ICRS 2016 Humanes Adriana

Transcript

1. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   Adriana Humanes, Bette Willis, Katharina Fabricius and Andrew Negri
   A.Humanes@aims.gov.au
   Cumulative effects of sediments, nutrient enrichment and high temperatures
   compromise the early life history stages of the coral Acropora tenuis
   

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2. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   

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3. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   

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4. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   Climate change:
   Sea surface temperature
   Terrestrial runoff:
   Nutrients and sediments
   Current situation of coral reefs worldwide
   

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5. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   Local changes in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
   Nutrient and sediment input in the GBR increased since 1823:
   Nitrogen Phosphorus
   Source: eAtlas
   Frequency of
   exposure
   Frequency of exposure
   to 2nd water types
   Plume exposure
   Suspended sediments
   Australia
   

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6. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   Jones et al. 2015
   Corals’ early life history stages
   Runoff and high temperatures can coincide with coral spawning in the GBR
   

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7. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   ✓
   ✓ ✓ ✓
   ✓ ✓
   ✓
   ✓
   Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
   Previous studies on the effects of single factors
   Sperm mobility
   Gametes viability
   Abnormal embryos
   Larval survivorship
   Settlement
   

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8. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   ✓
   ✓ ✓ ✓
   ✓ ✓
   ✓
   ✓
   Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
   Sperm mobility
   Gametes viability
   Abnormal embryos
   Larval survivorship
   Settlement
   No previous studies on the effects of simultaneous factors
   

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9. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
   www.aims.gov.au
   ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
   Gamete collection and separation
   Acropora tenuis
   Temperature
   27, 30, and 32°C
   Nutrient enrichment
   0, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/l
   organic carbon
   Low Medium High
   National Sea Simulator (SeaSim)
   Suspended sediments
   0, 5, 10, 30 and 100 mg/l
   

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10. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Experiments
    Fertilization
    1st cleavage
    (2 h)
    2nd cleavage
    (3 h)
    Experiment 1
    8 cell
    (4 h)
    Prawn chip stage
    (7-10 h)
    Experiment 2 Experiment 3
    Larvae
    (5-day-old))
    Round stage
    (36 h)
    Tear drop stage
    (54-98 h)
    Experiment 4
    Recruit
    

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11. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    1. Fertilization
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    Fertilization threshold
    levels decreased with
    warming temperatures
    IC50
    27°C = 37 mg l-1
    IC50
    30°C = 25 mg l-1
    IC50
    32°C = 18 mg l-1
    

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12. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    1. Fertilization
    Mechanism of action:
    - Sperm limitation by their
    entanglement in sediments
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    

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13. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    1. Fertilization
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    Mechanism of action:
    -Reduction in the sperm
    motility.
    -Impairment of biochemical
    processes.
    (Omori et al. 2001, Lam et al. 2015)
    

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14. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment
    Settlement decreased with the
    individual effect of suspended
    sediments
    Mucous production
    Abrasive damage
    Mechanism of action:
    -Mucous production
    -Abrasive damage
    (Hess et al. 2015)
    

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15. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Low enrichment
    Medium enrichment
    High enrichment
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment
    Settlement decreased with
    suspended sediments and nutrient
    enrichment in an additive way
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    

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16. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    Settlement decreased with
    suspended sediments and nutrient
    enrichment in an additive way
    IC50
    Low = >100 mg/l
    IC50
    Medium = 64 mg/l
    IC50
    High = 17 mg/l
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and nutrient enrichment
    

    View Slide

17. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    IC50
    27°C = 29 mg/l IC50
    30°C = 25 mg/l IC50
    32°C = 20 mg/l
    27
    30
    32
    0 5 10 30 100
    

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18. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    2. Embryo development
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    % Settlement
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    0 5 10 30 100
    Mechanism of action:
    Cell rearrangement and division
    Suspended sediments and temperature
    

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19. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    27 30 32
    Temperature (°C)
    % Settlement
    4. Larval settlement
    5-day old larvae exposed
    for 24 h to treatments
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    27 30 32
    Temperature (°C)
    % Settlement
    3-day old larvae exposed
    for 48 h to treatments
    27
    30
    32
    Mechanism of action:
    Changes in physiological and metabolic functions
    

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20. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Interactions were
    non significant
    Effects of simultaneous
    factors were additive
    

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21. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
    Worst case scenario
    for Acropora tenuis
    

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22. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    Jones et al. 2015
    

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23. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    • The co-occurrence of pressures can aggravate the impacts of single
    factors.
    % Fertilization
    0
    20
    40
    60
    80
    100
    0 5 10 30 100
    Suspended sediments (mg/l)
    27
    30
    32
    Fertilization threshold
    levels decreased with
    warming temperatures
    IC50
    27°C = 37 mg l-1
    IC50
    30°C = 25 mg l-1
    IC50
    32°C = 18 mg l-1
    

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24. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Conclusions
    • Management strategies should be directed to minimise dredging
    activities and improve water quality associated with river
    discharges during the periods of coral spawning.
    • The effects of individual stress factors varies between early life
    history stages of corals.
    • The co-occurrence of pressures can aggravate the impacts of single
    factors.
    

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25. AIMS: Australia’s tropical marine research agency.
    www.aims.gov.au
    ICRS HAWAI’I 2016
    Volunteers:
    Catia de Carvalho
    Florita Flores
    Marion Hliscs
    Heidi Luter
    Helios Martinez
    Sam Noonan
    Joy Smith
    Staff of the National Sea Simulator
    (AIMS Townsville)
    Acknowledgements
    A.Humanes@aims.gov.au
    www.adrianahumanes.com
    

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