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インタラクティブなメディアの地図投影法: WebメルカトルからAdaptive Project...

インタラクティブなメディアの地図投影法: WebメルカトルからAdaptive Projectionsへ / MIERUNE 社内勉強会 #033

"Map Projection for Interactive Media: From Web Mercator to Adaptive Projections"

MIERUNE社内勉強会 https://mierune.github.io/mierune-log/

Mapbox GL JS デモ https://observablehq.com/@sorami/adaptive-projections-mapbox-gl-js-v2-6

Sorami Hisamoto

June 16, 2022
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  1. ΠϯλϥΫςΟϒ  ͳ  ϝσ ΟΞ  ͷ  ஍ਤ౤Ө๏

    .*&36/&ࣾ಺ษڧձ  IJTBNPUP アポロ8号からの「地球の出」 (1968) NASA/GSFC/Reto Stöckli, Nazmi El Saleous, and Marit Jentoft-Nilsen, パブリック・ドメイン https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earth_from_Space.jpg 8FCϝϧΧτϧ͔Β"EBQUJWF1SPKFDUJPOT΁
  2. !"#$% '()*+ ビハインド・ザ・カーブ -地球平面説- | Net fl ix https://www.net fl

    ix.com/rs/title/81015076 フォント: 暗黒工房 日本語フリーホラーフォント「吐き溜フォント」 http://www.ankokukoubou.com/font/hakidame.htm
  3. Behind the Curve - Of fi cial Release Trailer -

    YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuAoQsrYJqI
  4. ༷ʑͳํ๏ͰʮٿʯΛʮ໘ʯ΁ࣸ͠ͱΔ 
 ҎԼ͸ʮܗঢ়ʯʹΑΔ෼ྨ͜ͷଞʹ΋ෳ߹ܥ΍ɺଟ໘ମɺͳͲͳͲ 図: John P. Snyder 1987, “Map projections:

    A working manual”, U.S. Government Printing Of fi ce p.6, Figure 1 https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1395 ԁ౵ ԁਲ਼ ํҐ $ZMJOESJDBM $POJD "[JNVUIBM
  5. ϝϧΧτϧਤ๏ԁ౵ਤ๏ͷҰछ D3.jsにより生成したメルカトル図法の世界地図 コード: Mike Bostockによるものを変更 データ: Natural Earth (World Atlas

    TopoJSON) https://observablehq.com/@sorami/world-map-canvas-with-tissots-indicatrices . F S D B U P S  1 S P K F D U J P O $POGPSNBM
  6. ϝϧΧτϧਤ๏ԁ౵ਤ๏ͷҰछ D3.jsにより生成したメルカトル図法の世界地図 コード: Mike Bostockによるものを変更 データ: Natural Earth (World Atlas

    TopoJSON) https://observablehq.com/@sorami/world-map-canvas-with-tissots-indicatrices ผ໊ʮਖ਼֯ ԁ౵ ਤ๏ʯ ਖ਼֯Ͳͷ఺ͷͲͷ֯౓΋ਖ਼͘͠౤Ө͞ΕΔ . F S D B U P S  1 S P K F D U J P O $POGPSNBM
  7. ϝϧΧτϧਤ๏ԁ౵ਤ๏ͷҰछ D3.jsにより生成したメルカトル図法の世界地図 コード: Mike Bostockによるものを変更 データ: Natural Earth (World Atlas

    TopoJSON) https://observablehq.com/@sorami/world-map-canvas-with-tissots-indicatrices ผ໊ʮਖ਼֯ ԁ౵ ਤ๏ʯ ਖ਼֯Ͳͷ఺ͷͲͷ֯౓΋ਖ਼͘͠౤Ө͞ΕΔ . F S D B U P S  1 S P K F D U J P O େߤւ࣌୅ɺધ৐Γʹศརʂ ʢ౳֯ߤ࿏ʣ 
 ೥ͳͲͦΕҎલʹ΋ࣅͨ஍ਤ͕͋Γɺ൴͕ൃҊऀͰ͸ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ݟղ΋͋Δͦ͏ 
 ࢀߟ.FSDBUPSQSPKFDUJPO8JLJQFEJB 
 IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ.FSDBUPS@QSPKFDUJPO ήϥϧυΡεɾϝϧΧτϧ 
  画像: メルカトルを描いた絵, パブリック・ドメイン https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gerardus_Mercator.jpg $POGPSNBM
  8. Connormah, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greenland_(orthographic_projection).svg Martin23230, CC BY-SA 3.0

    <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0> https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Africa_(orthographic_projection).svg ଞͷ౤Өྫਖ਼ࣹਤ๏ 0SUIPHSBQIJD1SPKFDUJPO ʮे෼ʹԕ͔͘Βݟͨ࣌ͷ༷ࢠʯ
  9. ͡Ό͋ɺͦͷʮ஍ٿّϏϡʔʯͰղܾʁ ਖ਼ࣹਤ๏΋ਖ਼ੵͰ͸ͳ͍ʢͦͯ͠ਖ਼֯Ͱ΋ͳ͍ʣ 
 पล΁ߦ͘ʹͭΕ࿪Έ͕େ͖͘ͳΔ ൒ٿ͔͠ݟ͑ͳ͍ 
 ʮશੈքʯΛҰ໨ͰݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ 😱 😨 ྫ໌҉ڥքઢ

    ΦϨϯδ৭ͷ஍Ҭʹଠཅޫ͕౰͍ͨͬͯΔ 
 ਤ.JLF#PTUPDLͷίʔυΛมߋ͠IJTBNPUP࡞੒ʢਖ਼ࣹਤ๏ φνϡϥϧΞʔεਤ๏ʣ IUUQTPCTFSWBCMFIRDPN!TPSBNJTPMBSUFSNJOBUPSJOEJGGFSFOUQSPKFDUJPOT
  10. ๺ே઱ʹΑΔϛαΠϧສLN ສLNࣹఔڑ཭ 図: Esri, ArcUser Online, “Understanding Geodesic Buffering” Figure

    1, Figure 2 https://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0111/geodesic.html ࠨ͚ͩݟͨΒɺୈײͰ͸ਖ਼͘͠ࢥ͑ͯ͠·͏ 
 ʮԤभ΍ΞϝϦΧ͸ࣹఔ֎ʜʁʯ ͱ͋Δ৽ฉ ʹܝࡌ͞Εͨਤ मਖ਼͞Εͨਤ * The Economist, 2003
  11. 8FCϝϧΧτϧ&14( ϝϧΧτϧਤ๏Λ༻͍ͨ౤Ө࠲ඪܥ 
 8FC஍ਤʹ͓͚ΔσϑΝΫτελϯμʔυ * 本当は少し歪む (後述) ʮ֗࿏ͷφϏʯʹ౎߹͕ྑ͍ 
 Ͳͷڱ͍ൣғΛ੾Γऔͬͯ΋ܗঢ়͕࿪ΜͰ͍ͳ͍

    
 ֯౓ɾํ޲͕อͨΕ͍ͯΔ 
 ஍ਤͷʮ্ʯ͕ৗʹʮ๺ʯ Ң౓˃Ҏ্Λ੾Γࣺ͍ͯͯΔ 
 ˠੈք͕ਅ࢛֯TRVBSFʹͳΔ 
 ˠ஍ਤλΠϧʢ࣍ทʣ
  12. ஍ਤλΠϧੈք஍ਤΛ෼ׂ͍ͯ͘͠ ζʔϜϨϕϧ ζʔϜϨϕϧ ζʔϜϨϕϧ 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 2/0/0

    2/1/0 2/2/0 2/3/0 2/0/1 2/1/1 2/2/1 2/3/1 2/0/2 2/1/2 2/2/2 2/3/2 2/0/3 2/1/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 ֤λΠϧΛʮlζʔϜϨϕϧzl9࠲ඪzl:࠲ඪzʯͰࣔ͢ ʮ֤λΠϧͷσʔλʯΛ༻ҙ͓͖ͯ͠ɺඞཁͳ΋ͷ͚ͩ౎౓഑৴͢Δ
  13. ʮ8FCϝϧΧτϧҎ֎Λ࢖͓͏ɺϚδͰʯ Use Literally Anything but Web Mercator - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-ENwz5u7pE

    ໘ੵ్͕ํ΋ͳ͘࿪ΜͰද͞ΕΔ ๺ۃɾೆۃΛදͤͳ͍ ࢛͍֯ܗ͸ʮੈք͕ฏΒʯͱ͍͏ҹ৅Λ༩͑Δ ̈
  14. ʮ8FCϝϧΧτϧҎ֎Λ࢖͓͏ɺϚδͰʯ Use Literally Anything but Web Mercator - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-ENwz5u7pE

    ໘ੵ్͕ํ΋ͳ͘࿪ΜͰද͞ΕΔ ๺ۃɾೆۃΛදͤͳ͍ ࢛͍֯ܗ͸ʮੈք͕ฏΒʯͱ͍͏ҹ৅Λ༩͑Δ 8FCϝϧΧτϧ͸ʮ஍ٿପԁମ8(4 ʯʹରͯ͠ ʮٿମ΁ͷϝϧΧτϧެࣜʯΛ༻͍͍ͯΔͨΊ ݫີʹ͸ਖ਼֯Ͱ͸ͳ͍  
 
 ͦ͏͍ͬͨཧ༝͔ΒɺΞϝϦΧࠃ๷૯ল͸ެࣜͰͷར༻Λ༰ೝ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 
 ʢࢀߟIUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ[email protected]@QSPKFDUJPODJUF@OPUF/("OPUJDF  
 ̈&14(͸౰ॳɺίʔυͷׂΓ౰ͯΛڋ൱ͨ͠ʢʮٕज़తͳ໰୊͕͋ΓɺؚΊͯ͠·͏ͱ%#ͷՁ஋ΛଛͶΔʯʣ 
 ඇެࣜʹz(00(-&zΛ΋ͬͨ͡z&14(zͱ͍͏ίʔυͰݺ͹Ε0QFO-BZFSTʹऔΓೖΕΒΕͨ 
 ʢࢀߟIUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ[email protected]@QSPKFDUJPO ̈
  15. ʮ8FCϝϧΧτϧҎ֎Λ࢖͓͏ɺϚδͰʯ Use Literally Anything but Web Mercator - YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-ENwz5u7pE

    ໘ੵ్͕ํ΋ͳ͘࿪ΜͰද͞ΕΔ ๺ۃɾೆۃΛදͤͳ͍ ࢛͍֯ܗ͸ʮੈք͕ฏΒʯͱ͍͏ҹ৅Λ༩͑Δ 8FCϝϧΧτϧ͸ʮ஍ٿପԁମ8(4 ʯʹରͯ͠ ʮٿମ΁ͷϝϧΧτϧެࣜʯΛ༻͍͍ͯΔͨΊ ݫີʹ͸ਖ਼֯Ͱ͸ͳ͍  
 
 ͦ͏͍ͬͨཧ༝͔ΒɺΞϝϦΧࠃ๷૯ল͸ެࣜͰͷར༻Λ༰ೝ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ 
 ʢࢀߟIUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ[email protected]@QSPKFDUJPODJUF@OPUF/("OPUJDF  
 ̈&14(͸౰ॳɺίʔυͷׂΓ౰ͯΛڋ൱ͨ͠ʢʮٕज़తͳ໰୊͕͋ΓɺؚΊͯ͠·͏ͱ%#ͷՁ஋ΛଛͶΔʯʣ 
 ඇެࣜʹz(00(-&zΛ΋ͬͨ͡z&14(zͱ͍͏ίʔυͰݺ͹Ε0QFO-BZFSTʹऔΓೖΕΒΕͨ 
 ʢࢀߟIUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ[email protected]@QSPKFDUJPO 8FCϝϧΧτϧ͸શͯΛ࿪·ͤΔ 
 ܗ ֯౓ ໘ੵ ڑ཭ ํ޲ ౳֯ߤ࿏ ίϯύεํҐ ʜ ̈
  16. Kenneth Field “Mercator, it’s not hip to be square” (Esri

    ArcGIS Blog) https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-pro/mapping/mercator-its-not-hip-to-be-square/
  17. l1VMQ'JDUJPOz  .JSBNBY'JMNT Kenneth Field “Mercator, it’s not hip to

    be square” (Esri ArcGIS Blog) https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-pro/mapping/mercator-its-not-hip-to-be-square/
  18. Ң ౓ ζʔϜ ۃ஍͕ݟ͑ΔɺճసՄೳ ۃ஍͕ݟ͑ͳ͍ ਖ਼ੵ ਖ਼֯ ં஭ େ཮ɺΑΓখ͞ͳΤϦΞ ൒ٿ

    ੈք l"EBQUJWF$PNQPTJUF.BQ1SPKFDUJPOTz #FSOIBSE+FOOZ   *&&&5SBOTBDUJPOTPO7JTVBMJ[BUJPOBOE$PNQVUFS(SBQIJDT
  19. Reimagining projections for the interactive maps era | Mapbox Blog

    https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-projections ࣌͸ܦͪɺͦͯ͠೥݄ 
 .BQCPY(-+4W 
 ݱ୅ͷ8FC஍ਤٕज़Ͱ"EBQUJWF1SPKFDUJPOTΛ࣮૷
  20. 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 2/0/0 2/1/0 2/2/0 2/3/0 2/0/1

    2/1/1 2/2/1 2/3/1 2/0/2 2/1/2 2/2/2 2/3/2 2/0/3 2/1/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 λΠϧํ͕ࣜීٴͨ͠ݱ୅ͷ8FC஍ਤ ΋͠ҧ͏౤Ө๏Λ࢖͏৔߹ʹ͸ɺ શͯͷσʔλΛ࠶ॲཧ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ😰
  21. 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 2/0/0 2/1/0 2/2/0 2/3/0 2/0/1

    2/1/1 2/2/1 2/3/1 2/0/2 2/1/2 2/2/2 2/3/2 2/0/3 2/1/3 2/2/3 2/3/3 λΠϧํ͕ࣜීٴͨ͠ݱ୅ͷ8FC஍ਤ ΋͠ҧ͏౤Ө๏Λ࢖͏৔߹ʹ͸ɺ શͯͷσʔλΛ࠶ॲཧ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ😰 .BQCPYͷྫ ζʔϜϨϕϧ·Ͱͷϕʔε஍ਤλΠϧ ܭ ԯຕҎ্ 
 ౤Ө๏͝ͱʹੜ੒͓ͯ͘͠ͷ͸ඇݱ࣮త😱
  22. 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 MW MW 地図: ©︎ Mapbox

    ©︎ OpenStreetMap ϝϧΧτϧ ʜ ඇϝϧΧτϧ ζʔϜϨϕϧͷఆٛ
  23. ζʔϜϨϕϧͷఆٛ 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 MW MW 地図: ©︎

    Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap ϝϧΧτϧ ʜ ඇϝϧΧτϧ ͜Ε·Ͱͷఆٛ͸੒Γཱͨͳ͍ 
 λΠϧ΋ੈք΋ɺ΋͸΍ʮ࣠ʹԊ࢛ͬͨ֯ʯͰ͸ͳ͍ ௚ײతʹ͸ʮಉ͡Ϩϕϧɾத৺ʯͰɺ 
 ͍͍ͩͨಉ͡ΤϦΞΛΧόʔ ܗͷαΠζײ΋ಉఔ౓
  24. ζʔϜϨϕϧͷఆٛ 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 MW MW 地図: ©︎

    Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap ϝϧΧτϧ ʜ ඇϝϧΧτϧ ɹɹɹ೚ҙͷΤϦΞΛࢀর఺ͱͯ͠ࢦఆ ɹɹɹ࠶౤Ө࠲ඪͰͷαΠζΛࢉग़ ɹɹɹϝϧΧτϧ࠲ඪͰͷαΠζΛࢉग़ ɹɹɹ྆ऀͷαΠζ͕߹͏Α͏ʹ౤ӨΛௐ੔ 図: Reimagining projections for the interactive maps era | Mapbox Blog https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-projections
  25. ζʔϜϨϕϧͷఆٛ 0/0/0 1/0/0 1/0/1 1/1/0 1/1/1 MW MW 地図: ©︎

    Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap ϝϧΧτϧ ʜ ඇϝϧΧτϧ ʮ೚ҙͷࢀর఺ʯ͸Ͳ͕͜Α͍ʁ 
 
 ʮݻఆʢੈքͷத৺ͱ͔ʣʯˠ཭ΕΔʹͭΕࠩҟ͕֦େ 
 ʮը໘ͷத৺ʯˠը໘Λύϯ͢ΔͱζʔϜ͕มԽ ௿ζʔϜϨϕϧݻఆʢ౤Өͷத৺ʣ 
 ˠύϯͯ͠΋ੈքͷܗ͕มΘΒͳ͍ɺζʔϜ͠ͳ͍ ߴζʔϜϨϕϧը໘ͷத৺ 
 ˠύϯൣғ͕ͦΕ΄Ͳେ͖ͳڑ཭Ͱ͸ͳ͍ͨΊɺεέʔϧมԽ͸໨ཱͨͳ͍ 
 
 ͦͷؒ͸྆ํΛ࢖͍ɺεʔϜζʹҠߦͤ͞Δ
  26. ํ֯ͷௐ੔ 地図: ©︎ Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap ௿ζʔϜϨϕϧʮ౤Өͷத৺͔Βਅ্ʯ͕ʮ๺ʯ 
 ˠύϯͯ͠΋஍ਤ͸ճస͠ͳ͍ ߴζʔϜϨϕϧʮը໘ͷத৺͔Βਅ্ʯ͕ʮ๺ʯ

    
 ˠϝϧΧτϧͱಉ༷ʹɺ஍ٿ্ͷͲͷ஍఺Ͱ΋๺͕ਅ্ 
 ύϯͨ࣌͠ͷճస͸໨ཱͨͳ͍ 
 
 ͦͷؒ͸྆ํΛ࢖͍ɺεʔϜζʹҠߦͤ͞Δ
  27. ࿪Έͷิਖ਼ 地図: ©︎ Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap ˠ࿪ΈΛิਖ਼͠ਖ਼֯ʹ͢Δ 
 ઢΛ௚֯΁ɺॎԣͷڑ཭Λ౳͘͠ ΞϑΟϯม׵

    
 
 図: RobHar, パブリックドメイン https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VerticalShear_m%3D1.25.svg 8FC(-ͷWJFXNBUSJYΛิਖ਼ 
 ˠ(16ͰϦΞϧλΠϜద༻ εέʔϧɾํ֯ͱಉ༷ʹɺζʔϜϨϕϧʹ߹ΘͤͯҠߦ λΠϧͷϩʔυ࣌ʹ࠲ඪ࠶౤Ө 
 ζʔϜ࣌ʹͦͷ࠲ඪΛิਖ਼ 
 ˠϢʔβʔૢ࡞ʹΑΔΦʔόʔϔουͳ͠ ʮߴ౓ͳมܗෆۉ౳ʹͻͶΔͱ͔ʯΑΓ΋ ࣗવʹײ͡Δ
  28. λΠϧͷϩʔσ Οϯάઓུ 図: Reimagining projections for the interactive maps era

    | Mapbox Blog https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-projections ͨͩʮ࢛͍֯λΠϧΛෑ͖٧ΊΔʯΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ ಉ͡ζʔϜϨϕϧͰ΋ɺ৔ॴʹΑͬͯλΠϧͷαΠζ͕ҟͳΔ 
 ˠಉҰϏϡʔͰɺҟͳΔζʔϜϨϕϧͷλΠϧΛऔಘ
  29. ϕΫλʔͷϦαϯϓϦϯά ʮ৽͍͠࠲ඪͷࢉग़ʯ͚ͩͰ͸ෆे෼ ਅͬ௚͙ͩͬͨʮઢʯʮϙϦΰϯͷηά ϝϯτʯ͕ۂ͕ΔՄೳੑ ۉҰͰ͸ͳ͘ɺՕॴʹԠͯ͡௥Ճ 
 ʮઢͷதԝ΁௥Ճʯ 
 ʮ఺Ͱ෼ׂͯ͠Ͱ͖ͨͭͷηά ϝϯτɺͦΕͧΕͷதԝ΁௥Ճʯ

    
 Λ࠶ىతʹ܁Γฦ͢ 
 
 యܕతͳ஍ਤͰɺͷ఺Λ௥Ճ͢Δ͚ͩͰɺ 
 ࠶౤ӨͷزԿΛਖ਼͘͠ϨϯμϦϯάͰ͖Δ ˠΧʔϒΛ࡞ΔͨΊɺ ɹؒʹɺ఺Λ૿΍͢ 図: Reimagining projections for the interactive maps era | Mapbox Blog https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-projections ʜ఺͕ଟ͍ͱɺϨϯμϦϯάͷύϑΥʹӨڹ ݮΒ͗͢͠Δͱɺઢͱ౤Ө͕ෆҰக
  30. ϥελʔͷ࠶౤ӨӴ੕ը૾ϨΠϠʔͳͲ ʮϝϧΧτϧͷը૾ʯΛϩʔυͯ͠ɺ࿪ΜͩλΠϧ΁౤Ө͢Δ 図: Reimagining projections for the interactive maps era

    | Mapbox Blog https://www.mapbox.com/blog/adaptive-projections 8FC(-୔ࢁͷʮখ͞ͳࡾ֯ܗʯ΁෼ׂ 
 ࡾ֯ͷ਺͕গͳ͍ํ͕ɺϨϯμϦϯά͸଎͍ .BQCPY͕೥લʹެ։ͨ͠ ʮ."35*/*ʯ 
 lϥελߴ౓஍ਤz͔Βz%஍ܗϝογϡzΛϦΞϧλΠϜੜ੒ 
 ˠશ͘ಉ͡Ξϓϩʔν͕࢖͑Δ ʮ࠶౤ӨʹΑΓΤοδ͕ͲΕ͘Β͍Χʔϒ͢Δ͔ʯΛ΋ͱʹ 
 ˠ࿪Έͷখ͍͞ΤϦΞ͸ࡾ֯Λগͳ͘ɺେ͖͍ΤϦΞ͸ଟ͘
  31. ਖ਼ੵ ਖ਼֯ ં஭ ਖ਼ڑ Ξϧϕϧεਖ਼ੵԁਲ਼ਤ๏ 
 /:λΠϜζͷબڍ஍ਤɺ ࠃ౔஍ཧӃͷ ʮશࠃ౎ಓ෎ݝࢢ۠ொଜผ໘ੵௐʯͰ࠾༻ ΠίʔϧΞʔεਤ๏

    
 ೥ఏҊɻ "EBQUJWF1SPKFDUJPOT࿦จͷஶऀΛؚΉ ϝϧΧτϧਤ๏ 
 TRVBSFͳϠπɻ σϑΥϧτઃఆ ϥϯϕϧτਖ਼֯ԁਲ਼ਤ๏ 
 ఱؾਤɺߤۭਤɺ஍ܗਤɺͳͲɻ ࠃ౔஍ཧӃʮສ෼ͷ஍ํਤʯ΍ ʮສ෼ͷࠃࡍਤʯͰ࠾༻ ϰΟϯέϧਤ๏ ୈਤ๏  φγϣφϧδΦάϥϑΟοΫڠձ͕ ೥ʹ࠾༻ φνϡϥϧΞʔεਤ๏ ೥ఏҊ ਖ਼ڑԁ౵ਤ๏ Ңઢɾܦઢ͕௚͔֯ͭ౳ִؒʹަࠩɻ ඪ४Ңઢ্ͱॎํ޲ʹؔͯ͠ਖ਼ڑ “equalEarth” “albers” “mercator” “winkelTripel” “lambertConformalConic” “naturalEarth” “equirectangular” ࠓɺ.BQCPYͰ࢖͑Δ౤Ө๏ 地図: ©︎ Mapbox ©︎ OpenStreetMap
  32. ʮେؾʯͷελΠϧ΋ม͑ΒΕΔ Mapbox Globe atmosphere style · Issue #11934 · mapbox/mapbox-gl-js

    https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-js/issues/11934 
 (図のオリジナルは Issue #10784 の mpulkki-mapbox によるもの) “Atmosphere playground with globe”, Anna Peery https://codepen.io/avpeery/pen/eYVeKVB
  33. -FB fl FU Proj4Leaflet Proj4Lea fl et - Support all

    projections and CRS in Lea fl et http://kartena.github.io/Proj4Lea fl et/ kartena/Proj4Lea fl et: Smooth Proj4js integration with Lea fl et. https://github.com/kartena/Proj4Lea fl et ʢߋ৽͸ࢭ·͍ͬͯΔʁʣ ࠲ඪܥม׵ϥΠϒϥϦʮ130++4ʯʹΑΔ
  34. 0QFO-BZFST OpenLayers - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) https://openlayers.org/en/latest/doc/faq.html Reprojection with

    EPSG.io Search https://openlayers.org/en/latest/examples/reprojection-by-code.html l΄ͱΜͲͷ౤Ө๏ʹରԠՄೳz
  35. Google マップ( ©︎ Google / 地図データ ©︎ 2022 Google, INEGI)

    https://maps.google.com/ Apple マップ ( ©︎ Apple Inc.) https://www.apple.com/jp/maps/ (PPHMFϚοϓ "QQMFϚοϓͰ͸ ਖ਼ࣹਤ๏΁ͷ"EBQUJWF1SPKFDUJPO͕࣮૷͞Εͨ
  36. Globe view - Earth is not fl at · Issue

    #307 · maplibre/maplibre-gl-js https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js/issues/307
  37. Globe view - Earth is not fl at · Issue

    #307 · maplibre/maplibre-gl-js https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-gl-js/issues/307
  38. ɹ͜͜Ͱ͍͏ʮཧղʯͱ͸ԿͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ 
 ͦΕ͸ɺ͋͘·Ͱ΋ʮਓؒʹͱͬͯʯͷཧղͰ͋Γɺ 
 ਓؒͷ࣋ͭ஌ੑʹରͯ͠૬ରతͰ͋Δ֓೦Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱʹ 
 ஫ҙ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ 
 ࢲͨͪΑΓ͸Δ͔ʹਐΜͩ஌ੑͩͬͨΒɺ 


    ԯݸͷύϥϝλΛ࣋ͭਂ૚χϡʔϥϧωοτͰ͑͞ɺ 
 ࢲ͕ͨͪઢܗճؼࣜΛཧղͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹཧղͰ͖Δͷ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜɻ ΋͠ʮՊֶʯ͕ීวతͳ΋ͷͰ͋Δͷͩͱ͢Ε͹ɺͦΕ͕ɺ 
 ͨ·ͨ·ࠓͷਓؒͷ஌ੑϨϕϧʹറΒΕͯΑ͍΋ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɻ ͦͷ੍໿Λղ͖์ͭͷ͕ʮߴ࣍ݩՊֶʯͩͱࢥ͏ͷͰ͢ɻ “ ” 高次元科学への誘い:Hiroshi Maruyama's Blog - CNET Japan https://japan.cnet.com/blog/maruyama/2019/05/01/entry_30022958/ (強調引用者)
  39. ਓؒͷೝ஌ೳྗͷݶքͷͨΊʹɺߴ࣍ݩͷϞσϧ͸ 
 ਓؒͷཧղΛ௒͑Δͱ͍͏ͷ͸ͦͷ௨Γͩͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ 
 ͨͩɺʮຊ౰ʹਓؒͷཧղྗΛ֦ுͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷ͔ʁʯ ͱ͍͏ٙ໰͸ཹอ͍ͨ͠Ͱ͢ɻ 
 ͔ͨ͠ʹɺਓؒͷ೴ͷϋʔυ΢ΣΞ͸Կສ೥΋มԽ͓ͯ͠Βͣɺ 
 ࠓޙ΋ͦͷݟࠐΈ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ

    
 ҰํͰɺਓؒ͸ʮ֓೦ʯΛ࡞ΔೳྗΛ΋͓ͬͯΓɺͨͱ͑͹ 
 ʮෳૉ਺ฏ໘ʯͱ͍ͬͨ਺ֶత֓೦Λൃ໌͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺ 
 ʮཧղʯͷՄೳੑΛ޿͖͛ͯͨ͜ͱ΋ࣄ࣮ͩͱࢥ͏ͷͰ͢ɻ “ ” (前頁『深層学習は科学に「理解」の放棄を迫るのか?』より引用, 強調引用者)
  40. ਓؒͷೝ஌ೳྗͷݶքͷͨΊʹɺߴ࣍ݩͷϞσϧ͸ 
 ਓؒͷཧղΛ௒͑Δͱ͍͏ͷ͸ͦͷ௨Γͩͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ 
 ͨͩɺʮຊ౰ʹਓؒͷཧղྗΛ֦ுͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͷ͔ʁʯ ͱ͍͏ٙ໰͸ཹอ͍ͨ͠Ͱ͢ɻ 
 ͔ͨ͠ʹɺਓؒͷ೴ͷϋʔυ΢ΣΞ͸Կສ೥΋มԽ͓ͯ͠Βͣɺ 
 ࠓޙ΋ͦͷݟࠐΈ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ

    
 ҰํͰɺਓؒ͸ʮ֓೦ʯΛ࡞ΔೳྗΛ΋͓ͬͯΓɺͨͱ͑͹ 
 ʮෳૉ਺ฏ໘ʯͱ͍ͬͨ਺ֶత֓೦Λൃ໌͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺ 
 ʮཧղʯͷՄೳੑΛ޿͖͛ͯͨ͜ͱ΋ࣄ࣮ͩͱࢥ͏ͷͰ͢ɻ “ ” ˠͦͯ͠զʑ͸ࠓɺ͜Ε·Ͱʹͳ͔ٕͬͨज़ɺ ʮίϯϐϡʔλʔʯͱ͍͏ϝλɾϝσΟΞΛ खʹ͍ͯ͠Δ (前頁『深層学習は科学に「理解」の放棄を迫るのか?』より引用, 強調引用者)