Visit 2: Akkermansia

Transcript

1. Akkermansia Muciniphila AKIL PALANISAMY M.D. MICROBIOME GROUP VISIT TWO OF EIGHT
2. Akkermansia – Summary • Akkermansia is a keystone bacteria and makes up to 1-5% of all the gut bacteria • Helps to modulate immune system, reduce gut & systemic inflammation, improve blood sugar metabolism and combat obesity. • Primary mucus metabolizer and processor i.e. muciniphila or mucus-loving Naito, Yuji et al. "A next-generation beneficial microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila." Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition vol. 63,1 (2018): 33-35. doi:10.3164/jcbn.18-57
3. Akkermansia Muciniphila  A strict anaerobe recently isolated from human gut in 2004  Named after the Dutch microbiologist Antoon Akkermans  Does not survive when exposed to air, hard to make as a probiotic (Pendulum)
4. Akkermansia Muciniphila  Degrades mucus but net effect is remodeling of the gut lining that increases the thickness of the protective mucus layer  Higher levels of akkermansia are associated with the healthiest metabolic status as measured by blood sugar, triglycerides, and waist to hip ratio  Stimulates GLP-1, a hormone produced by the gut, which helps maintain healthy levels of insulin and glucose in the body
5. Key Points  Keystone species and generates metabolic products that support the growth and energy needs of other gut microbes – cross-feeding  Reduces both G.I. and systemic inflammation  Critical for healthy metabolism, blood sugar, and obesity prevention  Produces acetate and propionate, two of the most powerful anti- inflammatory short-chain fatty acids besides butyrate  Low levels associated with obesity and metabolic dysfunction  High levels make it more likely that weight loss regimens will be effective
6. Metabolic Powerhouse  Design: The intervention consisted of a 6-week CR period followed by a 6-week weight stabilisation diet in overweight and obese adults (N=49, including 41 women). Faecal A. muciniphila abundance, faecal microbial gene richness, diet and bioclinical parameters were measured at baseline and after CR and weight stabilisation.  Results: At baseline A. muciniphila was inversely related to fasting glucose, waist-to-hip ratio and subcutaneous adipocyte diameter. Subjects with higher A. muciniphila abundance exhibited the healthiest metabolic status, particularly in fasting plasma glucose, plasma triglycerides and body fat distribution. Individuals with higher baseline A. muciniphila displayed greater improvement in insulin sensitivity markers and other clinical parameters after CR.  Conclusions: A. muciniphila is associated with a healthier metabolic status and better clinical outcomes after CR in overweight/obese adults. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26100928/
7. Foods that Boost Akkermansia • Increase intake of foods that contain red polyphenols • Fruits: red (Concord) grape, cranberry, red apple (skin), pomegranate, and dragonfruit, and also their juices • Other foods: red rice, red quinoa, and red potato (eat the skin)
8. Akkermansia Mechanisms • Pomegranates are high in ellagic acid (phytochemical), metabolized into urolithin-A (postbiotic), which has anti- inflammatory and anticancer compounds. • Unsweetened cranberries contain pro-anthocyanins which boost Akkermansia, thus increasing the mucosal layer. Naito, Yuji et al. "A next-generation beneficial microbe: Akkermansia muciniphila." Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition vol. 63,1 (2018): 33- 35. doi:10.3164/jcbn.18-57
9. Intermittent Fasting  Intermittent fasting may have a beneficial effect – mechanism may be due to increased consumption of available mucus while other bacteria that feed on fiber are deprived of their usual food source  One study showed that intermittent fasting, consisting of around 16-18 hours of fasting per day, led to a significant increase in akkermansia levels after 1 month  Homework – try intermittent fasting and incorporating the red colored foods
10. Questions? AKIL PALANISAMY M.D.