Evolutionary potential of local animals

WebMaster webinar at UNS explaining how adaptation happens in our cattle.

Transcript

1. Evolutionary adaptations of local animals Sabhrina Gita Aninta Department of Biology University of Copenhagen WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
2. Babirusa from @ChesterZoo (2015) Anoa from @ChesterZoo (2020) Papilose woolly bat, (Csorba et al 2016) CC BY 3.0 Javan slow loris, (Nekaris 2011) CC BY SA 4.0 http://www.edgeofexistence.org/spec ies/attenboroughs-long-beaked- echidna/ My previous works WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
3. Background Representation of B. taurus (taurine) and B. indicus (indicine) cattle. (Marchioretto et al. 2023) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
4. What we are going to talk about • How does adaptation happen? • The importance of evolutionary history • The contribution of gene flow WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
5. What is local adaptation? • a pattern that occurs when local genotypes have higher fitness than foreign genotypes in at least two contrasting habitats (Wadgymar et al., 2022) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
6. How does it happen? Genotype Phenotype Diversification through mutation Habitat 1 Habitat 2 Natural selection Modified from Buku Materi Olimpiade TOBI (2017) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
7. Example case: white-tailed jackrabbit camouflage Ferreira et al (2023) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
8. As the climate warms, there will be less white coated jackrabbit Ferreira et al (2023) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
9. Smaller population Population size is important to maintain genetic diversity Modified from Campbell et al. (2011) Biology Genetic drift Lower fitness High mortality Inbreeding Low reproduction Loss of genetic variation Small population WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
10. However, not all individuals contribute to the next generation • Unequal sex ratio • Variable reproductive success • Stochastic population size change Ne N https://emojipedia.org/emojipedia/ Census population size Effective population size WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
11. ? Future Present Past Effective population size (Ne ) Evolutionary potential can be inferred from evolutionary history WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
12. How are the evolutionary history of our cattles? WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
13. Banteng/bali cattle diverged after the Sundaland mass were submerged Bibi (2013) Hall (2013) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
14. However, genus Bos were known for pervasive introgression Wu et al (2018) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
15. Gene flow can be a source of important genetic variation Aguillon et al (2022) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
16. Gene flow can be a source of important genetic variation Aguillon et al (2022) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
17. Example: Bos javanicus introgression to East Asian indicine Chen et al (2022) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
18. Haemoglobin-related variants from various bovine on East Asian indicine mtDNA Chen et al (2023) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
19. Indicine may not be able to disperse without introgression of other Bos! Bibi (2013) Chen et al (2023) WebMaster Series #8, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 8th May 2024
20. This may be true for our local cattle Wang and Nursyifa et al ., in prep (2024)
21. Conclusion • Evolutionary adaptation is a long process and may not be recovered once lost • Population size is an important factor to maintain genetic diversity and consequently, evolutionary potential • Introgression can be a source of adaptive variation
22. Slide can be accessed on https://speakerdeck.com/sagitaninta @sagitaninta