Rails 5 and its new features by examples

Transcript

1. Rails 5 And its new features by examples
2. Yoshio Teruia
5. Estamos contratando! http://plataformatec.workable.com
6. Rails 5 And its new features by examples
7. E o Action Cable?
8. É uma integração do websocket com o Rails que possibilita o desenvolvimento de real-time features. Action Cable
9. goo.gl/qT8DIs
10. goo.gl/Slautj
11. goo.gl/UpwmRD
12. CLI
13. Agora o `rails` pode ser usado para rodar rake tasks na CLI. Comandos do Rails centralizado
14. rails db:migrate rails db:create rails test rails routes
15. Testes
16. Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Test Runner
17. Executar os testes ficou mais simples. Rodar um único teste
18. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4
19. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4
20. rails test test/models/user_test.rb:4
21. Não é mais necessário adicionar uma gem. Opção fail fast
22. rails test -f
23. rails test -f
24. A fase de exercise nos testes de integração ficam mais explícitas. Kwarg nos métodos de requisição
25. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value', formats: :json } … end end
26. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end
27. Rails 4 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, nil, { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’, formats: :json } … end end
28. Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end
29. Rails 5 class UserListTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest test 'returns all users' do … get users_url, headers: { 'X-Custom-Header' => 'Header Value’ }, as: :json … end end
30. Asset Pipeline
31. Os logs ficam mais enxuto no modo de desenvolvimento. Possibilidade de desabilitar os logs dos assets
32. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:49 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (16.8ms) Completed 200 OK in 366ms (Views: 340.1ms | ActiveRecord: 5.0ms) Started GET "/assets/jquery.self-bd7ddd393353a8d2480a622e80342adf488fb6006d667e8b42e4c0073393abee.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/turbolinks.self-c5acd7a204f5f25ce7a1d8a0e4d92e28d34c9e2df2c7371cd7af88e147e4ad82.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- b89234cf2659d7fedea75bca0b8d231ad7dfc2f3f57fcbaf5f44ed9dc384137b.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/jquery_ujs.self-784a997f6726036b1993eb2217c9cb558e1cbb801c6da88105588c56f13b466a.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/ action_cable.self-1641ec3e8ea24ed63601e86efcca7f9266e09f390e82199d56aa7e4bd50e1aa9.js?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/application.self- e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855.css?body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300 Started GET "/assets/cable.self-6e0514260c1aa76eaf252412ce74e63f68819fd19bf740595f592c5ba4c36537.js? body=1" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:14:50 -0300
33. Rails 4 A única forma de desabilitar os logs dos assets era instalando uma gem externa.
34. Rails 5 Existe uma configuração para desabilitar os logs dos assets e que vem habilitado por padrão.
35. Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end
36. Rails.application.configure do config.cache_classes = false # Do not eager load code on boot. config.eager_load = false config.assets.debug = true # Suppress logger output for asset requests. config.assets.quiet = true … end
37. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-23 04:24:36 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.4ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/application (12.2ms) Completed 200 OK in 315ms (Views: 293.4ms | ActiveRecord: 3.9ms)
38. Funciona no Rails 4.2.7‼ Essa funcionalidade foi portada para o sprocket-rails 3.1.0, ou seja, essa configuração funciona no Rails 4.2.7 sem a necessidade da gem quiet_assets.
39. Active Record
40. Utilizar o UUID como padrão de chave primária
41. Rails 4 Já havia a possibilidade de utilizar o UUID como chave primária mas era um pouco verboso.
42. rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t
43. rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end
44. rails g model user name:string class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users, id: :uuid do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end
45. Rails 5 É possível adicionar uma configuração para que todas as tabelas utilizem o UUID como pk.
46. rails g model user name:string test/models/user_t
47. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end
48. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application config.generators do |g| g.orm :active_record, primary_key_type: :uuid end end end
49. class CreateUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :users, id: :uuid do |t| t.string :name t.timestamps null: false end end end
50. ⚠Alguns métodos como o `.first` e o `.last` não funcionam mais como o esperado.
51. Índice nos erros dos nested attributes
52. Rails 4 Não há uma forma de relacionar os erros com as instâncias da associação.
53. class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end
54. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
55. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
56. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
57. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
58. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
59. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
60. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => {:"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank"]} u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses.city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses.street"=>["can't be blank”] }
61. Rails 5 Um índice pode ser adicionado para cada erro.
62. class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end
63. class Address < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user validates :street, :city, presence: true end class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :addresses, index_errors: true validates :name, presence: true accepts_nested_attributes_for :addresses end
64. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true end end
65. module Rails5 class Application < Rails::Application … config.active_record.index_nested_attribute_errors = true end end
66. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
67. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
68. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
69. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
70. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
71. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
72. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
73. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
74. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
75. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
76. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
77. u = User.new(name: 'João') u.addresses.new(street: 'Rua joãozinho') u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”] } u.addresses.new u.valid? => false u.errors.messages => { :"addresses[0].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[0].city"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].user"=>["must exist”], :"addresses[1].street"=>["can't be blank”], :"addresses[1].city"=>["can't be blank”] }
78. ActiveRelation#or
79. Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `or` é escrevendo sql.
80. class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end
81. class Order < ActiveRecord::Base enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> do where( 'status = :posted OR status = :in_transit', { posted: statuses[:posted], in_transit: statuses[:in_transit] } ) end end
82. Rails 5 Tem o ActiveRelation#or.
83. class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end
84. class Order < ApplicationRecord enum status: [:posted, :in_transit, :delivered] scope :pending, -> { posted.or(in_transit) } end
85. Left outer join
86. Rails 4 A única forma de fazer o `left join` é escrevendo sql.
87. class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id = users.id') end
88. class User < ApplicationRecord User.joins('LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.user_id = users.id') end
89. Rails 5 Tem um método exclusivo para fazer left joins.
90. class User < ApplicationRecord has_many :posts User.left_outer_joins(:posts) end
91. Uma forma prática de identificar os atributos que estão sendo utilizadas na view. #accessed_fields
92. class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.all end end
93. <table> <thead> <th>Nome</th> <th>Idade</th> </thead> <tbody> <% @users.each do |user| %> <tr> <td><%= user.name %></td> <td><%= user.age %></td> </tr> <% end %> </tbody> </table>
94. class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users = User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end
95. class UsersController < ApplicationController after_action :print_accessed_fields def index @users = User.all end private def print_accessed_fields p @users.first.accessed_fields end end
96. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)
97. Started GET "/users" for ::1 at 2016-09-17 23:47:25 -0300 ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration Load (0.7ms) SELECT "schema_migrations".* FROM "schema_migrations" Processing by UsersController#index as HTML Rendering users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application User Load (0.4ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" Rendered users/index.html.erb within layouts/ application (20.5ms) ["name", "age"] Completed 200 OK in 395ms (Views: 361.8ms | ActiveRecord: 4.2ms)
98. class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User.select(:name, :age) end end
99. ⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento.
100. ⚠Deve ser usado apenas no ambiente de desenvolvimento. ⚠Apenas os campos que foram lidos são identificados, então cuidado com os que estão dentro de condicionais.
101. As queries ficaram mais legíveis nos logs. Colourful query logs
102. Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gende "users"."name" FROM "users"
103. Rails 4 User Load (2.8ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Rails 5 User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users"
104. Rails 5 Cada query tem uma cor.
105. User Load (11.1ms) SELECT "users"."id", "users"."gender", "users"."name" FROM "users" Select
106. SQL (11.3ms) INSERT INTO "users" ("name", "created_at", "updated_at") VALUES ($1, $2, $3) RETURNING "id" Insert
107. Update SQL (0.4ms) UPDATE "users" SET "name" = $1, "updated_at" = $2 WHERE "users"."id" = $3
108. Delete SQL (6.6ms) DELETE FROM "users" WHERE "users"."id" = $1
109. Attributes API Os atributos do banco de dados podem ser convertidos para um objeto do Ruby.
110. irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}
111. irb(main):002:0> User.first.address User Load (0.3ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => {"city"=>"São Paulo", "street"=>"Rua marília"}
112. class Address def initialize(street:, city:) @street = street @city = city end … end
113. class AddressType < ActiveRecord::Type::Value def serialize(value) ::ActiveSupport::JSON.encode(value) end def deserialize(value) if value address_attrs = JSON.parse(value) ::Address.new( street: address_attrs[‘street'], city: address_attrs[‘city'] ) end end end
114. class User < ApplicationRecord attribute :address, AddressType.new end
115. User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #<Address:0x007fb03a73b738 @street="Rua marília", @city="São Paulo">
116. User.first.address User Load (0.5ms) SELECT "users".* FROM "users" ORDER BY "users"."id" ASC LIMIT $1 [["LIMIT", 1]] => #<Address:0x007fb03a73b738 @street="Rua marília", @city="São Paulo">
117. Referências
118. goo.gl/oRfJzd
119. goo.gl/mS7e8M
120. goo.gl/J18on9
121. http://blog.bigbinary.com/
122. Obrigado