Prehistoric Art

Transcript

1. The  Earliest  “Ar.sts”  
   Reading:  
   Ar,orms,  214-­‐223.  
    
   Range  
   ~77,000  BCE-­‐1000  BCE  
   Paleolithic,  Mesolithic  and  
   Neolithic  Periods  
    
   Terms/Concepts:  
   decora.ve  impulse,  framing  
   devices,  “Venuses,”  
   sympathe.c  magic,  composite  
   pose,  henge,  post  and  lintel.  
   Key  Monuments:  
     Ceiling  with  Bison,  Altamira  
   Spain,  Paleolithic,  12,500  
   BCE  
     Woman  from  Willendorf,  
   Paleolithic,  24,000  BCE  
     Hall  of  the  Bulls,  Lascaux  
   Cave,  Paleolithic,  15,000  
   BCE  
     Jomon  Vessel,  Paleolithic,  
   12,000  BCE  
     Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,  
   Neolithic,  2900-­‐  1500  BCE  
   

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2. Reminder  
   Quiz  3  is  due  NEXT  THURSDAY  
   on  Blackboard.  
   

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3. Pre-­‐Human  Art  
   

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4. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  
   human  face,  from  Makapansgat,  
   South  Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.  
   (not  in  book)  
   Australopithecus  Africanus  
   

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5. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  human  face,  from  Makapansgat,  South  
   Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.  (not  in  book)  
   

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6. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  
   human  face,  from  Makapansgat,  
   South  Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.  
   (not  in  book)  
   Marcel  Duchamp,  Fountain,  1917  
   (original),  1964  (replica).  
   

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7. AT L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   I N D I A N
   O C E A N
   P A C I F I C
   O C E A N
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   A R C T I C O C E A N
   MEDITERRANEAN SEA
   BLACK
   SEA
   CASPIAN
   SEA
   Mandu Mandu Creek
   rock shelter with
   shell-bead necklace
   Apollo 11 Cave
   painted
   plaquettes
   Border Cave
   engraved pieces of
   wood and bone
   Nswatugi Cave
   Zimbabwe palette
   Patne
   engraved
   ostrich
   eggshell
   Aq Kupruq
   carved stone head
   Mal‘ta
   Mezin
   Dolní Vestonice
   ˇ
   Dolní Vestonice
   Pavlov
   Willendorf
   Galgenberg
   Vogelherd
   ohlenstein-Stadel
   Le Trou Magrite
   Geissenklösterle Sungir
   Kostienki Tolbaga
   bone figurine
   Brno
   ˇ
   Predmostí
   Avdeevo
   Blombos Cave
   incised
   rocks
   Pedra Furada
   rock shelter;
   fallen fragments
   of painted wall
   Arnhem Land
   shelters with
   abundant ochre
   Tanzania
   shelters with ochre
   pencils and palettes
   Sandy Creek 2 /
   Walkunder Arch
   rock shelter
   with paintings
   Olary/Wharton Hill
   Koonalda Cave
   finger markings on
   ceilings and walls
   Carpenter‘s Gap
   rock shelter with fallen
   fragments of painted wall
   N O R T H
   A M E R I C A
   S O U T H
   A M E R I C A
   MESOAMERICA
   B E R I N G I A
   NEW
   GUINEA
   JAVA
   BOR
   NEO
   SUMATRA
   PHILIPPINES
   mammoth
   ibex
   horse
   reindeer
   ed deer
   bison
   giant sloth
   kangaroo
   eland antelope
   cape
   buffalo
   JAPAN
   GREENLAND
   C H I N A
   AUSTRALIA
   A F R I C A
   A S I A
   S I B E R I A
   E U R O P E
   N
   0
   0
   2400 miles
   3600 kms
   I N D I A N
   O C E A N
   P A C I F I C
   O C E A N
   A T L A N T I C
   O C E A N
   A R C T I C O C E A N
   CK
   A
   CASPIAN
   SEA
   Mandu Mandu Creek
   rock shelter with
   shell-bead necklace
   Border Cave
   engraved pieces of
   wood and bone
   watugi Cave
   mbabwe palette
   Patne
   engraved
   ostrich
   eggshell
   Aq Kupruq
   carved stone head
   Mal‘ta
   in
   e
   e
   Sungir
   Kostienki Tolbaga
   bone figurine
   Avdeevo
   Pedra Furada
   rock shelter;
   fallen fragments
   of painted wall
   Arnhem Land
   shelters with
   abundant ochre
   Tanzania
   shelters with ochre
   pencils and palettes
   Sandy Creek 2 /
   Walkunder Arch
   rock shelter
   with paintings
   Olary/Wharton Hill
   Koonalda Cave
   finger markings on
   ceilings and walls
   Carpenter‘s Gap
   rock shelter with fallen
   fragments of painted wall
   N O R T H
   A M E R I C A
   S O U T H
   A M E R I C A
   MESOAMERICA
   B E R I N G I A
   NEW
   GUINEA
   JAVA
   BOR
   NEO
   SUMATRA
   PHILIPPINES
   mammoth
   ibex
   bison
   giant sloth
   kangaroo
   JAPAN
   GREENLAND
   C H I N A
   AUSTRALIA
   A S I A
   S I B E R I A
   2400 miles
   00 kms
   1 Palaeolithic Art
   coastline at height of last
   Ice Age, c. 20,000 years ago
   greatest extent of ice cover
   tundra
   steppe
   forest
   tropical forest
   desert
   main routes of colonization
   using land bridges
   parietal art find site
   portable art find site
   dominant animal,
   source of food and materials
   16k  
   50k  
   15k  
   65k  
   50k  
   60k  
   40k  
   The  Migra.on  of  Modern  Humans  
   

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8. Earliest  Cultural  Products  
   Hand  Axe,  
   Tanzania,  60,000  
   years  ago  
   Inscribed  Ocher,  
   South  Africa,  77,000  
   years  agoI   Perforated  Shells,    
   South  Africa,  75,000  years  ago  
   

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9. “Stages  of  Cultural  Evolu.on”  
    
   •  Paleolithic:  c.  120,000-­‐3,000  BP  
   •  Mesolithic:  c.  10,000-­‐3,000  BP  
   •  Neolithic:  c.  8,000-­‐1,000  BP  
   

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10. “Characteris.cs”  of  Paleolithic  
    •  Nomadic  Lifestyle  
    •  Sustaining  life  through  gathering  plants  and  
    hun.ng  
    •  Development  of  abstract  thinking  and  basic  
    problem  solving  skills.  
    •  Developing  means  of  manipula.ng  the  
    environment  and  forming  tools.  
    

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11. “Prehistoric  art  is  _________,  maybe…”  
    

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12. What  we’re  working  with…  
    Mammoth  Hut,  excava.on  at  Mezhirich,  
    Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  BCE.  
    Mammoth  Hut,  reconstruc.on  at  
    Mezhirich,  Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  
    

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13. Making  “Venuses”  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  c.  
    24,000  BCE  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Dolni  Vestonice,  Czech  
    Republic,  c.  23,000  BCE  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Lespugue,  France,  c.  
    25,000  BCE  
    

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14. Making  “Venuses”  
    =  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  c.  
    24,000  BCE  
    

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15. Photographic simulation of what a
    six-months-pregnant 26-year-old
    Caucasian female of average weight
    sees when looking down while
    standing.
    Woman from Willendorf (Austria). c.
    24,000 BCE. Limestone, height
    approx. 4z. Cast of Figurine,
    Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.
    Arms  
    

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16. Making  “Venuses”  
    Woman  (“Venus”)  of  
    Willendorf,  Austria,  c.  
    24,000  BCE  
    ≠  
    

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17. Discovered in 1879.
    Altamira
    

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18. María, daughter of Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, who participated in discovery
    of paintings at Altamira in November 1879.
    

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19. “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  BCE  
    

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20. Major  Theories  about  Cave  Pain.ngs  
    •  “Art  for  Art’s  
    Sake”  (Picasso)  
    •  Sympathe.c  Magic  
    (Salomon  Reinach/Abbe  
    Henri  Breuil)  
    •  Symbolic  Systems  (Andre  
    Leroi-­‐Gourhan)  
    •  Cross-­‐Chronological  
    Comparison  (J.G.  Frazer  &  
    David  Lewis-­‐Williams)  
    •  Neuropsychological  
    Model  
    “Cave  Opening  Art”  The  New  Yorker  
    March  15,  1999  
    

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21. Lascaux  
    

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22. Map of Major Paintings
    Lascaux, France
    c.15,000 BCE
    

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23. “Hall  of  the  Bulls,”  Lascaux,  France,  15,000  BCE  
    

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24. “Bird-­‐headed  man  with  bison”  Lascaux,  France,  c.  15,000  BCE,  
    

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25. Deer  Fat  Lamp  from  Lascaux,  
    Dordogne,  France,  c.  17,000  BP    
    

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26. Film still. Fantastic Mr. Fox. 2009. Directed by Wes Anderson. Twentieth
    Century Fox Film Corporation.
    “We  have  invented  nothing  in  12,000  years.”  Anributed  to  Picasso  
    “Art  for  Art’s  Sake”  
    

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27. Pablo  Picasso,  Bull:  Stages  I-­‐VIII,  1945.  
     
    “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  
    BCE  
    “Aoer  Altamira,  all  is  decadence.”  
    

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28. Characteris.cs  of  Neolithic  
    •  Widespread  development  of  permanent  
    senlements  that  lasted  longer  than  a  single  
    genera.on.  
    •  More  care  taken  with  burial.  
    •  Development  of  more  permanent  
    architecture.  
    •  Development  of  trade  networks.  
    •  Domes.ca.on  of  plants  and  animals.  
    

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29. Partial map of Prehistoric Europe and Near East.
    

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30. Houses,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
    

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31. Reconstruction drawing of Çatalhöyük,
    with tending of goats.
    Schematic reconstruction drawing of
    a section of Level VI. Çatalhöyük
    (Turkey). c.6000-5000 BCE.
    

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32. Reconstruction drawing of a house in Çatalhöyük. c.7400-6200 BCE.
    (illustrated on Stokstad page 15)
    House,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
    

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33. Landscape with volcanic eruption (?), from copy of wall painting at Çatalhöyük.
    c.6150 BCE.
    View of Mt. Hasan (Hasan Dağ), Turkey.
    

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34. Partial map of Prehistoric Europe and Near East.
    

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35. Great stone tower built into
    the settlement wall
    Jericho
    c.8000-7000 BCE
    

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36. Plastered  Skull,  Jericho,7000-­‐6000  BCE  
    

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37. Jericho,  Israel,  c.  7000  BCE.    
    

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38. Jericho   Çatalhöyük  
    

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