How to Perform Wudu in the Manner of the Prophet ﷺ

This is a talk that I gave at Northwestern Medical Center to the local Muslim community there.

For the accompanying video as well as some notes on Tayammum and Ghusl, please visit YouTube: https://youtu.be/3odGZcbzI6o

Transcript

1. Wudu in the Manner of the Prophet ﷺ Aijaz Ansari @_aijaz_
2. Source Sifat Wudoo'-in-Nabee ﷺ By Fahd ibn 'Abdir Rahman ash-Shuwaib and Translated by Dawood Burbank al- Britanee.
3. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
4. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
5. “The first matter that the slave will be brought to account for on the Day of Judgment is the prayer.
6. “If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds will be sound.
7. “And if it is bad, then the rest of his deeds will be bad.” Recorded by al-Tabarani. According to al-Albani, it is sahih. Al-Albani, Sahih al-Jami, vol.1, p. 503.
8. “Allaah does not accept Prayer without purification.” Muslim (1/160) and others
9. “Verily I have been ordered to make wudoo when I stand for Prayer.” Saheeh. Reported by Abu Dawood (no.3760); at-Tirmidhee (no.1848), and he declared it to be 'hasan- saheeh': an-Nasaa.ee (1/73). And Shaikh al-Albaanee declares it to be 'saheeh' ('Saheeh ul-Jaami', no.2333)
10. If you don’t have a correct wudu, you will not have a correct prayer. You will possibly have merely wasted your time.
11. If you want a beautiful salaat, perform a beautiful wudu.
12. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
13. Wudu Washes Off Sins
14. “When a Muslim makes wudoo the sins he has committed come away from his hearing and from his sight and from his hand and from his feet, so when he sits he sits down having been forgiven.” Reported by Ahmad (5/252) and is hasan
15. “Whoever makes wudoo and makes it well, his sins come out from his body, even coming out from under his nails.” Reported by Muslim (3/133) and others
16. “Whoever makes wudoo like this then all of his previous sins are forgiven, and his Prayer and his walking to the mosque are above and beyond that.” Reported by Muslim, 3/113
17. “Whoever makes wudoo and makes it well, then prays two rak'ahs not letting his mind wander in them - then Allaah forgives him all of his previous sins.” Reported by Abu Dawood (no.905) and others. Al-Albaanee declares it to be 'hasan' (As- Saheehah, no.6041)
18. …and many, many more
19. Wudu Washes Away Sins
20. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
21. But first, a reminder A ⇒ B ¬A ⇒ ¬B
22. Intention Must be silent, not spoken Ibn Taimiyyah: Majmoo'at-ur-Rasaa-il il-Kubraa 1/243
23. At-Tasmiyyah ﷽
24. ﷽ “There is no wudoo for him who does not mention Allaah’s name upon it.” Reported by Ibn Maajah (no.399), At-Tirmidhee (no.26), Abu Dawood (no.101) and others. Ash-Shaikh al-Albaani says: hadeeth Saheeh (Saheeh ul-Jaarni', no.7444)
25. ﷽ “Deliberately leaving it is skipping an obligatory part of Wudu…
26. ﷽ “…but one who forgets, then their wudu is correct, and they should mention Allah’s name when they remember.” Ibn Qudaamah in 'al-Mughnee'
27. • Intention • ﷽
28. Washing the Hands Three times Al-Bukhaaree (al Fath, l/255), Muslim, 3/121, Ahmad (4/9), An-Nasaa'ee (1/55) - with saheeh isnaad
29. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands
30. Washing the Mouth & Nose Three times Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim
31. Both at the same time, one handful of water each time Muslim, 3/123
32. • Take water in the right hand, bring to your mouth • Take most of it into mouth, sniff rest into nose • Expel water from nose with left hand • Sniff forcefully unless you’re fasting Al-Bukhaaree (al-Fath, 1/229), Muslim (no.237), Abu Dawood (no. 140); Reported by ad-Daarimee. Ash-shaikh al-Albaanee says in his notes on al-Mishkaat: Its isnaad is saheeh; Abu Dawood, no.l42; At-Tirmidhee, no.38; An-nasaa'ee, no.ll4; IbMaajah, no.407; and others]. (Declared as saheeh by Ibn Hibbaan and al-Haalcim, and adh- Dhahabee agreed to that. Also declared as saheeh by Ibn al Qaataan, An-Nawawi and Ibn Hajr. Refer to the footnote in al-Baghawi's Sharh us-Sunnah: 1/417]
33. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose
34. Washing the Face The face (wajh) is determined as being everything between the beginnings of the hair down to the cheeks and the chin, and up to the start of the ears including that which is between the beard and ear.
35. The Prophet ﷺ washed his face three times. [Al-Bukhaaree (al-Fath, 1/312), Muslim (no.226)]
36. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face
37. Tending to the Beard “The Prophet ﷺ used to run his (wet fingers) through his beard.” [At-Tirmidhee (no.31), Ibn Maajah (no.430), Ibn Jaarood (p.43) and al-Haakim (1/14~) who declared its isnaad as saheeh as did Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibbaan. See the note in al-Baghagawi's Sharh us-Sunnah, 1/421]
38. Soaking the Beard? There is a Saheeh Hadith that supports it, but most scholars say it is not obligatory for wudu, but desirable. [Abo Dawood (no.145), al-Baihaqee (1/54), al-Haakim (1/149). Ash-Shaikh al-Albaani declares it to be saheeh (Saheeh ul-Jaami', no.4572)]; [Al-Khattaabee, 1/56]; ['Aun al Ma'bood, 1/247]
39. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face • Running Fingers Through the Beard
40. Washing the Arms From fingertips all the way past the elbow, including part of the upper arm. Qur’an 5:6, Al Bukhari, Al Muslim, Muslim, 1/246, Reported by ad-Daaraqutnee (1/15), al-Baihaqee (1/56) and others - Ibn Hajr declared it to be hasan. And Ash-Shaikh al-Albaanee declared it to be saheeh (Saheeh ul-Jaami', 4547)
41. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face • Running Fingers Through the Beard • Washing the Arms
42. Wiping the Head and Ears The correct interpretation is to wipe the entire head. Qur’an 5:6; Ash-Shaukaanee (rahimahullah) says in Nail-ul-Autaar: It is not established that it means "part of" and Seebawaih (one of the foremost scholars of the Arabic language) has denied that in fifteen places in his book. (Nail-ul-Autaar, 1/193)
43. “The Prophet ﷺ wiped his head with his two hands, moving them forwards and backwards - beginning with the front of the head and (wiping) with them up to his nape then he ﷺ returned them to the place from which he began.” Al-Bukhaaree (al-Fath, 1/251), Muslim (no.235), at-Tirmidhee (no.28) and others.
44. You don’t need to take fresh water for the ears. It is also permissible to use the water remaining from washing the arms. Ash-Shaikh al-Albaanee: ’ad-Da'eefah', no.995 & the hadith of Ar-Rabee' bint Mu’awwidh.
45. “The Prophet ﷺ wiped his head and entered his two forefingers into his ears and wiped the backs of his ears with his thumbs.” Reported by Abu Dawood (no.135), an-Nasaa'ee (no.140), Ibn Maajah (no.422) and authenticated by Ibn Khuzaimah.
46. It is permissible to wipe over a turban, but not a regular cap. It is permissible to wipe over a woman’s hijab, as Umm Salamah did. Reported by al-Bukhaaree (al Fath, 1/266) and others, Reported by Muslim, 1/159, 'al- Mughnee', 1/312
47. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face • Running Fingers Through the Beard • Washing the Arms • Wiping the Head and Ears
48. Washing the Feet and Ankles Wash three times from the feet, past the ankles, to the shin. Qur’an 5:6, Al-Bukhaaree (al Fath, 1/232) and Muslim, 3/128, Muslim, 1/246,
49. Use your pinkie to wash between the toes. Reported by Abu Dawood (no.148), at-Tirmidhee (no.40) and Ibn Maajah (no.446). Declared as 'saheeh' by al-Albaanee. As-San’aanee in ‘Subul-us-Salaam’, 1/47,48. Abu Dawood (no.142), at-Tirmidhee (no.37), an-Nasaa'ee (no.114), Ibn Maajah (no.407), al-Hakim (1/148). Al- Albaanee says: Saheeh.
50. Wiping bare feet is not from the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ. As-San’aanee: As-Subul, 1/58, Al-Mirqaat, 1/400,
51. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face • Running Fingers Through the Beard • Washing the Arms • Wiping the Head & Ears • Washing the Feet & Ankles
52. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
53. Siwaak Very highly recommended. “If I did not fear to cause hardship to my Ummah I would have ordered them to use the siwaak with every wudoo” Reported by at-Tirrnidhee (no.22) who said: Hasan Saheeh, and Maalik (no.123), Ahmad (4/116), Abu Dawood (no.37) and others. Al-Albaanee declared it to be saheeh (Takhree; ul Mishkaat, no.390)
54. Rubbing Water vs. Pouring Authentic Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ, who said “Rub this way.” He ﷺ rubbed over his forearms, and rubbed over toes with his little finger. Al-Mustawrid ibn Shadad, Nail-ul-Autaar, 4/39, Ibn Khuzaimah (no.118), and its isnaad is Saheeh - and al-Haakim (1/161) reports it by way of Yahyaa ibn Abi Zaa'idah
55. The Order The order from the Ayah must be followed: ْمُكَهوُجُو اوُل ِسْغاَف ِة َ ال َّ صلا ىَلِإ ْمُتْمُق اَذِإ اوُنَمآ َنيِذَّلا اَهُّيَأ اَي ِ ْ نيَبْعَكْلا ىَلِإ ْمُكَلُجْرَأَو ْمُك ِسوُءُرِب اوُح َ سْماَو ِقِفاَرَ ْملا ىَلِإ ْمُكَيِدْيَأَو ۚ Face, Forearms, Head, Feet Qur’an 5:6
56. The Order Other things may be moved around as is the Sunnah, but the described order is best. Ahmad (4/132), Abu Dawood (1/19) with Saheeh isnaad. Ash-Shaukaanee (1/1~5) said: Its isnaad is good, and it is reported by ad-Diyaa in 'al-Mukhtaarah'. And al-Albaanee records it in 'as-Saheehah', no.261, As-Suyooti, in 'Aun al Ma'bood' ( 1/48)
57. Right, Then Left “When you dress and when you make wudoo, then begin with the right.” Dawood (4141), at-Tirmidhee (1766), an-Nasaa'ee (402). Al-Albaanee declares it to be saheeh.
58. Economizing Water The Prophet ﷺ used to make wudoo with a mudd (of water) and make ghusl with a saa' or up to five mudds. A mudd is 2 cupped handfuls. Muslim (1/156) and others.
59. Wiping over Tight Sleeves I have never seen any evidence (or even any claim) saying that this is permissible.
60. Du’aa after Wudu “None of you makes wudoo and completes the wudoo then says: ُهَل َ كيِر َ ش َ ال ُهَدْحَو َُّهللا َّ الِإ َهَلِإ َ ال ْنَأ ُدَه ْ شَأ ُهَلو ُ سَرَو ُهَدْبَع ًاَدَّمَحُم َّنَأ ُدَه ْ شَأَو َنيِرِّهَطَتُ ْملا َنِم يِنْلَعْجاَو َنيِباَّوَّتلا َنِم يِنْلَعْجا َّمُهَّللا except that all eight Gates of Paradise are opened for him - so that he enters by whichever he pleases.” Reported by Muslim (no.234), Abu Dawood (no 169), at-Tirmidhee (no.55), an-Nasaa'ee (no.148), Ibn Maajah (no.470). Last phrase (from َّمُهَّللا) : Via at-Tirmidhee, Declared as Sahih by al-Albaanee
61. Ashhadu anlaa ilaaha illallaahu wahdahu laa shareekalahu washhadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa rasooluhu. Allaahumma aj'alnee minat-tawwabeen waj'alnee minal mutatahhireen. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allaah, and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. O Allaah, make me one of those who constantly repents toYou and of those who purify themselves
62. Whoever makes wudoo then says upon finishing the wudoo: َتْنَأ َّ الِإ َهَلِإ َ ال ْنَأ ُدَه ْ شَأ َ كِدْمَحِبَو َّمُهَّللا َ كَناَحْب ُ س َ كْيَلِإ َبوُتَأَو َ كُرِفْغَت ْ سَأ It is written in a parchment, then sealed and is not opened till Judgement Day. Reported by Ibn ar-Sunnee in 'Amal al Yaurn wal-l~ilah, no.30. Declared as Saheeh by al- Albaanee
63. Subhaanakallaahumma wa bihamdika ashhadu anlaa ilaaha illa anta astaghfiruka wa atoobu ilaika I declare You free from all defects my Lord and all praise belongs to you and I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except You. I seek Your forgiveness and I turn to You
64. Sometimes the Prophet ﷺ washed each body part once, sometimes twice, sometimes three times (preferred). Al-Bukhaaree (al Fath) 1/226, 'al-Majmoo' of an-Nawawi, 1/229
65. Wudu for Each Prayer There is a difference of opinion. Author’s opinion: New wudu for each prayer is preferable, but single is acceptable.
66. “Did I…” If he who knows that he has made wudoo then is not sure that he has broken it - then his wudoo remains. And he who knows that he has done that which breaks wudoo and doubts when he has made wudoo thereafter then he does not have wudoo. In each case he relies upon that which he is certain of before that which he has doubt about - and he throws the doubt away. Abu Hanifah, ash-Shaafi'ee and Ahmad. ['Al-Mughnee', 1/193, and ~iqh ul Awaaa'ee, 1/56]
67. “If one of you feels something in his stomach and he isn’t sure did anything (wind) come out of it or not - then let him not leave the mosque until he hears a sound or finds a smell.” Muslim (Sharh an-Nawawi, 4/51), 'Aaridat-ul-Ahwadhee Sharh ut-Tirmidhee, 1/79
68. Wudu is required after eating camel meat, but not after eating sheep meat. Reported by Muslim, 1/189
69. Despite some claims to the contrary, it is permissible to wipe yourself dry after wudu. Tirmidhi, (See Fiqh al-Imam Sa'eed, 1/70). Al-Albaanee declares the hadeeth to be hasan. (Saheeh ul Jaami', 4706); [Reported by Ibn Maajah (no.468)]. In its isnaad is al-Wadeen ibn 'Ataa who is sadooq but has a bad memory as al-Haafiz Ibn Hajr says in 'Taqreeb ut-Tahdheeb', so its isnaad is da'eef!! - but it is strengthened by the previous hadeeth of 'Aa'ishah to the level of hasan - and Allaah Knows best.
70. Wiping Over Socks The Prophet ﷺ preferred wiping over his socks if he put them on while he had wudu. Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 206; Muslim, 274.
71. For the one whose feet are bare, it is better for him to wash them, and he should not put on socks so that he can wipe over them. Ibn Taymiyah, al-Insaaf, 1/378 via https://islamqa.info/en/45535
72. Removing Socks Later There are difference of opinion on whether you break Wudu if you remove your socks after wiping.
73. The strongest opinion (favored by Ibn Taymiyah) is: It’s okay unless something else breaks your wudu. Al-Nawawi in al-Majmoo’ (1/557) via https://islamqa.info/en/45788
74. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
75. Anything emitted from the private parts, front or back. Al-Bukhaaree (al Fath, 1/206) and Muslim (no.245)
76. Deep Sleep If you fall asleep sitting flat on the ground in a way that prevents flatulence, then wudu is not broken. Abu Dawood (no.203), Ibn Maajah (no.477), Ahmad. Declared as Saheeh by al-Albaanee
77. Loss of faculties: insanity, fainting, intoxication Sharh Saheeh Muslim (4/74) and al-Mughnee (1/164)
78. Touching one’s penis when aroused. al-Haakim (1/138) and others, Al-Mishkaat al Masaabeeh, notes on nos. 319 and 320
79. Touching a woman, even with desire, does not by itself break wudu. Nor does, e.g. kissing. It could, however, lead to other conditions that break wudu. Al-Bukhaaree and Muslim, 'al-Mughnee' (1/190)
80. Syllabus • Requirement • Excellence • Manner • Other Aspects • What Breaks Wudu
81. Quick Recap
82. • Intention • ﷽ • Washing the Hands • Washing the Mouth & Nose • Washing the Face • Running Fingers Through the Beard • Washing the Arms • Wiping the Head & Ears • Washing the Feet & Ankles
83. May Allah Accept This From Us Jazaak Allah Khair
84. References Al Qur'an al Kareem. Fathul Baaree - Explanation of Saheeh ul Bukhaaree - by Ibn Hajr. Saheeh Muslim with an-Nawawi's explanation. Sunan Abi Dawood. Sunan an-Nasaa'ee. Jaami' ut-Tirmidhee. Sunan Ibn Maajah. Al-Musnad of Imam Ahmad. As-Sunan al Kubraa of aI-Baihaqee. Al-Mustadrak 'alas-Saheehain by al-Haakim. Al-Muwatta with az-Zarqaanees explanation. Majma' az-Zawaa'id by al-Haitumee. Nasb ur-Raayah of az-Zaila'ee. Kanz ul Ummaal. Al Mughnee wash-Sharh ul Kabeer- Ibn Qudaamah. Sharh us-Sunnah al Baghawee. Al-Majmoo' of an-Nawawee. Al-Isbidhkaar of Ibn 'Abd il Barr. Mirqaat ul Mafaateeh Sharh of Mishkaat ul Masaabeeh. Saheeh ul-Jaami' us-Sagheer by Al-Albaanee. Da'eef ul Jaami' us-Sagheer by al-Albaanee. Nail ul Autaar of ash-Shaukaanee. Subul us-Salaam of as-San'aanee. Fiqh us-Sunnah of Sayyid Saabiq. Minhaaj us-Sunnah of Ibn Taimiyyah. Tahdheeb-ut-Tahdheeb of Ibn Hajr. Fiqh of al Imam Sa'eed ibn al Musayyib. Fiqh of al Imam al Auzaa'ee. Lisaan ul 'Arab of Ibn Manzoor. Mashaariq ul Anwaar. 'Aun al Ma'bood explana~ion of Abi Dawood. 'Aaridat-ul-Ahwadhee explanahon of at-Tirmidhee. Tafseer Ibn Katheer. Fath-ul-Qadeer by ash-Shaukaanee. Kitaab-ul-Imaan by Ibn Taimiyyah. Majmoo'at-ur-Rasaa'il il-Kubraa by Ibn Taimiyyah. At Tafseer ul Kabeer of Al Fakhr-ur-Raazee. Lum'aat ut-Tanqeeh - explanation of Mishkaat ul-Masaabeeh. At-Ta'leeqaat us-Salafiyyah upon Sunan of an-Nasaa'ee.