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ruby新手读源码.pdf
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覃明圆
January 20, 2015
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ruby新手读源码.pdf
覃明圆
January 20, 2015
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Transcript
Ruby新⼿手读源码 覃明圆 薄荷科技
读源码style A. 通读源码(⽼老⼿手) B. 通过跟踪程序运⾏行栈读源码(新⼿手) C. 通过查bug读源码(新⼿手)
内省篇 introspection
None
• 说明: • 所有代码都在ruby 2.2版本正常⼯工作,2.2之前版 本有些⽅方法没有实现或实现有所差别。 • 由于时间关系,这部分代码不作演⽰示,建议⼤大家 打开console参照ppt⾃自⾏行实验。
对象 Object
1. 实例变量 • obj.instance_variables() 2-1. 所属的类 • obj.class() 2-2. 所属的本类
• obj.singleton_class()
类(class)
1. 继承信息、include 的模块 • klass.superclass() • klass.included_modules() • klass.ancestors() 2.
类变量 • klass.class_variables() 3. 定义的实例⽅方法 • klass.instance_methods()
变量(variables) 与 常量(constant)
• 实例变量属于对象(类也是对象) • obj.instance_variables()
• 类变量属于类体系结构(类,⼦子类,实例) • klass.class_variables() • sub_klass.class_variables()
• 局部变量属于作⽤用域 • local_variables()
• 全局变量属于全局 • global_variables()
常量 1. 所有顶级常量 • Module.constants() 2. 当前范围内的常量 • Module#constants()
⽅方法(method)
对象的⽅方法 • obj.methods() • obj.methods(false) • obj.singleton_methods()
⽅方法的可⻅见性 • obj.public_methods() • obj.protect_methods() • obj.private_methods()
• 获得⼀一个 method 对象 • obj.method(:require)
• 源码位置 • obj.method(:require).source_location
method 对象更多⽅方法 • meth.call • meth.receiver • meth.super_method
UnboundMethod • meth.unbind 转化为 UnboundMethod对象
• UnbondMethod 对象没有接收者(receiver) • unbind_meth.bind(obj) 转化为 Method 对象
⼯工具篇 tools
⼯工具提升⽣生产⼒力
• pry • pry-byebug(byebug) • pry-rails • pry-stack_explorer • pry-rescue
• web-console
• binding.pry 进⼊入runtime session
pry (1) • ls 列出当前的变量和⽅方法 • cd 进⼊入特定的程序上下⽂文环境 • whereami
当前context所在位置 • watch 跟踪某个变量,发⽣生变化时打印出来
pry (2) • show-source 查看⽅方法或者类定义的位置 • stat 查看⽅方法的信息
pry (3) • nesting 跟踪pry进⼊入的上下⽂文嵌套信息
byebug • step: ⼀一步步执⾏行下⼀一⾏行命令,或进⼊入下⼀一个⽅方 法。
pry-stack_explorer • show-stack:查看程序的运⾏行栈,深⼊入了解程序 运⾏行的过程 • frame:⾄至特定的frame • down / up:
跳转⾄至上⼀一个或下⼀一个frame
pry-rescue • rescue 命令 • cd-cause:Move to the exception that
caused this exception to happen • try-again:Re-try the code that caused this exception
web-console • 在浏览器提供 命令⾏行界⾯面 • 通过 console 调⽤用或者 异常 ⾃自动调⽤用
联系⽅方式:
[email protected]