Rails 5 and its new features by examples

Transcript

1. Rails 5 And its new features by examples

2. Yoshio Teruia

3. None
4. None

5. Estamos contratando! http://plataformatec.workable.com

6. Rails 5 And its new features by examples

7. E o Action Cable?

8. É uma integração do websocket com o Rails que possibilita

   o desenvolvimento de real-time features. Action Cable

9. goo.gl/qT8DIs

10. goo.gl/Slautj

11. goo.gl/UpwmRD

12. CLI

13. Agora o `rails` pode ser usado para rodar rake tasks

    na CLI. Comandos do Rails centralizado

14. rails db:migrate rails db:create rails test rails routes

15. Testes

16. Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Test Runner

17. Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Rodar um único teste

18. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

19. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

20. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4

21. Não é mais necessário adicionar uma gem. Opção fail fast

22. rails test -f

23. rails test -f

24. A fase de exercise nos testes de integração ficam mais

    explícitas. Kwarg nos métodos de requisição

25. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users'

    do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value', formats: :json } … end end

26. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users'

    do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end

27. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users'

    do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end

28. Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users'

    do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end

29. Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users'

    do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end

30. Asset Pipeline

31. Os logs ficam mais enxuto no modo de desenvolvimento. Possibilidade

    de desabilitar os logs dos assets

32. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:49 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration

    Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (16.8ms) Completed 200 OK in 366ms (Views: 340.1ms | ActiveRecord: 5.0ms) Started GET "/assets/jquery.self-bd7ddd393353a8d2480a622e80342adf488fb6006d667e8b42e4c0073393abee.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/turbolinks.self-c5acd7a204f5f25ce7a1d8a0e4d92e28d34c9e2df2c7371cd7af88e147e4ad82.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- b89234cf2659d7fedea75bca0b8d231ad7dfc2f3f57fcbaf5f44ed9dc384137b.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/jquery_ujs.self-784a997f6726036b1993eb2217c9cb558e1cbb801c6da88105588c56f13b466a.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/ action_cable.self-1641ec3e8ea24ed63601e86efcca7f9266e09f390e82199d56aa7e4bd50e1aa9.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855.css?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/cable.self-6e0514260c1aa76eaf252412ce74e63f68819fd19bf740595f592c5ba4c36537.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300

33. Rails 4 A única forma de desabilitar os logs dos

    assets era instalando uma gem externa.

34. Rails 5 Existe uma configuração para desabilitar os logs dos

    assets e que vem habilitado por padrão.

35. Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load

    code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end

36. Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load

    code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end

37. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:24:36 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration

    Load (0.4ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (12.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 315ms (Views: 293.4ms | ActiveRecord: 3.9ms)

38. Funciona no Rails 4.2.7‼ Essa funcionalidade foi portada para o

    sprocket-rails 3.1.0, ou seja, essa configuração funciona no Rails 4.2.7 sem a necessidade da gem quiet_assets.

39. Active Record

40. Utilizar o UUID como padrão de chave primária

41. Rails 4 Já havia a possibilidade de utilizar o UUID

    como chave primária mas era um pouco verboso.

42. rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t

43. rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def

    change create_table :users do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

44. rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def

    change create_table :users, id: :uuid do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

45. Rails 5 É possível adicionar uma configuração para que todas

    as tabelas utilizem o UUID como pk.

46. rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t

47. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm

    :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end

48. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm

    :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end

49. class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users, id: :uuid

    do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end

50. ⚠Alguns métodos como o `.first` e o `.last` não funcionam

    mais como o esperado.

51. Índice nos erros dos nested attributes

52. Rails 4 Não há uma forma de relacionar os erros

    com as instâncias da associação.

53. class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses validates :name, presence: true

    accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end

54. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

55. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

56. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

57. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

58. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

59. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

60. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }

61. Rails 5 Um índice pode ser adicionado para cada erro.

62. class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence:

    true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end

63. class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence:

    true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end

64. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true

    end end

65. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true

    end end

66. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

67. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

68. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

69. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

70. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

71. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

72. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

73. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

74. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

75. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

76. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

77. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false

    u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }

78. ActiveRelation#or

79. Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `or` é

    escrevendo sql.

80. class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope

    :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end

81. class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope

    :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end

82. Rails 5 Tem o ActiveRelation#or.

83. class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope

    :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end

84. class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope

    :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end

85. Left outer join

86. Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `left join`

    é escrevendo sql.

87. class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id =

    users.id') end

88. class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id =

    users.id') end

89. Rails 5 Tem um método exclusivo para fazer left joins.

90. class User < ApplicationRecord has_many :posts User.left_outer_joins(:posts) end

91. Uma forma prática de identificar os atributos que estão sendo

    utilizadas na view. #accessed_fields

92. class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.all end

    end

93. <table> <thead> <th>Nome</th> <th>Idade</th> </thead> <tbody> <% @users.each do |user|

    %> <tr> <td><%= user.name %></td> <td><%= user.age %></td> </tr> <% end %> </tbody> </table>

94. class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users =

    User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end

95. class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users =

    User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end

96. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration

    Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)

97. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration

    Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)

98. class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.select(:name, :age)

    end end

99. ⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento.

100. ⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento. ⚠Apenas os

     campos que foram lidos são identificados, então cuidado com os que estão dentro de condicionais.

101. As queries ficaram mais legíveis nos logs. Colourful query logs

102. Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM

     "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gende "users"."name" FROM "users"

103. Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM

     "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users"

104. Rails 5 Cada query tem uma cor.

105. User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Select

106. SQL (11.3ms) INSERT INTO "users" ("name", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ($1,

     $2, $3) RETURNING "id" Insert

107. Update SQL (0.4ms) UPDATE "users" SET "name" = $1, "updated_at"

     = $2 WHERE "users"."id" = $3

108. Delete SQL (6.6ms) DELETE FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = $1

109. Attributes API Os atributos do banco de dados podem ser

     convertidos para um objeto do Ruby.

110. irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER

     BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}

111. irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER

     BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}

112. class Address def initialize(street:, city:) @street = street @city =

     city end … end

113. class AddressType < ActiveRecord::Type::Value def serialize(value) ::ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(value) end def deserialize(value)

     if value address_attrs = JSON.parse(value) ::Address.new( street: address_attrs[‘street'], city: address_attrs[‘city'] ) end end end

114. class User < ApplicationRecord attribute :address, AddressType.new end

115. User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY

     "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #<Address:0x007fb03a73b738 @street="Rua marília", @city="São Paulo">

116. User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY

     "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #<Address:0x007fb03a73b738 @street="Rua marília", @city="São Paulo">

117. Referências

118. goo.gl/oRfJzd

119. goo.gl/mS7e8M

120. goo.gl/J18on9

121. http://blog.bigbinary.com/

122. Obrigado