The Use of GIS in Disasters

GIS is a powerful tool in providing a common operational picture during a humanitarian crisis. MapAction is the world's only deployable humanitarian GIS team.

Transcript

1. The use of GIS in disaster response Maps and the geography of disaster Tectonic Hazards Teachers Conference 2014
2. Sign posts •Who am I? •Who is MapAction? •Who is Esri? •GIS & Disaster Response – why and how? •ArcGIS Online •Questions and Answers
3. Wai-Ming Lee • Works for Esri UK – 12 years. • Manage the Online Operations Team. • Hunting Technical Services – 6 years. • Volunteer for MapAction – 9 years. • RGS Geography Ambassador. • Star sign: Virgo. • Chinese zodiac: Ox.
4. Who is Esri and Esri UK? Esri inspires and enables people to positively impact the future through a deeper, geographic understanding of the changing world around them.
5. Who is MapAction?
6. Deployments • Paraguay – Flooding 2014 • Serbia – Flooding, 2014 • South Sudan – Complex Em, 2014 • Philippines – Typhoon, 2013 • India – Cyclone, 2013 • Sudan – Flooding, 2013 • India – Flooding, 2013 • Myanmar – Cyclone, 2013 • Central African Republic – Complex, 2013 • Madagascar - Flooding, 2012 • Comoros - Flooding, 2012 • Brazzaville – Explosion, 2012 • Sahel – Food insecurity, 2012 • Japan – Tsunami & Nuclear, 2011 • Libya – Humanitarian, 2011 • Pakistan – Floods, 2010 • Haiti – Earthquake, 2010
7. ‘Aid in the wrong place is no aid at all’ 7
8. ‘Aid in the wrong place is no aid at all’
10. Three questions…. 1. What makes a disaster, a disaster? 2. Why are maps important? 3. How GIS is used in disaster response
11. The disaster event The disaster risks cycle Hazard maps Vulnerability maps Critical infrastructure maps Evacuation maps Resource maps Relief operations maps Information for affected people Land use maps for reconstruction Recovery planning maps
12. The rescue and relief phase: who needs maps?
13. Affected people and local rescue services
14. International search-and-rescue teams
16. Red Cross/Red Crescent – national and international
17. United Nations agencies
18. Questions about ‘where’ •Where are the survivors of the disaster? •Where are there ongoing hazards? •Where are the relief resources? •Where are other relief agencies already working? •Which ways to reach the affected people?
19. Geographical Information Systems Software + Geospatial data + People + Procedures = GIS To turn geospatial data Into useful information to answer questions
20. What is geospatial data? Maps Satellite images Maseru: 29° 18’ 30’’ South 21° 28’ 30’’ East Coordinate data Information about people related to places Human info with geographic references
21. Where does the data come from? •Remote sensing •Base map data – paper maps and GIS layers •Field data collection – GPS •Situation data – eg casualty reports, assessment reports
22. 5 MEDICAL WATER SHELTER REFUGEES ROUTES EXAMPLE - SITUATION MAPS MapAction WHO-WHAT-WHERE (W3) NEEDS AFFECTED POPULATION INFRASTRUCTURE BASE MAP/IMAGE Mapping using GIS
23. Who What Where?
24. Reference maps Where am I now, and where is the disaster?
25. Risk assessment Where are the worst effects of the hazard likely to impact?
26. Evacuation planning Where are the safe areas and how will people reach them?
27. MapAction’s Earthquake deployments •2011-03-11 Japan Earthquake •2010-01-17 Haiti Earthquake •2009-10-15 Padang Earthquake •2006-07-03 Indonesia Earthquake •2005-10-09 Pakistan Earthquake •2004-12-26 Indian Ocean Earthquake
28. 2011-03-11 – Japan Earthquake • On Friday 11 March 2011 at 05:46 UTC, an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 occurred off the East coast of the Japanese Island of Honshu at the location N 38.322, E 142.369, triggering a tsunami • Team of 2 deployed • Not typical deployment • Translation of Japanese maps
29. 2010-01-17 – Haiti Earthquake • A 7.2 magnitude earthquake occurred in southern Haiti, about 15km from Port au Prince (PAP) on Tuesday 12 January, at 16:53 local time (21:53 UK). • Damage assessment from the air not reliable. • Previous mission data proved invaluable. • MapAction filled in the IM gap • SAR worked 24+ hours at a stretch • Crowdsourced data very useful • Mission 4636
30. © REUTERS/Eduardo Munoz 12 January 2010
31. © REUTERS/Wolfgang Rattay
32. © United Nations/Logan Abass
33. United Nations mission (MINUSTAH) offices
34. GeoEye image 13 Jan 2010
35. UNOSAT map 14 Jan : blocked roads and IDPs
36. DLR map 18 Jan : building damage analysis
37. Pre-disaster (Aug 2009)
38. 13 January (GeoEye)
39. 17 January (air photo)
40. OSM: Pre-earthquake… OpenStreetMap (OSM) …and three days later
42. Affected population Who-What-Where Humanitarian Clusters Reference maps Assessment planning IDP camp locations
44. EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES AND PLATE TECTONICS IN ARCGIS ONLINE C:\USERS\MLEE\DOCUMENTS\MAPACTION\EARTHQUAKE AND SCHOOLS 2014\EARTHQUAKES, VOLCANOES AND PLATE TECTONICS IN ARCGIS ONLINE.PDF
45. Other examples •http://www.esri.com/services/disaster- response/severe-weather/latest-news- map.html •http://www.esri.com/services/disaster- response/earthquakes/latest-news- map.html
46. Get involved •Royal Geographic Society •ArcGIS Online for Schools •MapAction
47. My thoughts? 47 Q & A
48. Thank you! MapAction: minglee@mapaction.org Esri UK: mlee@esriuk.com Twitter: wai_ming_lee website: www.goingspatial.com 48