Prehistoric Art

Transcript

1. The  Earliest  “Ar.sts”   Reading:   Ar,orms,  214-­‐223.     Range   ~77,000  BCE-­‐1000  BCE   Paleolithic,  Mesolithic  and   Neolithic  Periods     Terms/Concepts:   decora.ve  impulse,  framing   devices,  “Venuses,”   sympathe.c  magic,  composite   pose,  henge,  post  and  lintel.   Key  Monuments:     Ceiling  with  Bison,  Altamira   Spain,  Paleolithic,  12,500   BCE     Woman  from  Willendorf,   Paleolithic,  24,000  BCE     Hall  of  the  Bulls,  Lascaux   Cave,  Paleolithic,  15,000   BCE     Jomon  Vessel,  Paleolithic,   12,000  BCE     Stonehenge,  Salisbury  Plain,   Neolithic,  2900-­‐  1500  BCE  
2. Reminder   Quiz  3  is  due  NEXT  THURSDAY   on  Blackboard.  
3. Pre-­‐Human  Art  
4. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a   human  face,  from  Makapansgat,   South  Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.   (not  in  book)   Australopithecus  Africanus  
5. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a  human  face,  from  Makapansgat,  South   Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.  (not  in  book)  
6. Waterworn  pebble  resembling  a   human  face,  from  Makapansgat,   South  Africa,  ca.  3,000,000  BCE.   (not  in  book)   Marcel  Duchamp,  Fountain,  1917   (original),  1964  (replica).  
7. AT L A N T I C O C E A N I N D I A N O C E A N P A C I F I C O C E A N A T L A N T I C O C E A N A R C T I C O C E A N MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA Mandu Mandu Creek rock shelter with shell-bead necklace Apollo 11 Cave painted plaquettes Border Cave engraved pieces of wood and bone Nswatugi Cave Zimbabwe palette Patne engraved ostrich eggshell Aq Kupruq carved stone head Mal‘ta Mezin Dolní Vestonice ˇ Dolní Vestonice Pavlov Willendorf Galgenberg Vogelherd ohlenstein-Stadel Le Trou Magrite Geissenklösterle Sungir Kostienki Tolbaga bone figurine Brno ˇ Predmostí Avdeevo Blombos Cave incised rocks Pedra Furada rock shelter; fallen fragments of painted wall Arnhem Land shelters with abundant ochre Tanzania shelters with ochre pencils and palettes Sandy Creek 2 / Walkunder Arch rock shelter with paintings Olary/Wharton Hill Koonalda Cave finger markings on ceilings and walls Carpenter‘s Gap rock shelter with fallen fragments of painted wall N O R T H A M E R I C A S O U T H A M E R I C A MESOAMERICA B E R I N G I A NEW GUINEA JAVA BOR NEO SUMATRA PHILIPPINES mammoth ibex horse reindeer ed deer bison giant sloth kangaroo eland antelope cape buffalo JAPAN GREENLAND C H I N A AUSTRALIA A F R I C A A S I A S I B E R I A E U R O P E N 0 0 2400 miles 3600 kms I N D I A N O C E A N P A C I F I C O C E A N A T L A N T I C O C E A N A R C T I C O C E A N CK A CASPIAN SEA Mandu Mandu Creek rock shelter with shell-bead necklace Border Cave engraved pieces of wood and bone watugi Cave mbabwe palette Patne engraved ostrich eggshell Aq Kupruq carved stone head Mal‘ta in e e Sungir Kostienki Tolbaga bone figurine Avdeevo Pedra Furada rock shelter; fallen fragments of painted wall Arnhem Land shelters with abundant ochre Tanzania shelters with ochre pencils and palettes Sandy Creek 2 / Walkunder Arch rock shelter with paintings Olary/Wharton Hill Koonalda Cave finger markings on ceilings and walls Carpenter‘s Gap rock shelter with fallen fragments of painted wall N O R T H A M E R I C A S O U T H A M E R I C A MESOAMERICA B E R I N G I A NEW GUINEA JAVA BOR NEO SUMATRA PHILIPPINES mammoth ibex bison giant sloth kangaroo JAPAN GREENLAND C H I N A AUSTRALIA A S I A S I B E R I A 2400 miles 00 kms 1 Palaeolithic Art coastline at height of last Ice Age, c. 20,000 years ago greatest extent of ice cover tundra steppe forest tropical forest desert main routes of colonization using land bridges parietal art find site portable art find site dominant animal, source of food and materials 16k   50k   15k   65k   50k   60k   40k   The  Migra.on  of  Modern  Humans  
8. Earliest  Cultural  Products   Hand  Axe,   Tanzania,  60,000   years  ago   Inscribed  Ocher,   South  Africa,  77,000   years  agoI   Perforated  Shells,     South  Africa,  75,000  years  ago  
9. “Stages  of  Cultural  Evolu.on”     •  Paleolithic:  c.  120,000-­‐3,000  BP   •  Mesolithic:  c.  10,000-­‐3,000  BP   •  Neolithic:  c.  8,000-­‐1,000  BP  
10. “Characteris.cs”  of  Paleolithic   •  Nomadic  Lifestyle   •  Sustaining  life  through  gathering  plants  and   hun.ng   •  Development  of  abstract  thinking  and  basic   problem  solving  skills.   •  Developing  means  of  manipula.ng  the   environment  and  forming  tools.  
11. “Prehistoric  art  is  _________,  maybe…”  
12. What  we’re  working  with…   Mammoth  Hut,  excava.on  at  Mezhirich,   Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  BCE.   Mammoth  Hut,  reconstruc.on  at   Mezhirich,  Ukraine,  c.  16,000-­‐10,000  
13. Making  “Venuses”   Woman  (“Venus”)  of   Willendorf,  Austria,  c.   24,000  BCE   Woman  (“Venus”)  of   Dolni  Vestonice,  Czech   Republic,  c.  23,000  BCE   Woman  (“Venus”)  of   Lespugue,  France,  c.   25,000  BCE  
14. Making  “Venuses”   =   Woman  (“Venus”)  of   Willendorf,  Austria,  c.   24,000  BCE  
15. Photographic simulation of what a six-months-pregnant 26-year-old Caucasian female of average weight sees when looking down while standing. Woman from Willendorf (Austria). c. 24,000 BCE. Limestone, height approx. 4z. Cast of Figurine, Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna. Arms  
16. Making  “Venuses”   Woman  (“Venus”)  of   Willendorf,  Austria,  c.   24,000  BCE   ≠  
17. Discovered in 1879. Altamira
18. María, daughter of Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, who participated in discovery of paintings at Altamira in November 1879.
19. “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500  BCE  
20. Major  Theories  about  Cave  Pain.ngs   •  “Art  for  Art’s   Sake”  (Picasso)   •  Sympathe.c  Magic   (Salomon  Reinach/Abbe   Henri  Breuil)   •  Symbolic  Systems  (Andre   Leroi-­‐Gourhan)   •  Cross-­‐Chronological   Comparison  (J.G.  Frazer  &   David  Lewis-­‐Williams)   •  Neuropsychological   Model   “Cave  Opening  Art”  The  New  Yorker   March  15,  1999  
21. Lascaux  
22. Map of Major Paintings Lascaux, France c.15,000 BCE
23. “Hall  of  the  Bulls,”  Lascaux,  France,  15,000  BCE  
24. “Bird-­‐headed  man  with  bison”  Lascaux,  France,  c.  15,000  BCE,  
25. Deer  Fat  Lamp  from  Lascaux,   Dordogne,  France,  c.  17,000  BP    
26. Film still. Fantastic Mr. Fox. 2009. Directed by Wes Anderson. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. “We  have  invented  nothing  in  12,000  years.”  Anributed  to  Picasso   “Art  for  Art’s  Sake”  
27. Pablo  Picasso,  Bull:  Stages  I-­‐VIII,  1945.     “Bison”  or  Aurochs,  Altamira,  Spain,  12,500   BCE   “Aoer  Altamira,  all  is  decadence.”  
28. Characteris.cs  of  Neolithic   •  Widespread  development  of  permanent   senlements  that  lasted  longer  than  a  single   genera.on.   •  More  care  taken  with  burial.   •  Development  of  more  permanent   architecture.   •  Development  of  trade  networks.   •  Domes.ca.on  of  plants  and  animals.  
29. Partial map of Prehistoric Europe and Near East.
30. Houses,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
31. Reconstruction drawing of Çatalhöyük, with tending of goats. Schematic reconstruction drawing of a section of Level VI. Çatalhöyük (Turkey). c.6000-5000 BCE.
32. Reconstruction drawing of a house in Çatalhöyük. c.7400-6200 BCE. (illustrated on Stokstad page 15) House,  Çatalhöyük,  Turkey,  c.  7400-­‐6200.  
33. Landscape with volcanic eruption (?), from copy of wall painting at Çatalhöyük. c.6150 BCE. View of Mt. Hasan (Hasan Dağ), Turkey.
34. Partial map of Prehistoric Europe and Near East.
35. Great stone tower built into the settlement wall Jericho c.8000-7000 BCE
36. Plastered  Skull,  Jericho,7000-­‐6000  BCE  
37. Jericho,  Israel,  c.  7000  BCE.    
38. Jericho   Çatalhöyük