1 P(f) fitness, f 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 exp(-s/s0 ) P(s) extinction size, s 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 -4 0 4 8 12 P(f) fitness, f 10-10 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 100 101 102 103 104 exp(-(L/L0 )0.6) P(L) species lifetime, L 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 exp(-τ/τ0 ) P(τ) inter-event time, τ 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 100 101 102 103 s-1.5 P(s) extinction size, s 10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 100 102 104 106 108 1010 L-1 exp(-L/L0 ) P(L) species lifetime, L 10-14 10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 100 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 τ-1 P(τ) inter-event time, τ 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 -4 0 4 8 12 P(f) fitness, f 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 100 101 102 103 104 s-1.5 P(s) extinction size, s 10-16 10-14 10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 100 10-2 100 102 104 106 108 1010 1012 L-1 P(L) species lifetime, L 10-15 10-10 10-5 100 10-2 100 102 104 106 108 1010 1012 τ-1.2 P(τ) inter-event time, τ BS model DG model link-based BS model (a-1) (a-2) (a-3) (a-4) (b-1) (b-2) (b-3) (b-4) (c-1) (c-2) (c-3) (c-4) mean-field