Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Wi-Fi࠶ೖ໳ʙݟ͑ͳ͍ి೾Λ஌ࣝͰݟൈ͘
2016-12-01 
גࣜձࣾDMM.comϥϘ / CONBU
Akira KUMAGAI
Internet Week 2016

View Slide

w ి೾ͱ͸ͲΜͳ΋ͷ͔
w ແઢಠಛͷಛੑ
w νϟωϧར༻཰ͱి೾ׯব
w ۭؒͷ෼ׂ
w ແઢ-"/ʹ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔٕज़
w ެऺແઢ-"/
͜ͷࢿྉͷ໨త

View Slide

View Slide

ి೾ͬͯͳʹ
w ి࣓೾ʢޫͳͲͷ஥ؒͰ͢ʣ
w ޫͱͷ͕͍ͪ͸प೾਺
w प೾਺(Hz)ͱ͸ɺ೾͕ඵؒ͋ͨΓʹ܁Γฦ͞ΕΔճ਺

ඵؒʹ1,000,000,000ճ܁Γฦ͢ͱ1GHz

View Slide

఻ૹഔମͱͯ͠ͷి೾
w ۭؒΛഔମͱ͢Δڞ༗ϝσΟΞʢۭ͔ؒͩΒڞ༗ͤ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍ʣ

w ൒ೋॏ௨৴ʮͪ͜Β͸ʙͰ͢ɺͲ͏ͧʯ͕جຊ

఻ૹഔମ ۭؒ

View Slide

ి೾ͬͯͳʹ
w ి೾ͱݺ͹ΕΔൣғ͸͚ͬ͜͏޿͍
w ࣖͰ͸ฉ͑͜ͳ͍ɾԻ೾͸ผͷ΋ͷ Ի͸ۭؾͷ஄ੑ೾

Մ ࢹ ޫ ઢ
୹ ೾
੺֎ઢ 9ઢ Ѝઢ
ࢵ֎ઢ
೾௕ Е
୹͍ˠ
प೾਺ З
ߴ͍ˠ
͜ͷล͕8J'J
ϚΠ
Ϋ
ϩ೾
З )[

Е N

௕ ೾
ి೾
Ұൠతͳແઢ௨৴
ి࣓೾ͱप೾਺ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_spectrum.svg

View Slide

଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ
ʠྑ͍ɾ͍҆ɾૣ͍
ɹ͜ΕΒͷ͏͔ͪΒͭΛબ΂·͢ʡ

Photo CC BY cea+ https://www.flickr.com/photos/centralasian/4534292595/

View Slide

଎͘ɾ҆͘ɾԕ͘·Ͱ

଎͘
҆͘
ԕ͘
ࠔ೉
802.11ad JJY(1bps)
GPS(25 - 50bps)
͔͠΋҆શʹ
Ӊ஦୳ࠪػ
ςϨϏ์ૹ
Bluetooth
NFC
଎͘ˡˠԕ͘ɹ͸ཱ྆Ͱ͖ͳ͍
γϟϊϯͷఆཧ
w ௨৴࿏༰ྔͷݶք͸νϟωϧ෯ͱ৴߸඼࣭Ͱܾ·Δ
ϑϦεͷ఻ୡࣜ
w ಉ͡प೾਺ͳΒ৴߸ڧ౓͸ڑ཭ࣗ৐ʹ൓ൺྫ
҆͘ͳΔͱ
w ΈΜͳ͕࢖͑Δখ͞ͳઃඋ ௿ੑೳ

w ࣗ෼ͱؔ܎ͳ͍৴߸ʢϊΠζʣ͕
૿͑Δ
ˠ৴߸඼࣭ͷ௿Լ
෺ཧతʹ઀৮͠ͳͯ͘΋৘ใ͕औಘͰ͖Δ
ड৴ͯ͠Έͳ͍ͱͦΕ͕Կͷ৘ใͳͷ͔෼͔Β
ͳ͍ʢड৴ߦҝࣗମͷ๏ن੍͕ෆՄೳʣ

View Slide

҆શੑ͸ޙ΄Ͳ৮ΕΔͱͯ͠
·ͣ͸ి೾ࣗମͷಛੑ

View Slide

प೾਺
೾௕ ௕͍ ୹͍
Ξϯςφ େ͖͍ খ͍͞
ඈͼํ
ো֐෺Λ؏௨ ো֐෺ʹ൓ࣹٵऩ
ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹಋମɺਫ෼Λ؏௨͠ͳ͍
͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ
ޫͬΆ͍
௚ਐੑ͕ߴ͍
௨৴࿏༰ྔ খ༰ྔ େ༰ྔ
ࢦ޲ੑ ࡞Γʹ͍͘ ࡞Γ΍͍͢
ݮਰ খ େ
ߴ
௿
प೾਺(Hz)
ͱੑ࣭

ϫ
Π
ϑ
Ν
Π
͸
͜
ͷ
͋
ͨ
Γ

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

ΞΫηεϙΠϯτ͸ిٿ
ి೾ΛޫʹݟཱͯΔ

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

ޮ཰Λߟ͑ΔͱɺΧα͕͋ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍
্ํ΁ͷޫ͸ແବͩ͠ɺΑͦʹׯব͢Δ

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

࢖͍͍ͨͱ͜Ζ͕ܾ·͍ͬͯΕ͹ɺ
εϙοτͰϏʔϜʹ͢Δͷ͕Ұ൪Α͍
ڧ͍͠ɺׯব΋๷͛Δ

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

w ిٿ͸͢΂ͯಉ͡΋ͷͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ໌Δ͞͸͔ͳΓมΘΔ
w Χα΍εϙοτث۩ࣗମʹɺిٿͷిྗΛߴΊΔޮՌ͸ͳ͍ɻ 
࢛ํീํ΁ࢄΒ͹͍ͬͯΔΤωϧΪʔΛڱ͍ํ޲΁·ͱΊΔ͚ͩ
w Ξϯςφ΋ɺΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ͕ిྗΛ૿෯͢Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͍

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

௿͍ͱ͜Ζʹઃஔ͢Δͱӄ͕Ͱ͖΍͍͢
ఱҪͷর໌ চஔ͖ͷর໌

View Slide

׬શແࢦ޲ੑͷΞϯςφ͸࡞Γʹ͍͘
ػث಺ଂΞϯςφ͸؇΍͔ͳࢦ޲ੑͷ΋ͷ
͕ଟ͍
μΠϙʔϧΞϯςφ 
ࣅͨর໌ث۩͸ͳ͍
ύονΞϯςφ
ീ໦Ξϯςφ
ύϥϘϥΞϯςφ
࣮ࡍͷΞϯςφͷܗঢ়

http://www.cisco.com/web/JP/product/hs/wireless/airoa/prodlit/product_data_sheet09186a008008883b.html

View Slide

ޫͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ

ఱҪ͔ΒরΒ͢ͱӨ͕Ͱ͖ʹ͍͕͘ɺ
ԕ͘·Ͱಧ͖͗ͯ͢ɺͨ͘͞Μઃஔ͢
Δͱׯব͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
ఱҪͷর໌ث۩͸શ෦ಉ͡৭ͷͨΊɺ
ͦΕͧΕͷޫΛ۠ผͰ͖ͣɺࠞͬͯ͟
ׯবͯ͠͠·͏

View Slide

νϟωϧͷҧ͍
ޫͷ৭ʢप೾਺ʣͷҧ͍
ి೾ͷ৔߹Ͱ΋νϟωϧͷҧ͍ͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ

View Slide

νϟωϧͷҧ͍
ࠞͬͨ͟৔߹ɺۭ͕ؒڞ༗͞Εͯ͠·͍ɺ
େ͖ͳίϦδϣϯυϝΠϯʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ʢ൒ೋॏͰ͢Αʣ

View Slide

ಉ͡৭ʷಉ͡৔ॴ
ʢνϟωϧʷి೾౸ୡൣғʣ
୺຤Λऩ༰Ͱ͖Δۭؒͷ
࠷খ୯ҐʠηϧʡͱͳΔ
ηϧ͋ͨΓͷऩ༰ೳྗ͸
෺ཧతʹ্ݶ͕͋Δ
νϟωϧͷҧ͍
ηϧݸ
ηϧݸ

View Slide

νϟωϧΛڞ༗͍ͯ͠ΔݶΓɺ͍ۙͱ
͜ΖʹAPΛ૿ઃͯ͠΋վળ͞Εͳ͍
఻ૹഔମͰ͋Δۭؒͦͷ΋ͷ͕Ϙτϧ
ωοΫʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͨΊ
ߴີ౓Wi-Fi؀ڥͰ͸ɺ͜ΕΛ͍͔ʹ෼
ׂ͍͔͕ͯ͘͠ΧΪͱͳΔ
νϟωϧͷҧ͍

View Slide

νϟωϧར༻཰
ແઢ͸ɺ୭͔͕ૹ৴͍ͯ͠Δͱ͖
͸ଞͷ୺຤͸ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͳ͍
νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴ·Δͱিಥ͕
ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͷͰɺ௿͘อͭ
ͷ͕ཧ૝
িಥ͕ൃੜ͠΍͘͢ͳΔͱνϟω
ϧར༻཰͕ߋʹߴ·Γɺଞͷ୭΋
ૹ৴͢Δ͕ܺؒͳ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͍ɺ
੍ޚϑϨʔϜ΋ૹ৴Ͱ͖ͣɺഁ໓
͢Δ
Good
Poor

View Slide

ແઢதܧثͷ᠘
৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ
தܧثͳ͠
தܧث͋Γ
ഒҎ্ͷଳҬ ࣌ؒ
Λ઎༗

View Slide

ແઢதܧثͷ᠘
ʢ͞Βʹɾɾʣ
Ϣʔβ਺ͷগͳ͍؀ڥͰ͸༗ޮͳதܧث΋
ࠞࡶ͍ͯ͠Δ؀ڥʹಋೖ͢Δͱഁ໓͢Δ͜ͱ΋
APͱPC-1͸ޓ͍ʹి೾͕ಧ͔ͣɺݟ͑ͳ
͍ͨΊɺಉ࣌ʹૹ৴ͯ͠ϑϨʔϜ͕յΕͯ
͠·͏͔΋͠Εͳ͍
৭͸ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ

View Slide

ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ

3෼ׂ
"1͋ͨΓ30୺຤
߹ܭ90୺຤
8෼ׂ
"1͋ͨΓ30୺຤
߹ܭ240୺຤

View Slide

ۭؒͷ෼ׂྫ
Χόʔൣғ༏ઌ ௿ີ౓
ऩ༰୺຤਺༏ઌ ߴີ౓ʣ
Կ੍͕ݶʹͳΔ͔ ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ ి೾ׯব
"1ͷ਺ গͳ͍ ଟ͍
Ξϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑ ແࢦ޲ੑ ࢦ޲ੑ
ి೾ͷ౸ୡൣғ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ޿͘ ڱ͍ൣғͰࢭΊΔ
ো֐෺ গͳ͍΄͏͕Α͍ ଟ͍΄͏͕Α͍
प೾਺ଳ ௿͍΄͏͕Α͍ ߴ͍΄͏͕Α͍
Ϣʔεέʔε Ոఉ ΦϑΟεɺελδΞϜ౳

View Slide

APΛઃஔͯ͠ΈΔ

ి೾ͷඈͼ͗͢Λ๷͙ඞཁ͕͋Δ

View Slide

ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍
w ి೾͕ඞཁҎ্ʹඈͼ͗͢Δͱɺಉ͡νϟωϧΛ࢖ͬ
͍ͯΔଞͷAPͱ૬ޓʹׯব͕ى͖Δ
w ԕ͘·ͰඈΜͩͱͯ͠΋ɺAPҰ୆͋ͨΓʹऩ༰Ͱ
͖Δ୺຤਺͸ݶΒΕ͍ͯΔ͔Βɺԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͯ͠
΋͔͑ͬͯύϑΥʔϚϯε͸ѱԽ͢Δ

View Slide

ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱσʔλϨʔτ

View Slide

ి೾ͷڧ͞ ڑ཭

ͱ଎౓ CQT

͍͍ͩͨࣗ༝ۭؒΛ૝ఆͨ͠γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ
w
సૹ଎౓͸ɺి೾ͷڧ౓ʹΑͬͯ 
ϦΞϧλΠϜʹมߋ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

View Slide

macOS / OS X Ͱ͸ option + Wi-Fi
ΞΠίϯ Ͱݱࡏ઀ଓதͷ଎౓Λ֬ೝ
Ͱ͖·͢ɻϦΞϧλΠϜʹมԽ͢Δ
༷ࢠ͕Θ͔Γ·͢
ి೾ͷڧ͞ͱ଎౓ CQT

View Slide

w ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕௿͍৔߹ʢ৴߸͕ऑ͍ɺϊΠζ͕ଟ͍ʣɺ
଎౓ CQT
ΛࣗಈతʹԼ͛ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
w ి೾ͷঢ়گ͸ɺ΄ͱΜͲͷ৔߹ԿΒ͔ͷΤϥʔ͕͋Γɺ
ແઢ-"/͸ͦΕΛલఏʹɺ͕Μ͹ͬͯΤϥʔగਖ਼Λ͠
ͳ͕Βಈ͍͍ͯΔ
w ఻ૹഔମ͕ۭؒͦͷ΋ͷͰ͋ΔͨΊɺ඼࣭ͷ༧ଌ͕͠
ʹ͍͘


View Slide

ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸
ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜
ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍·
͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜
ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ
ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ
ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼
ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱
͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ
ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ
ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄
ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ
͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓
·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ
΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ
ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ
زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ
ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘
खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠
ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋
͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ
ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ
૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ
ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏
΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ
ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢
ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ
ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ
ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍
Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ
ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠
͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁
͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ
͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ
ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ
͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ
னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ
ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β
ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠
ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի
͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ
ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓
ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ
ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന
ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ

ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ
΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍
͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ
࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ
ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ
छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ
զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠
ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ
ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ
ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ
ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ
গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ
ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ
΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ
ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ
Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ
͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ
͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠
͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏
ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ
͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸
ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ
͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ
ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ
҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ
χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ
ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ
ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠
΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ
ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ
ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ
ϊΠζʢଞͷ௨৴ʣʹຒ΋ΕͨΒ஗͍΄͏͕༗ར

View Slide

ʮ·͋ɺ଴ͯΑɺ଴ͯͬʯͱΠϫϯ͸সͬͯɺʮ͍΍ʹٯ্͕ͤΔ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ͓·͕͑ݬ૝ͱݴ͏ΜͳΒɺͦΕͰ΋͍͍ΑʂɹΉΖΜɺݬ૝͞ɺ͕ͩͳɺ͓·͑͸
ຊ౰ʹɺۙੈͷΧτϦοΫڭͷӡಈͷશ෦͕ɺ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷΈΛ໨తͱ͢Δݖྗͷر๬ʹ͗͢ͳ͍ͱࢥͬͯΔͷ͔͍ʁɹ͍ͦͭ͸ύΠʔγΠਆ෕ʹͰ΋ڭΘͬͨ͜
ͱ͡Όͳ͍͔ͳʁʯʮ͍͍͑ɺ͍͍͑ɺ൓ରʹɺύΠʔγΠਆ෕͸͍͔ͭͩͬͨɺܑ͞Μͱಉ͡Α͏ͳ͜ͱΛݴΘΕͨ͜ͱ͑͋͞Γ·͢Αʜʜ͔͠͠ɺΉΖΜҧ͍·
͢ɺ·ΔͰҧ͍·͢ΑʯͱɺΞϦϣʔγϟ͸͋Θͯͯݴ͍ͳ͓ͨ͠ɻʮ͍΍ɺ͍ͦͭ͸ɺ͓·͕͑ʰ·ΔͰҧ͏ʱͱݴͬͨͱ͜ΖͰɺͳ͔ͳ͔وॏͳใࠂͩͥɻͦ͜
ͰҰ͓ͭ·͑ʹฉ͖͍ͨͷ͸ͶɺͲ͏͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͓·͑ͷ͍͏ΤζΠλ΍৹໰׭ͨͪ͸ɺͨͩ෺࣭తͳ൰͍͠޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈʹஂ݁ͨ͠ͱ͍͏Μ͍ͩʁɹͳͥ൴Βͷ
ͳ͔ʹ͸ɺҒେͳΔ༕यʹ೰Έͳ͕ΒɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δड೉ऀ͕Ұਓ΋͍ͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͍ͩʁɹͶɺ͚͕Εͨ෺࣭త޾෱ΛͷΈׇڼ͍ͯ͠Δɺ͜͏͍͏࿈தͷͳ͔ʹ΋ɺ
ͤΊͯҰਓ͙Β͍ɺ๻ͷ࿝৹໰׭ͷΑ͏ͳਓ͕͋ͬͨͱ૝૾ͯ͠΋͍͍͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ൴͸ߥ໺Ͱ૲ͷࠜΛ৯͍ͳ͕ΒɺΈ͔ͣΒࣗ༝ͳ׬શͳ΋ͷʹͳΔͨΊʹɺࣗ෼
ͷ೑ମΛ੐෰͠Α͏ͱͯ͠ڰຉͨ͠ͷ͕ͩɺਓྨΛѪ͢Δ೦ʹ͸ੜ֔มΘΓ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͷ͞ɻͱ͜Ζ͕ɺҰேɺࠌવͱͯ͠ҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡ͢Δͱ͍͏ਫ਼ਆతͳ޾෱
͸ͦΕ΄ͲҒେͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛେޛͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕ͸ɺҙࢤͷ׬੒ʹ౸ୡͨ࣌͠ʹ͸ɺࣗ෼Ҏ֎ͷ਺ԯͷਆͷࢠ͕ɺͨͩᅑসͷର৅෺ͱͳͬͯ͠·͏ɺ
ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛೝΊ͟ΔΛಘͳ͍͔Βͩɻશ͘൴Β͸ࣗ෼ͷࣗ༝ΛͲ͏ॲஔ͍͍͔ͯ͠΋Θ͔Βͳ͍ͷͩɺ͜͏͍͏ѩΕͳ๫ెͷத͔ΒɺόϏϩϯͷౝΛ׬੒͢Δڊਓ
͕ग़ͯདྷΑ͏͸ͣ͸ͳ͍ɺʰҒେͳΔཧ૝Ոʱ͕ɺ͔ͷௐ࿨ΛເΈͨͷ͸ɺ͜Μͳ᳕ௗͷΑ͏ͳ࿈தͷͨΊͰ͸ͳ͍ɺ͜͏͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͰɺ൴͸Ҿͬฦͯ͠ʜʜ
ݡ໌ͳΔਓʑͷ஥ʹՃΘͬͨΘ͚͕ͩɺͦΜͳ͜ͱ͸͋Γಘͳ͍ͱ͍͏ͷ͔͑ʁʯʮ୭ͷ஥ؒ΁ՃΘΔͷͰ͢ɺݡ໌ͳΔਓͱ͸୭ͷ͜ͱͰ͔͢ʁʯΞϦϣʔγϟ͸΄
ͱΜͲܹ৘ʹ͔ΒΕͳ͕Βɺ͜͏ڣΜͩɺʮ൴Βʹ͸͚ͬͯͦ͠Μͳ஌ܙ΋ͳ͚Ε͹ɺͦΜͳਆൿͩͷൿີͩͷͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋͋Γ·ͤΜʜʜ͋Δͷ͸ͨͩɺແਆ࿦ͩ
͚Ͱ͢ɺͦΕ͕൴Βͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ɺܑ͞Μͷ࿝৹໰׭͸ਆΛݴ͍ͯ͡΍͠·ͤΜɺͦΕ͕࿝ਓͷൿີͷશ෦Ͱ͢ʂʯʮͦ͏ͩͱͯ͠΋ɺ͔·ΘΜΑʂɹ΍ͬͱ͓
·͑΋ؾ͕͍ͭͨͬͯΘ͚ͩͶɺ͍΍ɺຊ౰ʹͦͷͱ͓ΓͳΜͩɺຊ౰ʹ൴ͷൿີ͸ͨͩͦͷதʹͷΈؚ·Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΑɺ͔͠͠ɺͦΕ͸൴ͷΑ͏ͳਓؒʹͱͬͯ
΋ۤ͠ΈͰ͸ͳ͍ͩΖ͏͔ɻ൴͸ߥ໺ʹ͓͚ΔۤߦͷͨΊʹࣗ෼ͷҰੜΛ๮ʹৼͬͯ͠·͍ͳ͕ΒɺͦΕͰ΋ਓྨʹର͢ΔѪͱ͍͏පΛɺ༊΍͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ
ͷͩΑɻ΍ͬͱࣗ෼ͷੜ֔ͷ೔຅͝Ζʹͳͬͯɺ͋ͷڪΖ͍͠ਫ਼ྶͷקࠂ͚͕ͩɺ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍൓ٯऀͲ΋ΛʕʕʰᅑসͷͨΊʹ࡞ΒΕͨɺະ׬੒ͳࢼݧతੜ෺ʱΛɺ
زΒ͔͠ͷ͗Α͍ڥ۰ʹ͓͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɺͱ͍͏͜ͱΛ͸͖ͬΓͱ֬৴ͨ͠ͷͩɻͦΕΛ֬৴͢Δͱಉ࣌ʹɺݡ໌ͳΔਫ਼ྶɺڪΖ͍͠ࢮͱഁյͷਫ਼ྶͷͣ͞͠ʹैͬ
ͯਐ·Ͷ͹ͳΒ͵ͱ͍͏͜ͱΛޛͬͨͷͩɻ͜ͷͨΊʹڏِͱ࠮ٗΛऔΓೖΕͯɺਓؒΛ͹ނҙʹࢮͱഁյ΁ಋ͖ɺ͔͠΋൴Β͕Ͳ͏͔ͨ͠͸ͣΈͰɺࣗ෼Βͷߦ͘
खʹײ͔ͮͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɺͭ·ΓɺͤΊͯͦͷ͍͚͋ͩͩͳΓͱɺ͜ͷѩΕͳ໡ਓͲ΋ʹɺࣗ෼Λ޾෱ͳ΋ͷͱࢥΘ͓ͤͯͨ͘ΊͳΜͩɻ͕ͩɺ஫ҙ͠
ͯཉ͍͜͠ͱ͸ɺ͜ͷڏِ΋ΩϦετͷ໊ͷͨΊͩͱ͍͏఺ͩΑɻ࿝ਓ͸ੜ֔ɺ೤྽ʹΩϦετͷཧ૝Λ৴͍ͯͨ͡ͷ͞ʂɹ͜ΕͰ΋ෆ޾Ͱ͸ͳ͔Ζ͏͔ʁɹ΋͠΋
͋ͷʰ͚͕Εͨ޾෱ͷͨΊͷΈͷݖྗʹׇ͍ͯ͠Δʱ܉ୂͷ಄ʹɺ΄ΜͷҰਓͰ΋ɺ͜Μͳਓ෺͕ݱΘΕͨΒʕʕͦͷҰਓ͚ͩͰ΋൵ܶΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ʁɹ
ͦΕ͹͔Γ͔ɺ͜Μͳਓ͕ͨͬͨҰਓͰ΋಄ʹཱ͍ͬͯͨΒɺϩʔϚͷࣄۀʢͦͷ܉ୂ΋ΤζΠλ೿΋ΈΜͳҾͬ͘ΔΊͯʣϩʔϚͷࣄۀʹର͢Δຊ౰ͷࢦಋతͳཧ
૝ΛੜΉʹे෼͡Όͳ͍͔ɺ๻͸͜͏அݴ͢Δʕʕ͜͏ͨ͠ʰ།Ұਓऀʱ͸ɺ͋ΒΏΔӡಈͷࢦಋऀͷ͍͋ͩʹɺࠓ·Ͱ͚ͬͯ͠ઈ͑ͨ͜ͱ͕ͳ͍ɻ͜ͱʹΑͬͨΒɺ
ϩʔϚૐਖ਼ͷ͍͋ͩʹ΋ɺ͜ͷछͷ།Ұਓऀ͕ͳ͔ͬͨͱ΋ݶΒͳ͍͔Βͳ͋ɻͦΕͲ͜Ζ͔ɺ͜͏ͯ͠ඇৗʹࣥ፠ʹɺඇৗʹࣗݾྲྀʹਓྨΛѪ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͷͷΖ͏
΂͖࿝ਓ͸ɺಉ͡Α͏ͳʰ།Ұਓऀతʱ࿝ਓͷେ܈ूͷܗΛͱͬͯɺࠓ΋ݱʹଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ͷͩɺ͔͠΋ͦΕ͸͚ͬͯ͠ۮવͰ͸ͳ͘ɺͣͬͱલ͔Βൿ
ີΛकΔͨΊʹ૊৫͞Εͨಉໍɺ΋͘͠͸ൿີ݁ࣾͱͯ͠ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɺ͜ͷൿີΛෆ޾ͳ͍͘͡ͷͳ͍ਓؒͲ΋͔ΒӅ͢ͷ͸ɺͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢
ΔͨΊͳΜͩɻͭ·Γ൴ΒΛ޾෱ʹ͢ΔͨΊͳΜͩɺ͜Ε͸ඞͣଘࡏ͢Δɺ·ͨଘࡏ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍͸ͣͩΑɺ๻͸ͳΜ͔ͩϝʔιϯͷجૅʹ΋ɺԿ͔͜Μͳൿ
ີʹྨͨ͠΋ͷ͕͋ΔΜ͡Όͳ͍͔ɺͱ͍͏Α͏ͳؾ͕͢ΔɺΧτϦοΫڭె͕ϝʔιϯ૊߹һΛ଀ΉΘ͚͸ɺ൴ΒΛࣗ෼ͷڝ૪ऀɺͭ·Γɺࣗ෼ͷཧ૝ͷ෼ׂऀͱ
ݟΔ͔Βͩɺ༽ͷ܈Ε΋ҰͭͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͠ɺ຀ऀ΋ҰਓͰͳͪ͘ΌͳΒͳ͍͔ΒͳʜʜͦΕ͸ͦ͏ͱɺ͜Μͳ෩ʹ๻͕ࣗ෼ͷࢥ૝Λหޢ͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺͲ͏΍
Β͓·͑ͷ൷ධʹ͖͚ͨͨͭΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨ࡞ऀͷΑ͏ͩͶɺ͋͞ɺ͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸΋͏ͨ͘͞ΜͩΑʯ
ʮܑ͞Μ͸ɺ΋͔ͨ͠͠Βࣗ෼͕ϝʔιϯ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜͶʂʯͱɺෆҙʹΞϦϣʔγϟ͸ޱΛ͢΂Βͤͨɺʮܑ͞Μ͸ਆΛ৴͍ͯ͡ͳ͍ͷͰ͢Αʯͱ൴͸ݴ͍଍͠
͕ͨɺͦͷ੠͸΋͏ඇৗʹڧ͍൵͠ΈΛଳͼ͍ͯͨɻͦͷ͏͑൴ʹ͸ɺܑ͕ྫྷসతʹࣗ෼ΛோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹײ͡ΒΕͨɻʮͦΕͰɺܑ͞Μͷܶࢻ͸ͲΜͳ෩ʹ׬݁
͢ΔΜͰ͢ʁʯͱɺෆҙʹ൴͸஍໘ΛݟͭΊͳ͕ΒਘͶͨɻʮͦΕͱ΋ɺ΋͏׬݁ͯ͠ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯ

ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ
΋ബ҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰχϟʔχϟʔٽ͍
͍ͯͨࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ
࢝Ίͯਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠΋͋ͱͰ
ฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑѱͳ
छ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ͜ͷॻੜͱ͍͏ͷ͸࣌ʑ
զʑΛั͑ͯࣽͯ৯͏ͱ͍͏࿩Ͱ͋Δɻ͔͠
ͦ͠ͷ౰࣌͸Կͱ͍͏ߟ΋ͳ͔͔ͬͨΒผஈ
ڪ͍͠ͱ΋ࢥΘͳ͔ͬͨɻͨͩ൴ͷঠʹࡌͤ
ΒΕͯεʔͱ্࣋ͪ͛ΒΕͨ࣌Կ͔ͩϑϫϑ
ϫͨ͠ײ͕͋ͬͨ͡͹͔ΓͰ͋Δɻঠͷ্Ͱ
গ͠མ͍ͪͭͯॻੜͷإΛݟͨͷ͕͍ΘΏΔ
ਓؒͱ͍͏΋ͷͷݟ࢝Ͱ͋Ζ͏ɻ͜ͷ࣌ົͳ
΋ͷͩͱࢥͬͨײ͕͡ࠓͰ΋࢒͍ͬͯΔɻୈ
ҰໟΛ΋ͬͯ૷০͞Ε΂͖͸ͣͷإ͕ͭΔͭ
Δͯ͠·ΔͰༀ؈ͩɻͦͷޙೣʹ΋͍ͩͿѭͬ
͕ͨ͜Μͳยྠʹ͸Ұ౓΋ग़ձΘͨ͠ࣄ͕ͳ
͍ɻͷΈͳΒͣإͷਅத͕͋·Γʹಥىͯ͠
͍Δɻͦ͏ͯͦ͠ͷ݀ͷத͔Β࣌ʑ΀͏΀͏
ͱԎΛਧ͘ɻͲ͏΋ҺͤΆ࣮ͯ͘ʹऑͬͨɻ
͜Ε͕ਓؒͷҿΉԎ૲ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͋Δࣄ͸
ɹޗഐ͸ೣͰ͋Δɻ໊લ
͸·ͩແ͍ɻ
ɹͲ͜ͰੜΕ͔ͨͱΜͱ
ݟ౰͕͔ͭ͵ɻԿͰ΋ബ
҉͍͡Ί͡Ίͨ͠ॴͰ
χϟʔχϟʔٽ͍͍ͯͨ
ࣄ͚ͩ͸هԱ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
ޗഐ͸͜͜Ͱ࢝Ίͯਓؒ
ͱ͍͏΋ͷΛݟͨɻ͔͠
΋͋ͱͰฉ͘ͱͦΕ͸ॻ
ੜͱ͍͏ਓؒதͰҰ൪ᘑ
ѱͳछ଒Ͱ͋ͬͨͦ͏ͩɻ
͋͋ɺͦͷ࣌Ͱ͢ɻഎޙͷฌࣷͷ΄͏͔Βɺ୭΍Βۚ௤ͰఝΛଧͭԻ͕ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
τΧτϯτϯͱฉ͑·ͨ͠ɻͦΕΛฉ͍ͨͱͨΜʹɺ؟͔Βྡྷ͕མͪΔͱ͸͋Μ
ͳ࣌ͷײ͡Λݴ͏ͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ɺ൵૖΋ݫॗ΋Ұॠͷ͏ͪʹফ͑ɺࢲ͸ጪ͖΋ͷ
͔Β཭ΕͨΑ͏ʹɺ͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺͳΜͱ΋Ͳ͏ʹ΋നʑ͍͠ؾ࣋ͰɺՆͷਅ
னͷ࠭ݪΛோΊݟ౉͠ɺࢲʹ͸೗ԿͳΔײ֒΋ɺԿ΋Ұͭ΋༗Γ·ͤΜͰͨ͠ɻ
ɹͦ͏ͯ͠ࢲ͸ɺϦϡοΫαοΫʹͨ͘͞Μͷ΋ͷΛͭΊࠐΜͰɺ΅Μ΍Γނڷ
ʹؼؐ͠·ͨ͠ɻ
ɹ͋ͷɺԕ͔͘Βฉ͑ͯདྷͨ༓͔ͳɺۚ௤ͷԻ͕ɺෆࢥٞͳ͘Β͍៉ྷʹࢲ͔Β
ϛϦλϦζϜͷݬӨΛണ͗ͱͬͯ͘Εͯɺ΋͏࠶ͼɺ͋ͷ൵૖Β͍͠ݫॗΒ͍͠
ѱເʹਲΘ͞ΕΔͳΜͯࣄ͸ઈରʹແ͘ͳͬͨΑ͏Ͱ͕͢ɺ͔ͦ͠͠ͷখ͍͞Ի
͸ɺࢲͷ೴਷ͷۚతΛࣹ؏͍ͯ͠·ͬͨ΋ͷ͔ɺͦΕҎޙ͛Μ͍͟·Ͱଓ͍ͯɺ
ࢲ͸࣮ʹҟ༷ͳɺ͍·Θ͍͠ᚖᚉ࣋ͪΈ͍ͨͳஉʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ
ɹͱݴͬͯ΋ܾͯ͠ɺڜ๫ͳൃ࡞ͳͲΛى͢ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻͦͷ൓
ରͰ͢ɻԿ͔෺ࣄʹײܹ͠ɺฃཱ͍ͱ͏ͱ͢ΔͱɺͲ͔͜Βͱ΋ແ͘ɺ༓͔ʹɺ
τΧτϯτϯͱ͋ͷۚ௤ͷԻ͕ฉ͑ͯདྷͯɺͱͨΜʹࢲ͸͖ΐΖΓͱͳΓɺ؟લ
ͷ෩ܠ͕·ΔͰ΋͏Ұมͯ͠͠·ͬͯɺө͕ࣸ;ͬͱதઈͯ͋͠ͱʹ͸ͨͩ७ന
ͷεΫϦϯ͚͕ͩ࢒ΓɺͦΕΛ·͡·͡ͱோΊ͍ͯΔΑ͏ͳɺԿͱ΋͸͔ͳ͍ɺ
ࣗ෼ͷ௨৴͸ଞऀͷ௨৴ʹͱͬͯϊΠζͱͳΔ

View Slide

ϊΠζͱ଎౓ CQT

৴߸ͷ඼࣭(S/N)ʹ
৴߸ిྗ
ϊΠζిྗ
৴߸ిྗΛߴΊΔʹ͸
wૹ৴ػΛϋΠύϫʔͳ΋ͷʹ͢Δ
wड৴ػͷײ౓ΛߴΊΔ
wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ʹి೾ΛૹΒͳ͍
ϊΠζిྗΛԼ͛Δʹ͸
wແؔ܎ͳଞͷແઢہΛϩʔύϫʔʹͯ͠΋Β͏
wΞϯςφͷࢦ޲ੑΛߴΊͯແବͳํ޲ͷϊΠζΛरΘͳ͍
wड৴ػ಺෦΍ࣗવքͰൃੜ͢ΔϊΠζΛ௿ݮ͢Δ

View Slide

௨ৗ͸นͳͲ͕͋ΔͷͰɺ͜͏͍͏ి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΓɺ

View Slide

଎౓͸͜Μͳײ͡ɺࠨԼͷ෦԰͸ͪΐͬͱͭΒ͍

View Slide

·ͱΊ
w ి೾͸൒ೋॏϝσΟΞͰɺۭؒΛڞ༗
w ޫͷΑ͏ͳ఻ൖಛੑ
w ಉ͡प೾਺ͷి೾͕ࠞ͟ΔͱׯবΛى͜͢
w νϟωϧར༻཰Λ௿͘อͭͨΊʹ͸ηϧઃܭ͕ॏཁ
w ి೾ͷ඼࣭͕ѱ͍ͱσʔλϨʔτ͕௿Լ͢Δ

View Slide

νϟωϧར༻཰

View Slide

ࠞࡶͱ͸ʁ
w ແઢ௨৴͸ۭ࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ
Λ઎༗ͯ͠ߦͳ͏ 
εΠονϯά͠ͳ͍
w ಉ࣌ʹෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕௨৴Ͱ͖ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ͚Ͳ 
ͦͷॠؒͰ͸ɺ௨৴͸ඞͣͰߦΘΕ͍ͯͯ 
΄͔ͷ୺຤͸଴ػ͍ͯ͠Δ

View Slide

Ұ୆ͷΞΫηεϙΠϯτͱෳ਺ͷ୺຤͕
࣌ؒͰ۠੾ͬͯॱ൪ʹσʔλΛసૹ͢Δ
͋ΔҰॠͰ͸"1ͱ୺຤͸νϟωϧΛ઎༗͍ͯ͠Δ

View Slide

઎༗࣌ؒɺॱ൪ͳͲ΋͹Β͹Β
௨৴಺༰͕ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ

View Slide

ͨͱ͑͹ɺ
5୆ͷ୺຤ʹ10KBͣͭɺܭ50KBసૹ͢Δ͜ͱΛߟ͑Δ
શ෦54MbpsͰసૹ

View Slide

సૹϨʔτ(bps)͸ి೾ڧ౓ʹΑͬͯมΘΔ
ΦϨϯδͷ୺຤ͷసૹ଎౓͕2MbpsʹԼ͕ͬͨ৔߹ɺ

View Slide

ʂʁ

View Slide

w ಉ͡50KBΛసૹ͢Δͷʹɺ஗͍୺຤͕Ұ୆͍Δ͚ͩͰ
࣌ؒ ΤΞλΠϜ
͕5ഒ͘Β͍ແବʹͳͬͨ
w ஗͍୺຤ͷ௨৴͕ऴΘΔͷΛɺΈΜͳ଴͍ͬͯΔ
w ஗͍୺຤ͷଘࡏ͸ϦιʔεΛ৯͍௵͢

୺຤͕Ұ୆஗͍ͱશମ͕஗͘ͳΔ

View Slide

஗͍ϨʔτΛDisableʹͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏
ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹͗͢͠ͳ͍
஗͍ϨʔτͰ௨৴ͤ͞ͳ͍

View Slide

w ి೾Λԕ͘·Ͱඈ͹ͳ͍Α͏ʹͰ͖Δ
w ԼͷΦϨϯδ৭ͷΑ͏ͳ͜ͱΛى͜Γʹ
͘͘Ͱ͖Δ

஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛ੍ݶ͢Δͱ

View Slide

Airtime Fairness (ATF)
w ಛఆͷ஗͍୺຤͕શମͷ଍ΛҾͬுΒͳ͍Α͏ʹɺ
ΤΞλΠϜΛͳΔ΂͘ۉ౳ʹׂΓ౰ͯΔٕज़
w ࠷ۙͷΤϯλʔϓϥΠζ޲͚੡඼ʹ౥ࡌ

View Slide

·ͱΊ
w ஗͍σʔλϨʔτͰ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ୺຤͸ɺશମͷ଍
ΛҾͬுΔ
w νϟωϧར༻཰͕ߴͯ͘ෆ҆ఆͳ৔߹ɺ஗͍σʔλ
ϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰվળͰ͖ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ
w ͨͩ͠஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛແޮʹ͢Δͱి೾ͷಧ
͘ൣғ͸ڱ͘ͳΔ

View Slide

ଌఆثͰݟͯΈΔ

View Slide

஗͍୺຤͕͍Δঢ়ଶͬͯͲΜͳͷ
w νϟωϧͷ࢖༻཰74.67%ʢߴ͗͢Δʣ
w ͦΕͳͷʹεϧʔϓοτ͕769Kb͔͠ग़͍ͯͳ͍

๭ॴվળલ

View Slide

஗͍୺຤ͬͯͲΕ͘Β͍अຐ
w ԣ࣠͸ಉ࣌ؒ͡
w ໼ҹͷλΠϛϯάͰɺ੺ 1Mbps
͸νϟωϧར༻
཰Λ্͘͢͝ঢ͍ͤͯ͞Δͷʹɺεϧʔϓοτ͕
શવग़͍ͯͳ͍

View Slide

஗͍σʔλϨʔτΛېࢭ͢ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔ
w ࠷௿Λ36MbpsʹઃఆɺͦΕະຬΛېࢭ
w νϟωϧ࢖༻཰Λ໿75%ˠ2.5%·Ͱվળ

๭ॴվળޙ

View Slide

ແઢLANͷٕज़

View Slide

MIMO
ͻͱͭͷνϟωϧʹͯɺෳ਺ͷΞϯςφΛ࢖༻ͯ͠
ෳ਺ͷετϦʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹૹ৴͢Δͷ͕MIMO
ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ ૹ৴Ξϯςφͭ น͋Γ

ి೾Λ೾໲ͱͯ͠Πϝʔδͯ͠ΈΔ
Ͱ΋ಉ͡νϟωϧͰಉ࣌ʹ௨৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͸ͩͬͨͷͰ͸ʜ
Ͳ͏ͯ͠ಉ͡νϟωϧͰෳ਺ૹ৴Ͱ͖Δͷ͔

View Slide

MIMO
ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨ͠
ड৴ଆͷΞϯςφͰ͸s1, s2 ͕ࠞͬͯ͟ड৴͞ΕΔ
఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋ΓɺͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂͓ͯ͘
఻ૹ࿏͕ط஌ͳΒs1, s2 ʹؔ͢Δ࿈ཱํఔࣜΛղ͚Δ
୺຤Ͱs1, s2 ͕෼཭Ͱ͖Δ
ଳҬ෯͕ഒʹͳͬͨɺΊͰͨ͠
s1
s2
h11
h21
h12
h22
h11s1ʴh12s2
h21s1ʴh22s2

View Slide

MIMO
΋͠Ξϯςφ͕෺ཧతʹ཭Ε͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒ ఻ૹ࿏ͷۭؒ૬ؔߴ

s1
s2
h11
h21
h12
h22
h11s1ʴh12s2
h21s1ʴh22s2
Ξϯςφ͕͍ۙͱ
w ૬ޓʹճΓࠐΈ͕ൃੜͯ͠෼཭͕೉͘͠ͳΓɺಛੑ͕ྼԽ͢Δ
w 0.5Е͘Β͍͸཭͍ͨ͠
w Ͱ΋ΞϯςφΛ཭͢ͱ୺຤ͷখܕԽ͕೉͘͠ͳΔ
w MIMOετϦʔϜ਺ Ξϯςφ਺
Λ૿΍͢ͱ͞ΒʹখܕԽ͕೉͍͠
ͦ΋ͦ΋෼཭ͷܭࢉ͕͚ͬ͜͏େมͳͷͰ͢ΑͶʜͦΕͳΒ͹ʜ

View Slide

MIMO
ͭͷ৴߸(s1, s2)Λಉ࣌ʹૹड৴͍ͨͦ͠ͷ
఻ૹ࿏͕ͭ͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯAPʹૹΓฦ͢
AP͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड
৴ΞϯςφͰs1, s2 ͕෼཭ͣΈʹͳΔΑ͏ʹɺσʔλૹ৴લʹ
ࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ
୺຤ଆͰ෼཭ͷܭࢉΛ͠ͳͯ͘Α͍ͷͰলిྗԽʹ༗ར
 
୺຤ͷΞϯςφͷ͏ͪɺड৴ର৅Ͱͳ͍΄͏ͷΞϯςφͰిྗ͕࠷খ OVMM
ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹՃ޻͢Δ
s1
s2
h11
h21
h12
h22
s1
s2
[H]

View Slide

ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯά
఻ૹ࿏͕ଟ਺͋Γɺ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢
"1͸఻ૹ࿏ͷԠ౴͕Θ͔͍ͬͯΔͷͰɺ୺຤ͷͦΕͧΕͷड৴Ξϯ
ςφͰs ͕࠷େͷి೾ڧ౓ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͔ͯ͠Βૹ৴͢Δ
ׯব΍นͷ൓ࣹͰ೾ͷೱ୶Λ͏·͘࡞ͬͯɺ୺຤ͷଘࡏ͢Δ৔ॴͷ
೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ
s1
s2
[H]
s1
s2
s3
นͷ൓ࣹ
MIMOͷΑ͏ʹෳ਺ͷૹ৴ػ͔Βಉ࣌ૹ৴͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺΞϨΠΞϯςφΛΞφϩάతʹεΠονϯάͯ͠ࢦ޲
ੑΛ࡞Δํ๏΋͋Γ·͢ɻ
ׯব΍൓ࣹͷ߹੒Λຯํʹ͚ͭͯ೾͕ڧ͘ͳΔͱ͜ΖΛ࡞Δ

View Slide

MU-MIMO
ෳ਺͍Δ୺຤͸ͦͷԠ౴Λௐ΂ͯ"1ʹૹΓฦ͢
"1͸ͦΕͧΕͷϑϨʔϜ͕ɺѼઌͷ୺຤Ͱి೾ڧ౓࠷େʹͳΓɺ
ѼઌͰͳ͍୺຤Ͱ͸࠷খʹͳΔΑ͏ʹࣄલՃ޻͢Δ
ࣄલՃ޻ͨ͠ϑϨʔϜΛಉ࣌ʹෳ਺Ѽʹૹ৴͢Δ
୺຤͸ͻͱͭͣͭ"$,Λฦ͢
s1
s2
s1
s2
s3
นͷ൓ࣹ
ϏʔϜϑΥʔϛϯάͰۭ͍ͨ஍఺ɺۭ͍ͨͳΒ࢖ͬͯ͠·͏

View Slide

DFS
Ϩʔμʔͷి೾͕ଘࡏͨ͠Βૹ৴ͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍
w 5GHzଳʹ͸ઌ٬Ͱ͋Δؾ৅Ϩʔμʔ͕͋ΔͨΊɺϨʔμʔ͕͍ͨΒผͷϨʔμʔ
͕͍ͳ͍νϟωϧʹมߋ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Δ
w Ϩʔμʔ͕͍ͳ͍͜ͱΛ࠷௿෼ؒ͸֬ೝ͢Δٛ຿͕͋Γɺ෼ؒҎ্Կ΋ૹ৴Ͱ
͖ͳ͘ͳΔͨΊɺ઀ଓ్͕੾ΕΔݪҼͱͳΔ
w 802.11a,20MHz෯Ͱ࢖͍ͬͯͨͱ͖͸νϟωϧʹ༨༟͕͕͋ͬͨɺνϟωϧϘϯ
σΟϯάʹΑͬͯόϯυ෯Λ޿͘࢖͏Α͏ʹͳΓɺDFSͷӨڹΛड͚΍͘͢ͳͬͨ
w ࠷ۙͷ੡඼Ͱ͸Ϩʔμʔ೾͕ݕग़͞ΕͨΒνϟωϧϘϯσΟϯάΛϑΥʔϧόο
Ϋͯ͠ॖୀͭͭ͠ఀ೾͸ආ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯͨΓɺϨʔμʔ೾Λݕग़͢Δલ͔
ΒଞͷνϟωϧΛεΩϟϯ͓͖ͯ͠ɺͰ͖Δ͚ͩఀ೾͠ͳ͍ͰνϟωϧΛมߋ͢
Δٕज़͕༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔ

View Slide

Captive Portal (capport)

View Slide

Captive Portalͱ͸
ެऺແઢ-"/ͳͲʹ઀ଓͨ͠ͱ͖ʹग़ͯ͘Δը໘ 
໨త
wೝূ
w՝ۚ
w৘ใදࣔ
Webϒϥ΢β͕࢖͑Ε͹୺຤Λ໰Θͳ͍
࣮૷͕ൺֱత༰қ

View Slide

Captive Portalͷ࢓૊Έ

ॳظঢ়ଶͰ͸Πϯλʔωοτ΁ͷ઀ଓΛϒϩοΫ
୺຤͔ΒͷhttpϦΫΤετΛԣऔΓͯ͠ผͷೝূϖʔδ 
ͳͲʹϦμΠϨΫτ
ೝূͳͲ͕௨Ε͹઀ଓΛڐՄ
ೝূϖʔδ
ͳͲ
Internet

View Slide

Captive Portalͷ໰୊

w TLSΤϥʔ
w httpsΛԣऔΓ͢Δ
w Τϥʔ͕ग़ͯ΋ଓߦ͢Δश׳͕͍ͭͯ͠·͏
w ϒϥ΢βҎ֎ͷ୺຤
w εϚʔτϑΥϯͷΞϓϦͳͲɺΠϯλʔωοτ઀ଓΛ
ཁٻ͢Δ͕httpͷԣऔΓ͕ෆՄೳͳ΋ͷ
w IoTσόΠεͳͲදࣔ΍ೖྗೳྗͷͳ͍୺຤

View Slide

Captive Portal Detection

w Webϒϥ΢βͰͳͯ͘΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ɺOSଆͰCaptive-
Portal Λѻ͏࢓૊Έ
w ͜Μͳը໘͕Լ͔ΒχϣΩͬͱग़ͯ͘Δˠ
w ͞·͟·ͳ࣮૷ͷCaptive Portal͕͋Δ
w OS͸Ͳ͏΍ͬͯݕग़͢Δ
w Ͳ͏΍ͬͯදࣔೖྗ͢Δ
w Ͳ͏ͳͬͨΒ઀ଓ੒ޭ
w ׬શͳdetection͕ࠔ೉

View Slide

Captive Portal Detection

w ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕man-in-the-middle attack ͔ͩΒ
ͦ΋ͦ΋ແཧ͕͋Δ
w Captive Portal ͷ࣮૷͕͹Β͹Β
w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹ݕग़΋ͪΌΜͱͰ͖Δ
w खॱ͕໌֬ʹͳ͍ͬͯΕ͹httpΛԣऔΓͳΜͯཪٕ
Έ͍ͨͳ͜ͱΛ͠ͳͯ͘΋Α͘ͳΔ

View Slide

ެऺແઢ-"/ͷར༻ऀ৘ใ֬ೝ

View Slide

ྫ͑͹ɺ֗ͷΧϑΣܦӦऀ͕͓٬͞Μ
΁αʔϏεͱͯ͠Πϯλʔωοτ઀ଓ
ΛແྉͰఏڙ͍ͨ͠৔߹ɺͲ͏͢Δ
w ՈిྔൢళͰແઢ-"/ϧʔλΛങ͖ͬͯͯઃஔ͠14,Λڭ͑Δ
w ͜ͷճઢ͔Βѱ͞Λ͢Δਓ͕͍ͨΒ
w Ոఉ༻ػث͸ϩάΛ࢒͠ʹ͍͘
w ళ֎΁࿙Εͨి೾͔Β઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
w ެऺແઢ-"/ͷಋೖ
w ແྉ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍
w ݸਓܦӦͷళͰ͸೉͍͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍

͚ͩ͜͜ͷ࿩ɺ։ࣔ੥ٻ͸ҙ֎ͱདྷ·͢ɻ
͚ͬ͜͏ΊΜͲ͏Ͱ͢ʜ

View Slide

8J'Jఏڙऀ޲͚ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦͷखҾ͖
w ΧϑΣͷྫͰ΋ࢀߟʹͳΔखҾ͖
w ͔͠͠ʮར༻ऀ৘ใͷద੾ͳ֬ೝʯ
ͷ߲໨͚ͩ೉қ౓͕ߴ͍
w 4.4͸ͱ΋͔͘ɺ4/4ΞΧ΢ϯ
τ΍ϝʔϧΞυϨεʹΑΔೝূͷ
࣮ޮੑ͸

http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/security/cmn/wi-ﬁ/Wi-Fi_manual_for_AP.pdf

View Slide

Probe Request

View Slide

ແઢ-"/ͷ઀ଓखॱ
୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
୺຤͕"1ͷҰཡΛදࣔ
Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
ೝূ
઀ଓ׬ྃ
୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

View Slide


୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
ೝূ
઀ଓ׬ྃ
୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ

View Slide

୺຤͕"1Λ୳͢
w "1͔Βఆظతʹ์ૹ͞ΕΔϏʔίϯϑϨʔϜΛड৴ 
डಈతͳݕग़

·ͨ͸
w ୺຤͕ Probe Request ϑϨʔϜΛૹ৴͠"1͕Ԡ౴ͨ͠
Probe Response Λ୺຤͕ड৴ 
ೳಈతͳݕग़

Ϣʔβ͕"1Λબ୒
ೝূ
઀ଓ׬ྃ
୺຤ʹ઀ଓΛهԱ ΋Մೳ

View Slide

डಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

"1͸௨৴૬ख͕͍ͳ͍ͱ͖΋ɺ
SSIDͳͲΛఆظతʹ์ૹ͍ͯ͠Δ
(IEEE802.11 beacon frame)

View Slide

ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

୺຤͸Ϗʔίϯͷड৴Λ଴ͨͣʹɺੵۃతʹݕग़
ཁٻΛૹ৴͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ
AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request)
ʮAP ୭͔͍·͔͢ʯ
AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response)
ʮ͸͍ ͪ͜Β͸”MY_HOME_WIFI”ʯ

View Slide

ೳಈతͳ"1ͷݕग़

୺຤͸44*%Λ໊ࢦ͠Ͱੵۃతʹݕग़ཁٻΛૹ৴
͢Δ͜ͱ΋Ͱ͖Δ
͜ͷํ๏Ͱͳ͍ͱ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ 
44*%ΛϒϩʔυΩϟετ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ͳͲ

AP ݕग़ཁٻ (Probe Request)
ʮAP “MY_HOME_WIFI” ͍·͔͢ʯ
AP ݕग़Ԡ౴ (Probe Response)
ʮ͸͍ʯ

View Slide

໰୊఺

୺຤͸ɺࣗ෼ͷډ৔ॴ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ 
AP͕ͳ͍͸ͣͷ৔ॴͰ΋Probe RequestΛૹΔ

View Slide

Probe Request ʹؚ·ΕΔ಺༰

w ୺຤ͷແઢ-"/ΠϯλϑΣΠεͷMACΞυϨε
w ୳͍ͯ͠ΔSSID(ESSID)
˺઀ଓΛهԱͤͯ͋͞ΔSSID

View Slide


b8:f6:b1:14:..:.. (Apple) ͷॴ༗ऀ͸ iis-visitor ʹ
઀ଓͨ͜͠ͱ͕͋ΔΑ͏Ͱ͢ɻ

View Slide


w ͜ͷΑ͏ʹҰ౓ʹෳ਺ͷSSID΁Probe RequestΛૹ৴͢
Δ͜ͱ͕͋Δ
w MACΞυϨεͱSSIDͷ૊Έ߹Θͤ୯ମͰ͸͋·Γҙຯ
Λͳ͞ͳ͔ͬͨϑϨʔϜ͕ɺ໊دͤͷՄೳੑΛ͓ͼͯ
͘Δ
w ͜ͷྫͰ͸زͭ΋ͷγΣΞΦϑΟεʹग़ೖΓ͍ͯ͠Δ
͜ͱɺಛఆͷݸਓͱަ༑ؔ܎ʹ͋Δ͜ͱ͕ਪଌͰ͖Δ

View Slide


w ESSID(͍ΘΏΔSSID
ؚ͕·ΕΔ͕ɺBSSID(APͷMACΞυϨε

͸ؚ·Εͳ͍
w Α͋͘ΔSSIDͳΒࣝผͰ͖ͳ͍
w SSID಺ʹBSSIDؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸׬શʹϢχʔΫ
w BSSID͔ΒAPͷҐஔ৘ใΛҾ͚ͯ͠·͏ 
https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/geolocation/ 
Ұൠతʹެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ"1*Ͱ͸#44*%͕ͭҎ্ඞཁ͕ͩɺϓϥΠϕʔτ"1*Ͱ͸ͭͰҾ͚Δ΋ͷ΋͋Δ

w ͨͱ͑͹00005E0053FF_AͷΑ͏ͳSSID͸ઃஔ৔ॴ
·Ͱ࿙ΕΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍

View Slide

౎಺ͰProbe RequestΛϲ݄ؒड৴͠ɺ୺຤
͕ཁٻ͍ͯ͠ΔAPͷҐஔ͕ਪଌͰ͖ͨ΋ͷ
APͷҐஔ͕࿙ΕΔ ͱ͸
ඇެ։

View Slide

ಛఆͷ୺຤Λ௥੻Ͱ͖Δ

lܞଳి࿩΍λϒϨοτͷ8J'JΛΦϯʹͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰɺ1IJM[ʹೖΔ͔ళͷલΛ
௨ա͢ΔͱɺಉΧϑΣ͸&VDMJEͷ෼ੳγεςϜ࢖ͬͯͦͷσόΠεΛۙྡͷ
தͰଞͷσόΠεͱ۠ผ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͩɻͦΕ͕Θ͔Ε͹ɺళ͸ଞͷσʔ
λͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤͯԿΒ͔ͷ݁ՌΛಋ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻྫ͑͹ɺళͷۙ͘΍த
ʹ͍ͨ࣌ؒ΍ɺͲ͜ʹཱ͍͔ͬͯͨ΋ɻz
1IJM[$P⒎FFɺ8J'Jར༻ͷސ٬෼ੳΛϓϥΠόγʔ໰୊ʹΑΓதࢭ(2014/05 TetchCrunch) 
http://jp.techcrunch.com/2014/05/30/20140529philz-coﬀee-drops-euclid-analytics-over-privacy-concerns/
ΰϛശωοτϫʔΫ͕εϚϗΛ௥੻ɿϩϯυϯ(2013/08 WIRED) 
http://wired.jp/2013/08/12/recycling-bins-are-watching-you/
lΧॴͷϙΠϯτΛ௨աͨ͠Կेສਓ΋ͷาߦऀ͕ɺؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍͏ͪʹɺ
ࣗ෼ͷεϚʔτϑΥϯ͕࣋ͭݻ༗ͳ."$ΞυϨε தུ
Λɺ3FOFX-POEPO
ࣾʹΑͬͯه࿥͞Ε͍ͯͨͷͩɻz

View Slide

໰୊఺

w ௕ظʹΘͨͬͯ௥੻͞ΕΔ MACΞυϨε͕ݻఆ

w ୺຤ͷॴ༗ऀͱؔ܎ͷ͋ΔஂମɺॅॴͳͲ͕࿙ΕΔ
w ಉ͡୺຤͔Βཁٻͷ͋ΔSSID1ͱSSID2ͷؔ܎ੑ΋ਪଌͰ͖Δ
w ΦϓτΞ΢τ͕೉͍͠
w ୺຤͔Βͷి೾ΛҰํతʹड৴͢Δ͚ͩͰ੒ཱ
w MACΞυϨεͱॴ༗ऀΛඥ͚ͮΒΕΔͱ͞Βʹ໰୊͕ʜ

View Slide

ͦ͜Ͱɺ୺຤ϝʔΧʔ͸ରࡦΛ͖ͯ͠·ͨ͠

View Slide

Ephemeral MAC Address

“ but a new iOS 8 feature is set to cause havoc for location trackers, and score a
major win for privacy. (தུ) When iOS 8 devices look for a connection, they
randomize that address, effectively disguising any trace of the real device until it
decides to connect to a network.”
J04TUSJLFTBOVOFYQFDUFECMPXBHBJOTUMPDBUJPOUSBDLJOH(2014/06 The Verge) 
http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/9/5792970/ios-8-strikes-an-unexpected-blow-against-location-tracking/
Probe Request ࣌ʹ͸ϥϯμϜԽͨ͠MAC
ΞυϨεΛ࢖༻͢Δ
iOS8.0Ͱ͸͜Ε͕༗ޮʹͳΔ৚͕݅ݫ͘͠ɺ΄ͱΜ
Ͳҙຯ͕ͳ͔͕ͬͨɺ9.0Ҏ߱Ͱ͸͔ͳΓϥϯμϜԽ
͞Ε͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ

View Slide

Ephemeral MAC Address

&YQFSJFODFXJUI."$"EESFTT3BOEPNJ[BUJPOJO8JOEPXT(2015/07 IETF93) 
https://www.ietf.org/proceedings/93/slides/slides-93-intarea-5.pdf
Ͱ΋खݩͷ1$Ͱࢼͨ͠ͱ͜Ζαϙʔτ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍Α͏Ͱͨ͠ʜ
“ Only present if the hardware is recent and supports randomization.”

View Slide

ରॲ๏

w ෆཁͳAPͷઃఆΛ୺຤͔Β࡟আ͢Δ
w APͷSSID͸ͳΔ΂͘ϢχʔΫͰͳ͍΋ͷʹ͢Δ
w ࠷௿Ͱ΋MACΞυϨεؚ͕·ΕΔ΋ͷ͸ආ͚Δ
w SSIDΛεςϧεʹ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕͍͍͔΋
w ୺຤͸εςϧεͷAPʹରͯ͠͸ੵۃతʹProbe
RequestΛૹΔΑ͏ͩ

View Slide

ແઢ-"/ͷಛ௃

View Slide

໔ڐෆཁͰ࢖͑Δ
w ҆ՁͰߴ଎
w ങ͖͙ͬͯͯ͢࢖͑Δ
w ෆ҆ఆ͞Λڐ༰͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍
w ୭΋΄͔ͷແઢہΛഉআͰ͖ͳ͍
w ނҙͷ๦֐͸ɺͦͷߦҝࣗମ͸ҧ๏Ͱ͸ͳ͍৔߹΋͋Δ
w ηΩϡϦςΟ
w ଞਓ͕ԿΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍
w ໔ڐෆཁ͸ྑ͍͜ͱ͹͔Γ͡Όͳ͍
w Α͔ͦΒͷׯবͳͲࣗݾղܾͰ͖ͳ͍໰୊΋͋Δ

View Slide

΋͠໔ڐ͕ඞཁͩͬͨΒ
w ҆ఆͨ͠඼࣭
w ࠃ͕Ϧιʔε ి೾
Λ؅ཧͯ͘͠ΕΔ
w ࠞ৴͸Ͱ͖ΔݶΓഉআ͞ΕΔ
w ໔ڐͳ͠ʹి೾Λग़ͨ͠Βҧ๏
w ๦֐ͨ͠Βి೾๏ҧ൓
w ͳΓ͢·͠΍தؒऀ߈ܸͳͲ΋ ଟ෼
ి೾๏ҧ൓
w ༻్͕ݶΒΕΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍
w ແઢ-"/Έ͍ͨʹരൃతʹීٴ͠ͳ͍
w ࠃ಺େखΩϟϦΞࣾͳͲ

View Slide

ͨͱ͑͹ܞଳ୺຤Ͱ͸
w ௨ৗɺηϧϥʔͱແઢ-"/ͷ྆ํΛ૷උ͍ͯ͠Δ
w ඼࣭͕ࠩঃʑʹॖ·͖͍ͬͯͯΔ
w MulteFire, Wi-Fi Calling ͳͲηϧϥʔଆͰ΋ແઢ
LANଳҬΛੵۃతʹ࢖͏ಈ͖
w ϋΠϒϦουͳແઢωοτϫʔΫͱͯ͠࠶ߏங͞Ε
Α͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ

View Slide

Q&A

View Slide

__END__

View Slide

Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Wi-Fi再入門〜見えない電波を知識で見抜く

Akira KUMAGAI

More Decks by Akira KUMAGAI

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript