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ICRS 2016 Humanes Adriana

Adriana Humanes
September 24, 2016

ICRS 2016 Humanes Adriana

Adriana Humanes

September 24, 2016
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  1. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Adriana Humanes, Bette Willis, Katharina Fabricius and Andrew Negri
    [email protected]
    Cumulative effects of sediments, nutrient enrichment and high temperatures
    compromise the early life history stages of the coral Acropora tenuis

    View Slide

  2. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016

    View Slide

  3. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016

    View Slide

  4. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Climate change:
    Sea surface temperature
    Terrestrial runoff:
    Nutrients and sediments
    Current situation of coral reefs worldwide

    View Slide

  5. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Local changes in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Nutrient and sediment input in the GBR increased since 1823:
    Nitrogen Phosphorus
    Source: eAtlas
    Frequency of
    exposure
    Frequency of exposure
    to 2nd water types
    Plume exposure
    Suspended sediments
    Australia

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  6. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Jones et al. 2015
    Corals’ early life history stages
    Runoff and high temperatures can coincide with coral spawning in the GBR

    View Slide

  7. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016

    ✓ ✓ ✓
    ✓ ✓


    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Previous studies on the effects of single factors
    Sperm mobility
    Gametes viability
    Abnormal embryos
    Larval survivorship
    Settlement

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  8. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016

    ✓ ✓ ✓
    ✓ ✓


    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Sperm mobility
    Gametes viability
    Abnormal embryos
    Larval survivorship
    Settlement
    No previous studies on the effects of simultaneous factors

    View Slide

  9. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Gamete collection and separation
    Acropora tenuis
    Temperature
    27, 30, and 32°C
    Nutrient enrichment
    0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/l
    organic carbon
    Low Medium High
    National Sea Simulator (SeaSim)
    Suspended sediments
    0, 5, 10, 30 and 100 mg/l

    View Slide

  10. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Experiments
    Fertilization
    1st cleavage
    (2 h)
    2nd cleavage
    (3 h)
    Experiment 1
    8 cell
    (4 h)
    Prawn chip stage
    (7-10 h)
    Experiment 2 Experiment 3
    Larvae
    (5-day-old))
    Round stage
    (36 h)
    Tear drop stage
    (54-98 h)
    Experiment 4
    Recruit

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  11. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    1. Fertilization
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    Fertilization threshold
    levels decreased with
    warming temperatures
    IC50
    27°C = 37 mg l-1
    IC50
    30°C = 25 mg l-1
    IC50
    32°C = 18 mg l-1

    View Slide

  12. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    1. Fertilization
    Mechanism of action:
    - Sperm limitation by their
    entanglement in sediments
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)

    View Slide

  13. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    1. Fertilization
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    Mechanism of action:
    -Reduction in the sperm
    motility.
    -Impairment of biochemical
    processes.
    (Omori et al. 2001, Lam et al. 2015)

    View Slide

  14. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment
    Settlement decreased with the
    individual effect of suspended
    sediments
    Mucous production
    Abrasive damage
    Mechanism of action:
    -Mucous production
    -Abrasive damage
    (Hess et al. 2015)

    View Slide

  15. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Low enrichment
    Medium enrichment
    High enrichment
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment
    Settlement decreased with
    suspended sediments and nutrient
    enrichment in an additive way
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100

    View Slide

  16. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    Settlement decreased with
    suspended sediments and nutrient
    enrichment in an additive way
    IC50
    Low = >100 mg/l
    IC50
    Medium = 64 mg/l
    IC50
    High = 17 mg/l
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment

    View Slide

  17. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    IC50
    27°C = 29 mg/l IC50
    30°C = 25 mg/l IC50
    32°C = 20 mg/l
    27
    30
    32
    0 5 10 30 100

    View Slide

  18. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    0 5 10 30 100
    Mechanism of action:
    Cell rearrangement and division
    Suspended sediments and temperature

    View Slide

  19. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    27 30 32
    Temperature (°C)
    % Settlement
    4. Larval settlement
    5-day old larvae exposed
    for 24 h to treatments
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    27 30 32
    Temperature (°C)
    % Settlement
    3-day old larvae exposed
    for 48 h to treatments
    27
    30
    32
    Mechanism of action:
    Changes in physiological and metabolic functions

    View Slide

  20. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Interactions were
    non significant
    Effects of simultaneous
    factors were additive

    View Slide

  21. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Worst case scenario
    for Acropora tenuis

    View Slide

  22. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    Jones et al. 2015

    View Slide

  23. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    • The co-occurrence of pressures can aggravate the impacts of single
    factors.
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    Fertilization threshold
    levels decreased with
    warming temperatures
    IC50
    27°C = 37 mg l-1
    IC50
    30°C = 25 mg l-1
    IC50
    32°C = 18 mg l-1

    View Slide

  24. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • Management strategies should be directed to minimise dredging
    activities and improve water quality associated with river
    discharges during the periods of coral spawning.
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    • The co-occurrence of pressures can aggravate the impacts of single
    factors.

    View Slide

  25. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Volunteers:
    Catia de Carvalho
    Florita Flores
    Marion Hliscs
    Heidi Luter
    Helios Martinez
    Sam Noonan
    Joy Smith
    Staff of the National Sea Simulator
    (AIMS Townsville)
    Acknowledgements
    [email protected]
    www.adrianahumanes.com

    View Slide