Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Posters, 2010, no. August, pp. 1113–1121. • Abstract: This paper presents a survey of research in controlled natural languages that can be used as high-level knowledge representa- tion languages. Over the past 10 years or so, a number of machine-oriented con- trolled natural languages have emerged that can be used as high-level interface languages to various kinds of knowledge systems. These languages are relevant to the area of computational linguistics since they have two very interesting properties: firstly, they look informal like natural lan- guages and are therefore easier to write and understand by humans than formal languages; secondly, they are precisely defined subsets of natural languages and can be translated automatically (and often deterministically) into a formal target lan- guage and then be used for automated rea- soning. We present and compare the most mature of these novel languages, show how they can balance the disadvantages of natural languages and formal languages for knowledge representation, and discuss how domain specialists can be supported writing specifications in controlled natural language. 2014/3/14 長岡技術科学大学 自然言語処理研究室 2014年度 B4ゼミ Controlled Natural Languages for Knowledge Representation