2 × 3 = 6

A brief overview of six, a module of “utilities for wrapping between Python 2 and 3,” and cross-version compatibility as a whole.

Transcript

1. 2 × 3 = 6
2. six • Utilities for wrapping between Python 2 and 3 • Multiplication is more powerful • “Five” has already been snatched away by the Zope Five project http://pythonhosted.org/six/
3. Use Case: Reflection
4. >>> text = 'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text, str)! True Python 2
5. >>> text = u'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text, str)! False Python 2
6. >>> text = u'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text, str)! False! >>> isinstance(text, unicode)! True Python 2
7. >>> text1 = 'Lorem ipsum'! >>> text2 = u'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text1, (str, unicode))! True! >>> isinstance(text2, (str, unicode))! True Python 2
8. >>> text1 = 'Lorem ipsum'! >>> text2 = u'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text1, basestring)! True! >>> isinstance(text2, basestring)! True Python 2
9. >>> text = 'Lorem ipsum' # "Unicode"! >>> isinstance(text, str)! True Python 3
10. >>> text = u'Lorem ipsum' ! ! # Python 3.3+! >>> isinstance(text, unicode)! Traceback (most recent call last):! File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>! NameError: name 'unicode' is not defined Python 3
11. >>> text = 'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text, basestring)! Traceback (most recent call last):! File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>! NameError: name 'basestring' is not defined Python 3
12. >>> import six! >>> text = 'Lorem ipsum'! >>> isinstance(text, six.string_types)! True! >>> text = u'Lorem ipsum' # Python 3.3+! >>> isinstance(text, six.string_types)! True six
13. six Python 2 Python 3 class_types type, types.ClassType type integer_types long, int int string_types basestring str text_type unicode str binary_type str, bytes (2.7) bytes MAXSIZE sys.maxsize (2.6+) sys.maxsize
14. Use Case: Syntax Compatibility
15. >>> lv = {}! >>> exec 'x = 3, y = 4' in {}, lv! >>> with open('foo.txt', 'w') as f:! ... print >>f lv['x'], lv['y']! ...! >>> Python 2
16. Python 3 >>> lv = {}! >>> exec('x = 3, y = 4', {}, lv)! >>> with open('foo.txt', 'w') as f:! ... print(lv['x'], lv['y'], file=f)! ...! >>>
17. six >>> from six import exec_, print_! >>> lv = {}! >>> exec_('x = 3, y = 4', {}, lv)! >>> with open('foo.txt', 'w') as f:! ... print_(lv['x'], lv['y'], file=f)! ...! >>>
18. class MetaFoo(type):! pass! ! class Foo(object):! __metaclass__ = MetaFoo Python 2
19. class MetaFoo(type):! pass! ! class Foo(object, metaclass=MetaFoo):! pass Python 3
20. from six import add_metaclass! ! class MetaFoo(type):! pass! ! @add_metaclass(MetaFoo)! class Foo(object):! pass six
21. from six import with_metaclass! ! class MetaFoo(type):! pass! ! class Foo(with_metaclass(object, MetaFoo)):! pass six
22. six Python 2 Python 3 exec_ exec (statement) exec (function) print_ print (statement) print (function) reraise exception re-raising (can contain previous tracebacks) with_metaclass metaclassing (creates an intermediate class) add_metaclass metaclassing (no intermediate class)
23. Use Case: Texts
24. a_byte_string = 'Lorem ipsum'! still_bytestr = b'Lorem ipsum' # 2.7! a_unicode_obj = u'Lorem ipsum' Python 2
25. a_unicode_obj = 'Lorem ipsum'! still_unicode = u'Lorem ipsum' # 3.3+ ! a_byte_string = b'Lorem ipsum' Python 3
26. from six import b, u! a_byte_string = b('Lorem ipsum')! a_unicode_obj = u('Lorem ipsum') six
27. a_unicode_obj = u('Lorem ipsum') six Be careful with this on Python 2!
28. six Python 2 Python 3 b str, bytes (2.7) bytes u unicode (allows escaping) str unichr unichr chr int2byte chr bytes([integer]) byte2int ord(bytestr[0]) bytestr[0]
29. six Python 2 Python 3 indexbytes(buf, i) ord(buf[i]) buf[i] iterbytes(buf) an iterator for a bytes instance buf StringIO StringIO.StringIO io.StringIO BytesIO StringIO.StringIO io.BytesIO
30. Use Case: Name Changes
31. from itertools import izip! ! u = raw_input()! ! for i, v in izip(xrange(len(u)), u):! print i, v Python 2
32. u = input()! ! for i, v in zip(range(len(u)), u):! print i, v Python 3
33. from six.moves import input, zip, range! ! u = input()! ! for i, v in zip(range(len(u)), u):! print i, v six
34. from six.moves import ConfigParser! ! # This will fail on Python 3!! parser = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser() Caveats
35. Read the Doc (Too many to list) http://pythonhosted.org/six/#module-six.moves
36. Advanced Usage • Customised renames • Object model compatibility • six.PY2 and six.PY3 (when all others fail)
37. In the Meantime • pies • Supports 2.6+ only (six supports 2.4+) • Lightweight • python-future • Based on six • Let you write in pure Python 3
38. Related Reading http://pythonhosted.org/six/ http://python3porting.com/differences.html http://docs.python.org/3/library/ http://docs.python.org/2/library/ http://python-future.org https://github.com/timothycrosley/pies