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1. JOINTS d e f i n i t i o n a n d t y p e s o f j o i n t s
2. objectives • Definition of joints. • Types of joints. 2
3. definition of joints A joint is the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement • Most bone in the body meets at least one other bone in a joint. • The shape of a joint depends on its function. • A joint is also known as an articulation. 3
4. Types of joints Joints Classification to three types Fibrous Joints Cartilaginous Joints Synovial Joints 4
5. Fibrous Joints A fibrous joint is where the bones are bound by a tough, fibrous tissue and there’s no movement. These are typically joints that require strength and stability . Fibrous joints can be further sub-classified into sutures, gomphoses and syndesmoses. 5
6. Types of fibrous joints • Sutures: are found between bones of the vault of the skull. • Gomphosis: it’s the joint connecting the root of the tooth to its socket. • Syndesmosis: eg The interosseous membrane connecting between the radius and ulna. 6
7. Cartilaginous joints These joints are slightly movable joints. In these joints, the bones are united by cartilage. These joints are mainly limited to the axial skeleton, such as the vertebral column. These joints are found in those places where stability and strengthand permit a limited degree of movement. and They are two types of Cartilaginous joints: • Primary (Synchondrosis). • Secondary (Symphysis). 7
8. Types of Cartilaginous joints Primary (fibrocartilagenous) joint • •A fibrocartilaginous joint is a joint in which the bones are held together by a hyaline cartilage . • •Example: Epiphyseal plate in long growing bones (synchondrosis). secondary cartilaginous joint • A secondary cartilaginous joint is a joint in which the bones are held together by a fibrocartilage and the articular surfaces of the bones are covered by a thin layer of hya line cartilage. • • Examples: Pubic symphysis, the inter vertebral disc between bodies of vertebrae (symphyses) 8
9. Synovial Joints A synovial joint, , joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones' articulating surfaces. Synovial joints are often further classified According to the shape of articular or According to the axis of movement 9
10. ‫القدس عاصمتنا‬ ‫فلسطين حرة‬ ‫‪Thank you‬‬ ‫)ج( ‪• Preparation by Group‬‬ ‫الخطاب محمد علي ‪ -‬الحسين شداد صدقی •‬ ‫الزهراء احمد عبد الرحيم ‪ -‬الزاكى ادم الدومه •‬ ‫السيد بتيتى محمدين ‪ -‬الزهراء سليم راعى •‬ ‫الشيخ ابو عبيده ابراهيم ‪ -‬الشموس عبد هللا النذير •‬ ‫الفاضل بابكر الفاضل ‪ -‬الصادق الصديق شيخ الدين •‬ ‫المصطفى نبيل يوسف ‪ -‬المثنى خضر رضوان •‬ ‫‪10‬‬