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Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Akira KUMAGAI
December 01, 2016

 Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く
InternetWeek2016

Akira KUMAGAI

December 01, 2016
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  1. Wi-Fi࠶ೖ໳ʙݟ͑ͳ͍ి೾Λ஌ࣝͰݟൈ͘
    2016-12-01

    גࣜձࣾDMM.comϥϘ / CONBU
    Akira KUMAGAI
    Internet Week 2016

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  2. w ి೾ͱ͸ͲΜͳ΋ͷ͔
    w ແઢಠಛͷಛੑ
    w νϟωϧར༻཰ͱి೾ׯব
    w ۭؒͷ෼ׂ
    w ແઢ-"/ʹ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔٕज़
    w ެऺແઢ-"/
    ͜ͷࢿྉͷ໨త

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  3. View Slide

  4. ి೾ͬͯͳʹ
    w ి࣓೾ʢޫͳͲͷ஥ؒͰ͢ʣ
    w ޫͱͷ͕͍ͪ͸प೾਺
    w प೾਺(Hz)ͱ͸ɺ೾͕ඵؒ͋ͨΓʹ܁Γฦ͞ΕΔճ਺

    ඵؒʹ1,000,000,000ճ܁Γฦ͢ͱ1GHz

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  5. ఻ૹഔମͱͯ͠ͷి೾
    w ۭؒΛഔମͱ͢Δڞ༗ϝσΟΞʢۭ͔ؒͩΒڞ༗ͤ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍ʣ

    w ൒ೋॏ௨৴ʮͪ͜Β͸ʙͰ͢ɺͲ͏ͧʯ͕جຊ

    ఻ૹഔମ ۭؒ

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  6. ి೾ͬͯͳʹ
    w ి೾ͱݺ͹ΕΔൣғ͸͚ͬ͜͏޿͍
    w ࣖͰ͸ฉ͑͜ͳ͍ɾԻ೾͸ผͷ΋ͷ Ի͸ۭؾͷ஄ੑ೾


    Մ ࢹ ޫ ઢ
    ୹ ೾
    ੺֎ઢ 9ઢ Ѝઢ
    ࢵ֎ઢ
    ೾௕ Е
    ୹͍ˠ
    प೾਺ З
    ߴ͍ˠ
    ͜ͷล͕8J'J
    ϚΠ
    Ϋ
    ϩ೾
    З )[

    Е N

    ௕ ೾
    ి೾
    Ұൠతͳແઢ௨৴
    ి࣓೾ͱप೾਺ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_spectrum.svg

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  7. ଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ
    ʠྑ͍ɾ͍҆ɾૣ͍
    ɹ͜ΕΒͷ͏͔ͪΒͭΛબ΂·͢ʡ

    Photo CC BY cea+ https://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/4534292595/

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  8. ଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ

    ଎͘
    ҆͘
    ԕ͘
    ࠔ೉
    802.11ad JJY(1bps)
    GPS(25 - 50bps)
    ͔͠΋҆શʹ
    Ӊ஦୳ࠪػ
    ςϨϏ์ૹ
    Bluetooth
    NFC
    ଎͘ˡˠԕ͘ɹ͸ཱ྆Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    γϟϊϯͷఆཧ
    w ௨৴࿏༰ྔͷݶք͸νϟωϧ෯ͱ৴߸඼࣭Ͱܾ·Δ
    ϑϦεͷ఻ୡࣜ
    w ಉ͡प೾਺ͳΒ৴߸ڧ౓͸ڑ཭ࣗ৐ʹ൓ൺྫ
    ҆͘ͳΔͱ
    w ΈΜͳ͕࢖͑Δখ͞ͳઃඋ ௿ੑೳ

    w ࣗ෼ͱؔ܎ͳ͍৴߸ʢϊΠζʣ͕
    ૿͑Δ
    ˠ৴߸඼࣭ͷ௿Լ
    ෺ཧతʹ઀৮͠ͳͯ͘΋৘ใ͕औಘͰ͖Δ
    ड৴ͯ͠Έͳ͍ͱͦΕ͕Կͷ৘ใͳͷ͔෼͔Β
    ͳ͍ʢड৴ߦҝࣗମͷ๏ن੍͕ෆՄೳʣ

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  9. ҆શੑ͸ޙ΄Ͳ৮ΕΔͱͯ͠
    ·ͣ͸ి೾ࣗମͷಛੑ

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  10. प೾਺
    ೾௕ ௕͍ ୹͍
    Ξϯςφ େ͖͍ খ͍͞
    ඈͼํ
    ো֐෺Λ؏௨ ো֐෺ʹ൓ࣹٵऩ
    ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹಋମɺਫ෼Λ؏௨͠ͳ͍
    ͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ
    ޫͬΆ͍
    ௚ਐੑ͕ߴ͍
    ௨৴࿏༰ྔ খ༰ྔ େ༰ྔ
    ࢦ޲ੑ ࡞Γʹ͍͘ ࡞Γ΍͍͢
    ݮਰ খ େ
    ߴ
    ௿
    प೾਺(Hz)
    ͱੑ࣭

    ϫ
    Π
    ϑ
    Ν
    Π
    ͸
    ͜
    ͷ
    ͋
    ͨ
    Γ

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  11. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    ΞΫηεϙΠϯτ͸ిٿ
    ి೾ΛޫʹݟཱͯΔ

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  12. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    ޮ཰Λߟ͑ΔͱɺΧα͕͋ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍
    ্ํ΁ͷޫ͸ແବͩ͠ɺΑͦʹׯব͢Δ

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  13. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    ࢖͍͍ͨͱ͜Ζ͕ܾ·͍ͬͯΕ͹ɺ
    εϙοτͰϏʔϜʹ͢Δͷ͕Ұ൪Α͍
    ڧ͍͠ɺׯব΋๷͛Δ

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  14. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    w ిٿ͸͢΂ͯಉ͡΋ͷͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ໌Δ͞͸͔ͳΓมΘΔ
    w Χα΍εϙοτث۩ࣗମʹɺిٿͷిྗΛߴΊΔޮՌ͸ͳ͍ɻ

    ࢛ํീํ΁ࢄΒ͹͍ͬͯΔΤωϧΪʔΛڱ͍ํ޲΁·ͱΊΔ͚ͩ
    w Ξϯςφ΋ɺΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ͕ిྗΛ૿෯͢Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍

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  15. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    ௿͍ͱ͜Ζʹઃஔ͢Δͱӄ͕Ͱ͖΍͍͢
    ఱҪͷর໌ চஔ͖ͷর໌

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  16. ׬શແࢦ޲ੑͷΞϯςφ͸࡞Γʹ͍͘
    ػث಺ଂΞϯςφ͸؇΍͔ͳࢦ޲ੑͷ΋ͷ
    ͕ଟ͍
    μΠϙʔϧΞϯςφ

    ࣅͨর໌ث۩͸ͳ͍
    ύονΞϯςφ
    ീ໦Ξϯςφ
    ύϥϘϥΞϯςφ
    ࣮ࡍͷΞϯςφͷܗঢ়

    http://www.cisco.com/web/JP/product/hs/wireless/airoa/prodlit/product_data_sheet09186a008008883b.html

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  17. ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

    ఱҪ͔ΒরΒ͢ͱӨ͕Ͱ͖ʹ͍͕͘ɺ
    ԕ͘·Ͱಧ͖͗ͯ͢ɺͨ͘͞Μઃஔ͢
    Δͱׯব͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
    ఱҪͷর໌ث۩͸શ෦ಉ͡৭ͷͨΊɺ
    ͦΕͧΕͷޫΛ۠ผͰ͖ͣɺࠞͬͯ͟
    ׯবͯ͠͠·͏

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  18. νϟωϧͷҧ͍
    ޫͷ৭ʢप೾਺ʣͷҧ͍
    ి೾ͷ৔߹Ͱ΋νϟωϧͷҧ͍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ

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  19. νϟωϧͷҧ͍
    ࠞͬͨ͟৔߹ɺۭ͕ؒڞ༗͞Εͯ͠·͍ɺ
    େ͖ͳίϦδϣϯυϝΠϯʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ʢ൒ೋॏͰ͢Αʣ

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  20. ಉ͡৭ʷಉ͡৔ॴ
    ʢνϟωϧʷి೾౸ୡൣғʣ
    ୺຤Λऩ༰Ͱ͖Δۭؒͷ
    ࠷খ୯ҐʠηϧʡͱͳΔ
    ηϧ͋ͨΓͷऩ༰ೳྗ͸
    ෺ཧతʹ্ݶ͕͋Δ
    νϟωϧͷҧ͍
    ηϧݸ
    ηϧݸ

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  21. νϟωϧΛڞ༗͍ͯ͠ΔݶΓɺ͍ۙͱ
    ͜ΖʹAPΛ૿ઃͯ͠΋վળ͞Εͳ͍
    ఻ૹഔମͰ͋Δۭؒͦͷ΋ͷ͕Ϙτϧ
    ωοΫʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͨΊ
    ߴີ౓Wi-Fi؀ڥͰ͸ɺ͜ΕΛ͍͔ʹ෼
    ׂ͍͔͕ͯ͘͠ΧΪͱͳΔ
    νϟωϧͷҧ͍

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  22. νϟωϧར༻཰
    ແઢ͸ɺ୭͔͕ૹ৴͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖
    ͸ଞͷ୺຤͸ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍
    νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴ·Δͱিಥ͕
    ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͷͰɺ௿͘อͭ
    ͷ͕ཧ૝
    িಥ͕ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͱνϟω
    ϧར༻཰͕ߋʹߴ·Γɺଞͷ୭΋
    ૹ৴͢Δ͕ܺؒͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͍ɺ
    ੍ޚϑϨʔϜ΋ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͣɺഁ໓
    ͢Δ
    Good
    Poor

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  23. ແઢதܧثͷ᠘
    ৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ
    தܧثͳ͠
    தܧث͋Γ
    ഒҎ্ͷଳҬ ࣌ؒ
    Λ઎༗

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  24. ແઢதܧثͷ᠘
    ʢ͞Βʹɾɾʣ
    Ϣʔβ਺ͷগͳ͍؀ڥͰ͸༗ޮͳதܧث΋
    ࠞࡶ͍ͯ͠Δ؀ڥʹಋೖ͢Δͱഁ໓͢Δ͜ͱ΋
    APͱPC-1͸ޓ͍ʹి೾͕ಧ͔ͣɺݟ͑ͳ
    ͍ͨΊɺಉ࣌ʹૹ৴ͯ͠ϑϨʔϜ͕յΕͯ
    ͠·͏͔΋͠Εͳ͍
    ৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ

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  25. ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ

    3෼ׂ
    "1͋ͨΓ30୺຤
    ߹ܭ90୺຤
    8෼ׂ
    "1͋ͨΓ30୺຤
    ߹ܭ240୺຤

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  26. ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ
    Χόʔൣғ༏ઌ ௿ີ౓
    ऩ༰୺຤਺༏ઌ ߴີ౓ʣ
    Կ੍͕ݶʹͳΔ͔ ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ ి೾ׯব
    "1ͷ਺ গͳ͍ ଟ͍
    Ξϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ ແࢦ޲ੑ ࢦ޲ੑ
    ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ޿͘ ڱ͍ൣғͰࢭΊΔ
    ো֐෺ গͳ͍΄͏͕Α͍ ଟ͍΄͏͕Α͍
    प೾਺ଳ ௿͍΄͏͕Α͍ ߴ͍΄͏͕Α͍
    Ϣʔεέʔε Ոఉ ΦϑΟεɺελδΞϜ౳

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  27. APΛઃஔͯ͠ΈΔ

    ి೾ͷඈͼ͗͢Λ๷͙ඞཁ͕͋Δ

    View Slide

  28. ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍
    w ి೾͕ඞཁҎ্ʹඈͼ͗͢Δͱɺಉ͡νϟωϧΛ࢖ͬ
    ͍ͯΔଞͷAPͱ૬ޓʹׯব͕ى͖Δ
    w ԕ͘·ͰඈΜͩͱͯ͠΋ɺAPҰ୆͋ͨΓʹऩ༰Ͱ
    ͖Δ୺຤਺͸ݶΒΕ͍ͯΔ͔Βɺԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͯ͠
    ΋͔͑ͬͯύϑΥʔϚϯε͸ѱԽ͢Δ

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  29. ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱσʔλϨʔτ

    View Slide

  30. ి೾ͷڧ͞ ڑ཭

    ͱ଎౓ CQT

    ͍͍ͩͨࣗ༝ۭؒΛ૝ఆͨ͠γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ
    w
    సૹ଎౓͸ɺి೾ͷڧ౓ʹΑͬͯ

    ϦΞϧλΠϜʹมߋ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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  31. macOS / OS X Ͱ͸ option + Wi-Fi
    ΞΠίϯ Ͱݱࡏ઀ଓதͷ଎౓Λ֬ೝ
    Ͱ͖·͢ɻϦΞϧλΠϜʹมԽ͢Δ
    ༷ࢠ͕Θ͔Γ·͢
    ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

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  32. w ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕௿͍৔߹ʢ৴߸͕ऑ͍ɺϊΠζ͕ଟ͍ʣɺ
    ଎౓ CQT
    ΛࣗಈతʹԼ͛ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
    w ి೾ͷঢ়گ͸ɺ΄ͱΜͲͷ৔߹ԿΒ͔ͷΤϥʔ͕͋Γɺ
    ແઢ-"/͸ͦΕΛલఏʹɺ͕Μ͹ͬͯΤϥʔగਖ਼Λ͠
    ͳ͕Βಈ͍͍ͯΔ
    w ఻ૹഔମ͕ۭؒͦͷ΋ͷͰ͋ΔͨΊɺ඼࣭ͷ༧ଌ͕͠
    ʹ͍͘

    ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

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  33. ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸
    ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜
    ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍·
    ͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜
    ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ
    ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ
    ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼
    ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱
    ͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ
    ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
    ͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ
    ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄
    ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ
    ͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓
    ·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ
    ΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ
    ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ
    زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ
    ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘
    खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠
    ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋
    ͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ
    ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ
    ૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ
    ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏
    ΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ
    ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢
    ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ
    ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ
    ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍
    Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ
    ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠
    ͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁
    ͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ
    ͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
    τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ
    ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ
    ͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ
    னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
    ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ
    ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
    ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β
    ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠
    ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի
    ͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ
    ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
    ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓
    ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
    τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ
    ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന
    ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ

    ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

    ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
    ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ
    ΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍
    ͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ
    ࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ
    ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ
    छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ
    զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠
    ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ
    ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ
    ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ
    ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ
    গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ
    ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ
    ΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ
    ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ
    Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ
    ͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ
    ͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠
    ͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏
    ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ
    ͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸
    ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ
    ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
    ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ
    ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ
    ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ
    χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ
    ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ
    ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠
    ΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ
    ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ
    ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ
    ϊΠζʢଞͷ௨৴ʣʹຒ΋ΕͨΒ஗͍΄͏͕༗ར

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  34. ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸
    ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜
    ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍·
    ͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜
    ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ
    ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ
    ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼
    ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱
    ͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ
    ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
    ͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ
    ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄
    ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ
    ͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓
    ·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ
    ΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ
    ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ
    زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ
    ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘
    खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠
    ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋
    ͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ
    ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ
    ૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ
    ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏
    ΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ
    ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢
    ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ
    ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ
    ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍
    Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ
    ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠
    ͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁
    ͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ

    ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

    ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
    ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ
    ΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍
    ͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ
    ࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ
    ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ
    छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ
    զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠
    ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ
    ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ
    ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ
    ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ
    গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ
    ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ
    ΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ
    ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ
    Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ
    ͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ
    ͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠
    ͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏
    ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ
    ͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸
    ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ
    ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
    ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ
    ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ
    ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ
    χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ
    ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
    ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ
    ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠
    ΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ
    ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ
    ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ
    ͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
    τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ
    ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ
    ͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ
    னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
    ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ
    ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
    ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β
    ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠
    ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի
    ͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ
    ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
    ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓
    ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
    τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ
    ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന
    ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ
    ࣗ෼ͷ௨৴͸ଞऀͷ௨৴ʹͱͬͯϊΠζͱͳΔ

    View Slide


  35. ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

    ৴߸ͷ඼࣭(S/N)ʹ
    ৴߸ిྗ
    ϊΠζిྗ
    ৴߸ిྗΛߴΊΔʹ͸
    wૹ৴ػΛϋΠύϫʔͳ΋ͷʹ͢Δ
    wड৴ػͷײ౓ΛߴΊΔ
    wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ʹి೾ΛૹΒͳ͍
    ϊΠζిྗΛԼ͛Δʹ͸
    wແؔ܎ͳଞͷແઢہΛϩʔύϫʔʹͯ͠΋Β͏
    wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ͷϊΠζΛरΘͳ͍
    wड৴ػ಺෦΍ࣗવքͰൃੜ͢ΔϊΠζΛ௿ݮ͢Δ

    View Slide


  36. ௨ৗ͸นͳͲ͕͋ΔͷͰɺ͜͏͍͏ి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΓɺ
    ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

    View Slide


  37. ଎౓͸͜Μͳײ͡ɺࠨԼͷ෦԰͸ͪΐͬͱͭΒ͍
    ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

    View Slide

  38. ·ͱΊ
    w ి೾͸൒ೋॏϝσΟΞͰɺۭؒΛڞ༗
    w ޫͷΑ͏ͳ఻ൖಛੑ
    w ಉ͡प೾਺ͷి೾͕ࠞ͟ΔͱׯবΛى͜͢
    w νϟωϧར༻཰Λ௿͘อͭͨΊʹ͸ηϧઃܭ͕ॏཁ
    w ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕ѱ͍ͱσʔλϨʔτ͕௿Լ͢Δ

    View Slide

  39. νϟωϧར༻཰

    View Slide

  40. ࠞࡶͱ͸ʁ
    w ແઢ௨৴͸ۭ࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ
    Λ઎༗ͯ͠ߦͳ͏

    εΠονϯά͠ͳ͍
    w ಉ࣌ʹෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕௨৴Ͱ͖ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ͚Ͳ

    ͦͷॠؒͰ͸ɺ௨৴͸ඞͣͰߦΘΕ͍ͯͯ

    ΄͔ͷ୺຤͸଴ػ͍ͯ͠Δ

    View Slide


  41. Ұ୆ͷΞΫηεϙΠϯτͱෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕
    ࣌ؒͰ۠੾ͬͯॱ൪ʹσʔλΛసૹ͢Δ
    ͋ΔҰॠͰ͸"1ͱ୺຤͸νϟωϧΛ઎༗͍ͯ͠Δ

    View Slide


  42. ઎༗࣌ؒɺॱ൪ͳͲ΋͹Β͹Β
    ௨৴಺༰͕ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ

    View Slide


  43. ͨͱ͑͹ɺ
    5୆ͷ୺຤ʹ10KBͣͭɺܭ50KBసૹ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ
    શ෦54MbpsͰసૹ

    View Slide


  44. సૹϨʔτ(bps)͸ి೾ڧ౓ʹΑͬͯมΘΔ
    ΦϨϯδͷ୺຤ͷసૹ଎౓͕2MbpsʹԼ͕ͬͨ৔߹ɺ

    View Slide


  45. ʂʁ

    View Slide

  46. w ಉ͡50KBΛసૹ͢Δͷʹɺ஗͍୺຤͕Ұ୆͍Δ͚ͩͰ
    ࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ
    ͕5ഒ͘Β͍ແବʹͳͬͨ
    w ஗͍୺຤ͷ௨৴͕ऴΘΔͷΛɺΈΜͳ଴͍ͬͯΔ
    w ஗͍୺຤ͷଘࡏ͸ϦιʔεΛ৯͍௵͢

    ୺຤͕Ұ୆஗͍ͱશମ͕஗͘ͳΔ

    View Slide


  47. ஗͍ϨʔτΛDisableʹͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏
    ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍
    ஗͍ϨʔτͰ௨৴ͤ͞ͳ͍

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  48. w ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͳ͍Α͏ʹͰ͖Δ
    w ԼͷΦϨϯδ৭ͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛى͜Γʹ
    ͘͘Ͱ͖Δ

    ஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛ੍ݶ͢Δͱ

    View Slide


  49. Airtime Fairness (ATF)
    w ಛఆͷ஗͍୺຤͕શମͷ଍ΛҾͬுΒͳ͍Α͏ʹɺ
    ΤΞλΠϜΛͳΔ΂͘ۉ౳ʹׂΓ౰ͯΔٕज़
    w ࠷ۙͷΤϯλʔϓϥΠζ޲͚੡඼ʹ౥ࡌ

    View Slide

  50. ·ͱΊ
    w ஗͍σʔλϨʔτͰ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ୺຤͸ɺશମͷ଍
    ΛҾͬுΔ
    w νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴͯ͘ෆ҆ఆͳ৔߹ɺ஗͍σʔλ
    ϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰվળͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
    w ͨͩ͠஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δͱి೾ͷಧ
    ͘ൣғ͸ڱ͘ͳΔ

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  51. ଌఆثͰݟͯΈΔ

    View Slide

  52. ஗͍୺຤͕͍Δঢ়ଶͬͯͲΜͳͷ
    w νϟωϧͷ࢖༻཰74.67%ʢߴ͗͢Δʣ
    w ͦΕͳͷʹεϧʔϓοτ͕769Kb͔͠ग़͍ͯͳ͍

    ๭ॴվળલ

    View Slide

  53. ஗͍୺຤ͬͯͲΕ͘Β͍अຐ
    w ԣ࣠͸ಉ࣌ؒ͡
    w ໼ҹͷλΠϛϯάͰɺ੺ 1Mbps
    ͸νϟωϧར༻
    ཰Λ্͘͢͝ঢ͍ͤͯ͞Δͷʹɺεϧʔϓοτ͕
    શવग़͍ͯͳ͍

    View Slide

  54. ஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛېࢭ͢ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔ
    w ࠷௿Λ36MbpsʹઃఆɺͦΕະຬΛېࢭ
    w νϟωϧ࢖༻཰Λ໿75%ˠ2.5%·Ͱվળ

    ๭ॴվળޙ

    View Slide

  55. ແઢLANͷٕज़

    View Slide


  56. MIMO
    ͻͱͭͷνϟωϧʹͯɺෳ਺ͷΞϯςφΛ࢖༻ͯ͠
    ෳ਺ͷετϦʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹૹ৴͢Δͷ͕MIMO
    ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ น͋Γ

    ి೾Λ೾໲ͱͯ͠Πϝʔδͯ͠ΈΔ
    Ͱ΋ಉ͡νϟωϧͰಉ࣌ʹ௨৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͸ͩͬͨͷͰ͸ʜ
    Ͳ͏ͯ͠ಉ͡νϟωϧͰෳ਺ૹ৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͔

    View Slide


  57. MIMO
    ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨ͠
    ड৴ଆͷΞϯςφͰ͸s1, s2 ͕ࠞͬͯ͟ड৴͞ΕΔ
    ఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋ΓɺͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂͓ͯ͘
    ఻ૹ࿏͕ط஌ͳΒs1, s2 ʹؔ͢Δ࿈ཱํఔࣜΛղ͚Δ
    ୺຤Ͱs1, s2 ͕෼཭Ͱ͖Δ
    ଳҬ෯͕ഒʹͳͬͨɺΊͰͨ͠
    s1
    s2
    h11
    h21
    h12
    h22
    h11s1ʴh12s2
    h21s1ʴh22s2

    View Slide


  58. MIMO
    ΋͠Ξϯςφ͕෺ཧతʹ཭Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒ ఻ૹ࿏ͷۭؒ૬ؔߴ

    s1
    s2
    h11
    h21
    h12
    h22
    h11s1ʴh12s2
    h21s1ʴh22s2
    Ξϯςφ͕͍ۙͱ
    w ૬ޓʹճΓࠐΈ͕ൃੜͯ͠෼཭͕೉͘͠ͳΓɺಛੑ͕ྼԽ͢Δ
    w 0.5Е͘Β͍͸཭͍ͨ͠
    w Ͱ΋ΞϯςφΛ཭͢ͱ୺຤ͷখܕԽ͕೉͘͠ͳΔ
    w MIMOετϦʔϜ਺ Ξϯςφ਺
    Λ૿΍͢ͱ͞ΒʹখܕԽ͕೉͍͠
    ͦ΋ͦ΋෼཭ͷܭࢉ͕͚ͬ͜͏େมͳͷͰ͢ΑͶʜͦΕͳΒ͹ʜ

    View Slide


  59. MIMO
    ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨͦ͠ͷ
    ఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯAPʹૹΓฦ͢
    AP͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड
    ৴ΞϯςφͰs1, s2 ͕෼཭ͣΈʹͳΔΑ͏ʹɺσʔλૹ৴લʹ
    ࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ
    ୺຤ଆͰ෼཭ͷܭࢉΛ͠ͳͯ͘Α͍ͷͰলిྗԽʹ༗ར

    ୺຤ͷΞϯςφͷ͏ͪɺड৴ର৅Ͱͳ͍΄͏ͷΞϯςφͰిྗ͕࠷খ OVMM
    ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹՃ޻͢Δ
    s1
    s2
    h11
    h21
    h12
    h22
    s1
    s2
    [H]

    View Slide


  60. ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯά
    ఻ૹ࿏͕ଟ਺͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢
    "1͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड৴Ξϯ
    ςφͰs ͕࠷େͷి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ
    ׯব΍นͷ൓ࣹͰ೾ͷೱ୶Λ͏·͘࡞ͬͯɺ୺຤ͷଘࡏ͢Δ৔ॴͷ
    ೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
    s1
    s2
    [H]
    s1
    s2
    s3
    นͷ൓ࣹ
    MIMOͷΑ͏ʹෳ਺ͷૹ৴ػ͔Βಉ࣌ૹ৴͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺΞϨΠΞϯςφΛΞφϩάతʹεΠονϯάͯ͠ࢦ޲
    ੑΛ࡞Δํ๏΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
    ׯব΍൓ࣹͷ߹੒Λຯํʹ͚ͭͯ೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔͱ͜ΖΛ࡞Δ

    View Slide


  61. MU-MIMO
    ෳ਺͍Δ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢
    "1͸ͦΕͧΕͷϑϨʔϜ͕ɺѼઌͷ୺຤Ͱి೾ڧ౓࠷େʹͳΓɺ
    ѼઌͰͳ͍୺຤Ͱ͸࠷খʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͢Δ
    ࣄલՃ޻ͨ͠ϑϨʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹෳ਺Ѽʹૹ৴͢Δ
    ୺຤͸ͻͱͭͣͭ"$,Λฦ͢
    s1
    s2
    s1
    s2
    s3
    นͷ൓ࣹ
    ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯάͰۭ͍ͨ஍఺ɺۭ͍ͨͳΒ࢖ͬͯ͠·͏

    View Slide


  62. DFS
    Ϩʔμʔͷి೾͕ଘࡏͨ͠Βૹ৴ͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍
    w 5GHzଳʹ͸ઌ٬Ͱ͋Δؾ৅Ϩʔμʔ͕͋ΔͨΊɺϨʔμʔ͕͍ͨΒผͷϨʔμʔ
    ͕͍ͳ͍νϟωϧʹมߋ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Δ
    w Ϩʔμʔ͕͍ͳ͍͜ͱΛ࠷௿෼ؒ͸֬ೝ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Γɺ෼ؒҎ্Կ΋ૹ৴Ͱ
    ͖ͳ͘ͳΔͨΊɺ઀ଓ్͕੾ΕΔݪҼͱͳΔ
    w 802.11a,20MHz෯Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯͨͱ͖͸νϟωϧʹ༨༟͕͕͋ͬͨɺνϟωϧϘϯ
    σΟϯάʹΑͬͯόϯυ෯Λ޿͘࢖͏Α͏ʹͳΓɺDFSͷӨڹΛड͚΍͘͢ͳͬͨ
    w ࠷ۙͷ੡඼Ͱ͸Ϩʔμʔ೾͕ݕग़͞ΕͨΒνϟωϧϘϯσΟϯάΛϑΥʔϧόο
    Ϋͯ͠ॖୀͭͭ͠ఀ೾͸ආ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯͨΓɺϨʔμʔ೾Λݕग़͢Δલ͔
    ΒଞͷνϟωϧΛεΩϟϯ͓͖ͯ͠ɺͰ͖Δ͚ͩఀ೾͠ͳ͍ͰνϟωϧΛมߋ͢
    Δٕज़͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔ

    View Slide

  63. Captive Portal (capport)

    View Slide

  64. Captive Portalͱ͸
    ެऺແઢ-"/ͳͲʹ઀ଓͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ͯ͘Δը໘

    ໨త
    wೝূ
    w՝ۚ
    w৘ใදࣔ
    Webϒϥ΢β͕࢖͑Ε͹୺຤Λ໰Θͳ͍
    ࣮૷͕ൺֱత༰қ

    View Slide

  65. Captive Portalͷ࢓૊Έ

    ॳظঢ়ଶͰ͸Πϯλʔωοτ΁ͷ઀ଓΛϒϩοΫ
    ୺຤͔ΒͷhttpϦΫΤετΛԣऔΓͯ͠ผͷೝূϖʔδ

    ͳͲʹϦμΠϨΫτ
    ೝূͳͲ͕௨Ε͹઀ଓΛڐՄ
    ೝূϖʔδ
    ͳͲ
    Internet

    View Slide

  66. Captive Portalͷ໰୊

    w TLSΤϥʔ
    w httpsΛԣऔΓ͢Δ
    w Τϥʔ͕ग़ͯ΋ଓߦ͢Δश׳͕͍ͭͯ͠·͏
    w ϒϥ΢βҎ֎ͷ୺຤
    w εϚʔτϑΥϯͷΞϓϦͳͲɺΠϯλʔωοτ઀ଓΛ
    ཁٻ͢Δ͕httpͷԣऔΓ͕ෆՄೳͳ΋ͷ
    w IoTσόΠεͳͲදࣔ΍ೖྗೳྗͷͳ͍୺຤

    View Slide

  67. Captive Portal Detection

    w Webϒϥ΢βͰͳͯ͘΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ɺOSଆͰCaptive-
    Portal Λѻ͏࢓૊Έ
    w ͜Μͳը໘͕Լ͔ΒχϣΩͬͱग़ͯ͘Δˠ
    w ͞·͟·ͳ࣮૷ͷCaptive Portal͕͋Δ
    w OS͸Ͳ͏΍ͬͯݕग़͢Δ
    w Ͳ͏΍ͬͯදࣔೖྗ͢Δ
    w Ͳ͏ͳͬͨΒ઀ଓ੒ޭ
    w ׬શͳdetection͕ࠔ೉

    View Slide

  68. Captive Portal Detection

    w ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕man-in-the-middle attack ͔ͩΒ
    ͦ΋ͦ΋ແཧ͕͋Δ
    w Captive Portal ͷ࣮૷͕͹Β͹Β
    w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹ݕग़΋ͪΌΜͱͰ͖Δ
    w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹httpΛԣऔΓͳΜͯཪٕ
    Έ͍ͨͳ͜ͱΛ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͘ͳΔ

    View Slide

  69. ެऺແઢ-"/ͷར༻ऀ৘ใ֬ೝ

    View Slide

  70. ྫ͑͹ɺ֗ͷΧϑΣܦӦऀ͕͓٬͞Μ
    ΁αʔϏεͱͯ͠Πϯλʔωοτ઀ଓ
    ΛແྉͰఏڙ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺͲ͏͢Δ
    w ՈిྔൢళͰແઢ-"/ϧʔλΛങ͖ͬͯͯઃஔ͠14,Λڭ͑Δ
    w ͜ͷճઢ͔Βѱ͞Λ͢Δਓ͕͍ͨΒ
    w Ոఉ༻ػث͸ϩάΛ࢒͠ʹ͍͘
    w ళ֎΁࿙Εͨి೾͔Β઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
    w ެऺແઢ-"/ͷಋೖ
    w ແྉ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍
    w ݸਓܦӦͷళͰ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍

    ͚ͩ͜͜ͷ࿩ɺ։ࣔ੥ٻ͸ҙ֎ͱདྷ·͢ɻ
    ͚ͬ͜͏ΊΜͲ͏Ͱ͢ʜ

    View Slide

  71. 8J'Jఏڙऀ޲͚ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦͷखҾ͖
    w ΧϑΣͷྫͰ΋ࢀߟʹͳΔखҾ͖
    w ͔͠͠ʮར༻ऀ৘ใͷద੾ͳ֬ೝʯ
    ͷ߲໨͚ͩ೉қ౓͕ߴ͍
    w 4.4͸ͱ΋͔͘ɺ4/4ΞΧ΢ϯ
    τ΍ϝʔϧΞυϨεʹΑΔೝূͷ
    ࣮ޮੑ͸

    http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/security/cmn/wi-fi/Wi-Fi_manual_for_AP.pdf

    View Slide

  72. Probe Request

    View Slide

  73. ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ
    ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
    ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ
    Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
    ೝূ
    ઀ଓ׬ྃ
    ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

    View Slide

  74. ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ

    ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
    ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ
    Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
    ೝূ
    ઀ଓ׬ྃ
    ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

    View Slide

  75. ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ

    ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
    ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ
    Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
    ೝূ
    ઀ଓ׬ྃ
    ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

    View Slide

  76. ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ
    ୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
    w "1͔Βఆظతʹ์ૹ͞ΕΔϏʔίϯϑϨʔϜΛड৴

    डಈతͳݕग़

    ·ͨ͸
    w ୺຤͕ Probe Request ϑϨʔϜΛૹ৴͠"1͕Ԡ౴ͨ͠
    Probe Response Λ୺຤͕ड৴

    ೳಈతͳݕग़

    ୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ
    Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
    ೝূ
    ઀ଓ׬ྃ
    ୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ ΋Մೳ


    View Slide

  77. डಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

    "1͸௨৴૬ख͕͍ͳ͍ͱ͖΋ɺ
    SSIDͳͲΛఆظతʹ์ૹ͍ͯ͠Δ
    (IEEE802.11 beacon frame)

    View Slide

  78. ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

    ୺຤͸Ϗʔίϯͷड৴Λ଴ͨͣʹɺੵۃతʹݕग़
    ཁٻΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ
    AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request)
    ʮAP ୭͔͍·͔͢ʯ
    AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response)
    ʮ͸͍ ͪ͜Β͸”MY_HOME_WIFI”ʯ

    View Slide

  79. ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

    ୺຤͸44*%Λ໊ࢦ͠Ͱੵۃతʹݕग़ཁٻΛૹ৴
    ͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ
    ͜ͷํ๏Ͱͳ͍ͱ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ

    44*%ΛϒϩʔυΩϟετ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͳͲ

    AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request)
    ʮAP “MY_HOME_WIFI” ͍·͔͢ʯ
    AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response)
    ʮ͸͍ʯ

    View Slide

  80. ໰୊఺

    ୺຤͸ɺࣗ෼ͷډ৔ॴ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍

    AP͕ͳ͍͸ͣͷ৔ॴͰ΋Probe RequestΛૹΔ

    View Slide

  81. Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰

    w ୺຤ͷແઢ-"/ΠϯλϑΣΠεͷMACΞυϨε
    w ୳͍ͯ͠ΔSSID(ESSID)
    ˺઀ଓΛهԱͤͯ͋͞ΔSSID

    View Slide

  82. Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰

    b8:f6:b1:14:..:.. (Apple) ͷॴ༗ऀ͸ iis-visitor ʹ
    ઀ଓͨ͜͠ͱ͕͋ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻ

    View Slide

  83. Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰

    w ͜ͷΑ͏ʹҰ౓ʹෳ਺ͷSSID΁Probe RequestΛૹ৴͢
    Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δ
    w MACΞυϨεͱSSIDͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ୯ମͰ͸͋·Γҙຯ
    Λͳ͞ͳ͔ͬͨϑϨʔϜ͕ɺ໊دͤͷՄೳੑΛ͓ͼͯ
    ͘Δ
    w ͜ͷྫͰ͸زͭ΋ͷγΣΞΦϑΟεʹग़ೖΓ͍ͯ͠Δ
    ͜ͱɺಛఆͷݸਓͱަ༑ؔ܎ʹ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ਪଌͰ͖Δ

    View Slide

  84. Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰

    w ESSID(͍ΘΏΔSSID
    ؚ͕·ΕΔ͕ɺBSSID(APͷMACΞυϨε

    ͸ؚ·Εͳ͍
    w Α͋͘ΔSSIDͳΒࣝผͰ͖ͳ͍
    w SSID಺ʹBSSIDؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸׬શʹϢχʔΫ
    w BSSID͔ΒAPͷҐஔ৘ใΛҾ͚ͯ͠·͏

    https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geolocation/

    Ұൠతʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ"1*Ͱ͸#44*%͕ͭҎ্ඞཁ͕ͩɺϓϥΠϕʔτ"1*Ͱ͸ͭͰҾ͚Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δ

    w ͨͱ͑͹00005E0053FF_AͷΑ͏ͳSSID͸ઃஔ৔ॴ
    ·Ͱ࿙ΕΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍

    View Slide


  85. ౎಺ͰProbe RequestΛϲ݄ؒड৴͠ɺ୺຤
    ͕ཁٻ͍ͯ͠ΔAPͷҐஔ͕ਪଌͰ͖ͨ΋ͷ
    APͷҐஔ͕࿙ΕΔ ͱ͸
    ඇެ։

    View Slide

  86. ಛఆͷ୺຤Λ௥੻Ͱ͖Δ

    lܞଳి࿩΍λϒϨοτͷ8J'JΛΦϯʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰɺ1IJM[ʹೖΔ͔ళͷલΛ
    ௨ա͢ΔͱɺಉΧϑΣ͸&VDMJEͷ෼ੳγεςϜ࢖ͬͯͦͷσόΠεΛۙྡͷ
    தͰଞͷσόΠεͱ۠ผ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͩɻͦΕ͕Θ͔Ε͹ɺళ͸ଞͷσʔ
    λͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯԿΒ͔ͷ݁ՌΛಋ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻྫ͑͹ɺళͷۙ͘΍த
    ʹ͍ͨ࣌ؒ΍ɺͲ͜ʹཱ͍͔ͬͯͨ΋ɻz
    1IJM[$P⒎FFɺ8J'Jར༻ͷސ٬෼ੳΛϓϥΠόγʔ໰୊ʹΑΓதࢭ(2014/05 TetchCrunch)

    http://jp.techcrunch.com/2014/05/30/20140529philz-coffee-drops-euclid-analytics-over-privacy-concerns/
    ΰϛശωοτϫʔΫ͕εϚϗΛ௥੻ɿϩϯυϯ(2013/08 WIRED)

    http://wired.jp/2013/08/12/recycling-bins-are-watching-you/
    lΧॴͷϙΠϯτΛ௨աͨ͠Կेສਓ΋ͷาߦऀ͕ɺؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍͏ͪʹɺ
    ࣗ෼ͷεϚʔτϑΥϯ͕࣋ͭݻ༗ͳ."$ΞυϨε தུ
    Λɺ3FOFX-POEPO
    ࣾʹΑͬͯه࿥͞Ε͍ͯͨͷͩɻz

    View Slide

  87. ໰୊఺

    w ௕ظʹΘͨͬͯ௥੻͞ΕΔ MACΞυϨε͕ݻఆ

    w ୺຤ͷॴ༗ऀͱؔ܎ͷ͋ΔஂମɺॅॴͳͲ͕࿙ΕΔ
    w ಉ͡୺຤͔Βཁٻͷ͋ΔSSID1ͱSSID2ͷؔ܎ੑ΋ਪଌͰ͖Δ
    w ΦϓτΞ΢τ͕೉͍͠
    w ୺຤͔Βͷి೾ΛҰํతʹड৴͢Δ͚ͩͰ੒ཱ
    w MACΞυϨεͱॴ༗ऀΛඥ͚ͮΒΕΔͱ͞Βʹ໰୊͕ʜ

    View Slide

  88. ͦ͜Ͱɺ୺຤ϝʔΧʔ͸ରࡦΛ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠

    View Slide

  89. Ephemeral MAC Address

    “ but a new iOS 8 feature is set to cause havoc for location trackers, and score a
    major win for privacy. (தུ) When iOS 8 devices look for a connection, they
    randomize that address, effectively disguising any trace of the real device until it
    decides to connect to a network.”
    J04TUSJLFTBOVOFYQFDUFECMPXBHBJOTUMPDBUJPOUSBDLJOH(2014/06 The Verge)

    http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/9/5792970/ios-8-strikes-an-unexpected-blow-against-location-tracking/
    Probe Request ࣌ʹ͸ϥϯμϜԽͨ͠MAC
    ΞυϨεΛ࢖༻͢Δ
    iOS8.0Ͱ͸͜Ε͕༗ޮʹͳΔ৚͕݅ݫ͘͠ɺ΄ͱΜ
    Ͳҙຯ͕ͳ͔͕ͬͨɺ9.0Ҏ߱Ͱ͸͔ͳΓϥϯμϜԽ
    ͞Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ

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  90. Ephemeral MAC Address

    &YQFSJFODFXJUI."$"EESFTT3BOEPNJ[BUJPOJO8JOEPXT(2015/07 IETF93)

    https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/93/slides/slides-93-intarea-5.pdf
    Ͱ΋खݩͷ1$Ͱࢼͨ͠ͱ͜Ζαϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍Α͏Ͱͨ͠ʜ
    “ Only present if the hardware is recent and supports randomization.”

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  91. ରॲ๏

    w ෆཁͳAPͷઃఆΛ୺຤͔Β࡟আ͢Δ
    w APͷSSID͸ͳΔ΂͘ϢχʔΫͰͳ͍΋ͷʹ͢Δ
    w ࠷௿Ͱ΋MACΞυϨεؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸ආ͚Δ
    w SSIDΛεςϧεʹ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕͍͍͔΋
    w ୺຤͸εςϧεͷAPʹରͯ͠͸ੵۃతʹProbe
    RequestΛૹΔΑ͏ͩ

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  92. ແઢ-"/ͷಛ௃

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  93. ໔ڐෆཁͰ࢖͑Δ
    w ҆ՁͰߴ଎
    w ങ͖͙ͬͯͯ͢࢖͑Δ
    w ෆ҆ఆ͞Λڐ༰͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
    w ୭΋΄͔ͷແઢہΛഉআͰ͖ͳ͍
    w ނҙͷ๦֐͸ɺͦͷߦҝࣗମ͸ҧ๏Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹΋͋Δ
    w ηΩϡϦςΟ
    w ଞਓ͕ԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍
    w ໔ڐෆཁ͸ྑ͍͜ͱ͹͔Γ͡Όͳ͍
    w Α͔ͦΒͷׯবͳͲࣗݾղܾͰ͖ͳ͍໰୊΋͋Δ

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  94. ΋͠໔ڐ͕ඞཁͩͬͨΒ
    w ҆ఆͨ͠඼࣭
    w ࠃ͕Ϧιʔε ి೾
    Λ؅ཧͯ͘͠ΕΔ
    w ࠞ৴͸Ͱ͖ΔݶΓഉআ͞ΕΔ
    w ໔ڐͳ͠ʹి೾Λग़ͨ͠Βҧ๏
    w ๦֐ͨ͠Βి೾๏ҧ൓
    w ͳΓ͢·͠΍தؒऀ߈ܸͳͲ΋ ଟ෼
    ి೾๏ҧ൓
    w ༻్͕ݶΒΕΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
    w ແઢ-"/Έ͍ͨʹരൃతʹීٴ͠ͳ͍
    w ࠃ಺େखΩϟϦΞࣾͳͲ

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  95. ͨͱ͑͹ܞଳ୺຤Ͱ͸
    w ௨ৗɺηϧϥʔͱແઢ-"/ͷ྆ํΛ૷උ͍ͯ͠Δ
    w ඼࣭͕ࠩঃʑʹॖ·͖͍ͬͯͯΔ
    w MulteFire, Wi-Fi Calling ͳͲηϧϥʔଆͰ΋ແઢ
    LANଳҬΛੵۃతʹ࢖͏ಈ͖
    w ϋΠϒϦουͳແઢωοτϫʔΫͱͯ͠࠶ߏங͞Ε
    Α͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ

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  96. Q&A

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  97. __END__

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