation 29754 4.206 228 112 1375.155 16 about 2234172 315.793 1175 1088 1373.82 17 Telecom 3818 0.54 138 134 1260.338 18 opposed 106462 15.048 293 264 1185.047 19 botched 556 0.079 92 85 1132.31 20 Railtrack 5348 0.756 130 105 1083.074 21 coal 223766 31.629 356 302 1075.976 22 gas 71372 10.088 228 213 986.907 23 railways 78822 11.141 235 218 986.199 24 creeping 2224 0.314 100 87 957.673 25 benefits 126479 17.877 256 245 887.281 26 towards 196664 27.798 299 281 878.923 27 HMSO 1018 0.144 80 59 858.065 28 plans 101944 14.409 218 212 777.902 privatisation, Commons
34. Rank Word Total No. In Whole Corpus Expected Collocate Frequency Observed Collocate Frequency In No. Of Texts Log-Likelihood Value 1 rail 57634 8.146 1029 816 7940.517 2 electricity 65281 9.227 930 764 6756.497 3 water 148835 21.037 1055 849 6205.925 7 British 726864 102.74 895 834 2294.546 8 after 767567 108.493 865 752 2082.502 9 the 89560784 12659.108 17721 10263 1954.346 10 proceeds 17647 2.494 264 222 1942.772 11 deregulation 6570 0.929 202 183 1778.769 13 proposals 304160 42.992 494 461 1512.017 14 process 138471 19.572 373 332 1493.552 15 privatisation 29754 4.206 228 112 1375.155 16 about 2234172 315.793 1175 1088 1373.82 17 Telecom 3818 0.54 138 134 1260.338 18 opposed 106462 15.048 293 264 1185.047 19 botched 556 0.079 92 85 1132.31 20 Railtrack 5348 0.756 130 105 1083.074 21 coal 223766 31.629 356 302 1075.976 22 gas 71372 10.088 228 213 986.907 23 railways 78822 11.141 235 218 986.199 24 creeping 2224 0.314 100 87 957.673 25 benefits 126479 17.877 256 245 887.281 26 towards 196664 27.798 299 281 878.923 27 HMSO 1018 0.144 80 59 858.065 28 plans 101944 14.409 218 212 777.902 privatisation, Commons
35. Rank Word Total No. In Whole Corpus Expected Collocate Frequency Observed Collocate Frequency In No. Of Texts Log-Likelihood Value 1 rail 57634 8.146 1029 816 7940.517 2 electricity 65281 9.227 930 764 6756.497 3 water 148835 21.037 1055 849 6205.925 7 British 726864 102.74 895 834 2294.546 8 after 767567 108.493 865 752 2082.502 9 the 89560784 12659.108 17721 10263 1954.346 10 proceeds 17647 2.494 264 222 1942.772 11 deregulation 6570 0.929 202 183 1778.769 13 proposals 304160 42.992 494 461 1512.017 14 process 138471 19.572 373 332 1493.552 15 privatisation 29754 4.206 228 112 1375.155 16 about 2234172 315.793 1175 1088 1373.82 17 Telecom 3818 0.54 138 134 1260.338 18 opposed 106462 15.048 293 264 1185.047 19 botched 556 0.079 92 85 1132.31 20 Railtrack 5348 0.756 130 105 1083.074 21 coal 223766 31.629 356 302 1075.976 22 gas 71372 10.088 228 213 986.907 23 railways 78822 11.141 235 218 986.199 24 creeping 2224 0.314 100 87 957.673 25 benefits 126479 17.877 256 245 887.281 26 towards 196664 27.798 299 281 878.923 27 HMSO 1018 0.144 80 59 858.065 28 plans 101944 14.409 218 212 777.902 privatisation, Commons
36. Rank Category Category Name Total No. In Whole Corpus Expected Collocate Frequency Observed Collocate Frequency In No. Of Texts Log-Likelihood Value 1 010105 Water 161040 22.762 1046 842 5973.297 3 0110070306 Electricity 70773 10.004 786 657 5320.169 6 03091202 A broadcast programme/item 193520 27.353 557 498 2301.02 7 0304100303-11 from restrictions/regulations 7737 1.094 203 184 1722.567 8 03100402 Railway system/organization 210069 29.693 442 396 1564.315 9 01110302-10 that which originates from something else 16049 2.269 193 164 1336.235 10 01151104 Opposition 509884 72.07 554 475 1297.69 11 0301010507 Proposal 483823 68.387 515 480 1187.863 12 01150201 A proceeding 376279 53.186 425 388 1024.069 13 0115220201-1702 bungled 395 0.056 75 70 945.881 14 0101080602-01 coal 187508 26.504 267 226 753.163 15 011512010301 Support/encouragement 555633 78.537 424 153 739.827 16 03122105-10 insurance policy 626820 88.599 443 421 718.076 17 011103-07 determining factor/agent 207440 29.321 265 140 695.979 18 011104 Of/pertaining to events/occurrences 599964 84.803 417 243 664.768 19 01060603-01 habit 6569 0.929 88 77 628.127 20 02011306-02 proposing for consideration 106319 15.028 191 179 619.707 21 020408 Excitement 23240 3.285 118 112 616.409 22 020105180603 Obsession 3496 0.494 74 71 595.919 23 01110306 Effect/result/consequence 1127833 159.415 555 518 594.523 24 02070313-07 terms of agreement 25171 3.558 117 57 591.069 25 011512-08 feasibility 13841 1.956 93 65 536.797 26 0113080403-03 previous circumstances/events 84366 11.925 160 156 535.13 27 02050401-01 a plan 235257 33.253 237 229 523.813 privatisation, Commons
37. Rank Category Category Name Total No. In Whole Corpus Expected Collocate Frequency Observed Collocate Frequency In No. Of Texts Log-Likelihood Value 1 010105 Water 161040 22.762 1046 842 5973.297 3 0110070306 Electricity 70773 10.004 786 657 5320.169 6 03091202 A broadcast programme/item 193520 27.353 557 498 2301.02 7 0304100303-11 from restrictions/regulations 7737 1.094 203 184 1722.567 8 03100402 Railway system/organization 210069 29.693 442 396 1564.315 9 01110302-10 that which originates from something else 16049 2.269 193 164 1336.235 10 01151104 Opposition 509884 72.07 554 475 1297.69 11 0301010507 Proposal 483823 68.387 515 480 1187.863 12 01150201 A proceeding 376279 53.186 425 388 1024.069 13 0115220201-1702 bungled 395 0.056 75 70 945.881 14 0101080602-01 coal 187508 26.504 267 226 753.163 15 011512010301 Support/encouragement 555633 78.537 424 153 739.827 16 03122105-10 insurance policy 626820 88.599 443 421 718.076 17 011103-07 determining factor/agent 207440 29.321 265 140 695.979 18 011104 Of/pertaining to events/occurrences 599964 84.803 417 243 664.768 19 01060603-01 habit 6569 0.929 88 77 628.127 20 02011306-02 proposing for consideration 106319 15.028 191 179 619.707 21 020408 Excitement 23240 3.285 118 112 616.409 22 020105180603 Obsession 3496 0.494 74 71 595.919 23 01110306 Effect/result/consequence 1127833 159.415 555 518 594.523 24 02070313-07 terms of agreement 25171 3.558 117 57 591.069 25 011512-08 feasibility 13841 1.956 93 65 536.797 26 0113080403-03 previous circumstances/events 84366 11.925 160 156 535.13 27 02050401-01 a plan 235257 33.253 237 229 523.813 privatisation, Commons
38. Rank Category Name Log-Likelihood Value 1 Mrs 75852.1 3 Ms 30388.48 4 Madam 29478.43 5 Women 17756.31 6 Speaker 11592.37 7 Miss 10246.65 8 Dame 9323.45 9 Beckett 9244 10 children 9084.11 12 Shephard 6339.93 13 Widdecombe 6128.57 14 Elaine 5779.83 15 Ann 5477.79 16 Kellett-Bowman 4878.88 17 child 4744.45 18 Bottomley 4387.24 19 Angela 4332.63 20 order 4283.06 21 Janet 3902.2 22 Fookes 3802.07 23 care 3750.63 24 Primarolo 3711.12 25 Jackson 3690.42 26 Harman 3530.71 keywords: speakers with title Mrs/Miss/Ms vs speakers with title Mr, 1990s Commons Mrs/Miss/Ms
39. Rank Category Category Name Log-Likelihood Value 1 Ad:03:B Woman 27098.11 2 Ao:22:C:01 Courtesy 24934.57 3 Ad:03:D Child 11064.28 7 Ay:06:A:02 Rank 3958.63 8 Ay:01:E:01:B Mother 2447.95 9 Bb:02:A Command/bidding 2336.9 10 Ay:01:E:01 Parent 2275.43 11 Aw:04 Poverty 2010.87 12 Ac:02:H Patient 1861.63 13 Ac:02:B Art/science of medicine 1771.11 14 Ar:45:A School of thought, ideology 1750.15 15 Ac:01 Health and disease 1571.42 16 Bi:01 Work 1468.45 18 Bd:05:G:02 Unchastity 1406.46 19 Bf:23:E:05 Religious order 1383.01 20 Ab:08:E:07 Abortion 1350.56 21 Ac:02:G:05 Nurse 1324.75 22 Bb:08:C One having delegated/derived authority 1309.09 24 Be Education 1155.18 25 Ay:01 Kinship/relationship 1141.59 26 Bi:04 Working 1119.82 27 Ao:21:G Care/carefulness/attention 1031.28 28 Ad:03:E Baby/infant 929.86 29 Ad People 844.51 key domains: speakers with title Mrs/Miss/Ms vs speakers with title Mr, 1990s Commons Mrs/Miss/Ms
40. Rank Category Category Name Log-Likelihood Value 4 Za01 +Personal names 6314.05 6 Za02 +Geographical names 5269.47 23 Za03 +Other proper names 1155.76 34 Ba:18:A:01 Peace treaty 760.62 36 Zc +Grammatical items 740.05 41 Ze +Conditionals 620.76 50 Aa:02:A Cardinal points 566.46 51 Aj:07:F:04 Nuclear fission 559.73 52 Ba:15:A Weapon 541.43 53 Ao:16:A Protection/defence 535.99 55 Bb:01 Power 518.69 59 Zb +Discourse items 477.33 62 Bc:09:A Judicial body/assembly/court 455.29 63 Bd:03 Rightness/justice 451.24 64 Aa:08:C:06 Hydrocarbon minerals 450.79 65 Bb:06:H:08:D Civil service 448 67 Bb:06:K:04:E Principles of/attachment to types of government 415.42 73 Bk:08:V:08 Racket games 397.95 76 Bk:02:D:01 Party 373.52 77 Bc:07:A Police force/the police 369.05 79 Zz +Unmatched 342.52 80 Ba:10 Military service 342.26 83 Aj:07:A:01 Force 335.57 85 Bb:06:K:17:B International agreements 323.63 key domains: speakers with title Mr vs speakers with title Mrs/Miss/Ms, 1990s Commons Mr
41. Rank Category Category Name Log-Likelihood Value 2 Ag01S Providing/receiving food 670.86 3 Bj01Y01 Income/revenue/profit 545.04 4 Bj01S03 Tax 437.47 5 Be05C Examination 379.96 6 Bj01X02 Paying (money) for labour/service 379.14 7 Bj01W Grants and allowances 375.85 8 Aw04 Poverty 347.38 9 Bc05A Lawyer 304.64 10 Bj01P Payment 285.67 11 Ay01E01 Parent 283.57 12 Bj01S03A Taxation 234.3 13 Ad03D Child 220.3 14 Ay01G13 Unmarried person(s) 218.22 15 Ab03 Age 200.48 16 Ay05A Philanthropy 196.4 17 Bi09E Employer 179.7 18 Bj01Y03 Solvency 154.53 19 Ap04 Number 153.26 20 Bj01M Money 138.54 22 Bf23F02 Lay functionaries 131.02 23 Ay01G14 Widow/widower 126.88 24 Al03I Fact/condition of tapering 110.16 26 Ai05 Sensuous pleasure 103.6 29 Aw06B Receiving 91.33 key domains: speakers with title Prof vs speakers with title Mr, 1990s Commons Prof
42. 1. Distribution 2. Privatisation and Gender 3. Barbarians
43. 2046 references to the uncivil in Hansard from 1803–2003
45. The tendency of Parliament to legislate as if the people of Ireland were a set of the most incapable and helpless savages was to him a matter of regret. Lord John Manners, Parliamentary Debates (hc), 1 April 1870 vol. 200 cc1070–1.
46. In those days, what we regard as the core of Europe was regarded by most Europeans, self- confessed Greeks, as the darker forests of the barbarian north. Concepts of Europe have moved around quite a lot over the centuries, and will no doubt move again. Lord Wallace of Saltaire, Parliamentary Debates (hl), 15 December 2004, vol. 667 c1362
47. • In English, we have five metaphorical “families” for thinking about foreigners: • Wild • Rough/Crude • Barbar • Civilness • The Other 3"1,..'0+76%1$"1 noble savage !'-()*!#!"$ !"#!$#!"#!2#!$ !(!$%&#!)! % :2#$4$.$=%) bærbære *01* · elreord *01* · elreordig *01* · hæþen *01* · ungerad *01* · wild< wilde *01*)**!*!&++$ · wildern *!*!&++ · fremd *"*!&-" · bestial *"*!"++$!,!' · savage *"*!"(+.&+$ · savagine *"*!"&+$!"&+."+ · rude !",&$ · barbaric !"#+$!%!&)* *!*!,&-$ · barbar !%&%$*!*!-(' · barbarous !%&,$ · Scythical !%%#$!'+( · barbarious !%-+$!-'( · raw !%--)*!,"-)* !,'% · incivil !%,' · barbarian !%#!$ · uncivilized !'+-$ · negerous !'+# · savaged !'!! · mountainous !'!&$!-+& · ruvid !'&(N(/ · ruvidous !'&( · incivilized !'"- · inhumane *!*!',+ · tramontane !-&#$!,&( · semi- barbarous !-#,$ · irreclaimed !,!" · semi-savage !,&&$ · semi-ferine !,%"$!,%,***0N01,1%0O0** · warrigal !,%%***0N0C7+&1,.90O0**$!,#+ · sloven !,%'***0N0:!0O0**$!,,(.& · semi-barbaric !,'" · wild and woolly !,,"$ · woolly !,#!$ · jungle !#+,$ · medieval !#!-$*N**00#".."@90O0** · jungli !#(+$ · pre-civilised !#%&$ !$ ,2)0 Shan !#-($* #7.&71% Woo Hohokam ! age !#(-$ #7.&71% Uru Age !,,!$ Bronze Age Iron Age !, fl int-man ! Siculan/Sic Sollitrean ! fl int-folk !, !#!!$ · Mou Gravettian !#!#$ · Mag !#%#$*N**00C1#/,% !#(#$ 2$#! 2$#!>#!$ +
48. Wild Crude Barbar Civility The ‘Other’
49. Hansard (Commons), 21 August 1860: The duty of the bishops and ecclesiastics was to instruct the wild people of the colony [New Zealand] in Christian doctrines, and in the principles of morality. Hansard (Commons), 5 June 1899: Will Her Majesty's Government take into consideration the advisability of discontinuing the use of [the dum-dum] bullet in wars with semi-civilised or savage people, as well as with those nations who are parties to the [First Hague] Conference? wild wild (a1300–), wildern (a1300), fremd (c1374), bestial (c1400–), savage (c1420/30–)
 savagine (c1430–1430/40), savaged (1611), semi-savage (1833–), warrigal (1855–1890; Aust.)
50. Hansard (Lords), 11 March 1869: […]make such regulations for any part of India, however rude, uncivilized, or outlying, to put in motion the whole machinery of the Legislative Council at Calcutta. rude rude (1483–), raw (1577–), ruvid (1632), ruvidous (1632)

51. Hansard (Lords), 10 July 1956: It all points to the one direction that before long this blot on our civilisation [the death penalty], this relic of a barbaric age, will be removed from the Statute Book. Hansard (Lords), 18 April 1995: We can now see that in dealing with Russia we are dealing with a semi-barbarous state and a society that only knew a measure of democracy for a few years before the First World War. barbar barbaric (1490–1513; a1837) barbar (1535–a1726), barbarous (1538–)
 barbarious (1570–1762), barbarian (1591–), semi-barbarous (1798–), semi-barbaric (1864)
52. Hansard (Lords), 12 May 1874: But a central government is not enough. In barbarous times and in uncivilized countries, roads are the first condition of improvement; and here it will be our first duty to open and secure the maintenance of roads and trade-paths. civility incivil (1586), uncivilized (1607–), incivilized (1647), inhumane (a1680), irreclaimed (1814), pre-civilized (1953–) 

53. 2046 references to the uncivil in Hansard from 1803–2003 Coded for: Sense-Family, Target, Category, Theme, Animacy, Foreign/ Domestic, (Relative) Present/Past, Country, Region, Nation, People
54. Ireland 55 Northern Ireland 45 India 34 Russia 32 Scotland 31 Africa 30 China 25 New Zealand 18 South Africa 16 Turkey 16 Iraq 14 Europe 13 Abyssinia 11 Japan 11 England 10 Greece 10 Spain 10 Afghanistan 9 US 9 Egypt 8
55. 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Past Present
56. 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Animate Inanimate
57. 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Domestic Foreign Ireland Northern Ireland
59. Shift from foreign to domestic Shift from place to practice Shift from animate to inanimate Outlook, attitude, increased oppositionality
60. draconian, Hansard 320 640 960 1280 1600 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
61. D A Scott on Flickr: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dascayman/6836710382/
62. www.glasgow.ac.uk/thesaurus www.hansard-corpus.org www.glasgow.ac.uk/samuels www.linguisticdna.org Slides at http://seldo.me/hanstel Thank you!