First Steps with the Zend Framework 1

Zend Framework is fast becoming one of the standard frameworks for building secure, reliable and modern applications. It is a loosely coupled framework providing a flexible use-at-will architecture that allows the developer to pick and choose which components to use for a project.

One key set of compoents provided is an implementation of the Model-View-Controller design pattern which provides a mechanism for building applications where different parts of the code are separated depending on their role in the application.

In this session, we will discuss Zend Framework’s capabilities and what it has to offer the developer. We will then explore Zend Framework’s MVC components and look at how they fit together. Finally we will build a simple Zend Framework MVC application from scratch so that we can look in detail at the code.

Transcript

1. First steps with Zend Framework Rob Allen
2. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen?
3. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 What is ZF? • Use-at-will PHP5 Framework • Open source - BSD license • Documented • Quality assured • Certification • Actively maintained by Zend
4. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 ZF Philosophy • Use-at-will • Simple usage 80% of the time • Agile practices • Showcase current trends
5. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 ZF Components
6. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Getting started • Use individual components in your current applications • Start a new application using the ZF MVC components
7. Using Zend_Cache in an existing application
8. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 The current code function getNews(PDO $dbh) { $stmt = $dbh->query('SELECT * FROM news ORDER BY date_created DESC'); $stmt->setFetchMode(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); $list = $stmt->fetchAll(); return $list; } $news = getNews($dbh);
9. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 The HTML <h1>News</h1> <ul> <?php foreach($news as $row) : ?> <li><?= $row['title'] ?> - <?= $row['date_created'] ?></li> <?php endforeach; ?> </ul>
10. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Zend_Cache diagram
11. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Add Zend_Cache 1. Add Zend Framework to lib/Zend folder 2. Create a cache data folder 3. Set up the cache 4. Wrap cache code around database query 5. Thatʼs it!
12. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Zend_Cache set-up function initCache($cacheDir) { require_once('Zend/Cache.php'); $feOpts = array( 'lifetime' => '7200', 'automatic_serialization'=>true); $bkOpts = array( 'cache_dir' => $cacheDir); $cache = Zend_Cache::factory('Core', 'File', $feOpts, $bkOpts); return $cache; }
13. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Zend_Cache in use function getNewsFromCache(PDO $dbh, Zend_Cache_Core $cache) { $cacheId = 'latestNews'; $list = $cache->load($cacheId); if($list === false) { $list = getNews($dbh); $cache->save($list, $cacheId); } return $list; } Re-use existing code Unique
14. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Zend_Cache in use $cacheDir = dirname(__FILE__).'/cache'; $cache = initCache($cacheDir); $news = getNewsFromCache($dbh, $cache); (the HTML does not change)
15. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Useful components for integrating into an existing code base: • Cache • PDF • Search • Auth: Captcha, OpenId, LDAP, InfoCard • Web services, Logging and WildFire • Mail
16. Zend Framework application A new
17. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Model View Controller (Most Vexing Conundrum)
18. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 ZFʼs MVC
19. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Routing: URLs /controller/action/param1/value1/ or create your own: /news/2008/11 $route = new Zend_Controller_Router_Route( 'news/:year/:month', array( 'controller' => 'news', 'action' => 'archive' ), ); $router->addRoute('newsarchive', $route);
20. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Directory structure application config controllers helpers IndexController.php forms layouts helpers scripts layout.phtml models views helpers scripts index index.phtml data library App Zend public css img js index.php .htaccess tests controllers models AllTests.php Our code ZF Overrides Apache serves these files
21. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Bootstrapping public/.htaccess public/index.php application/bootstrap.php
22. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 .htaccess php_value date.timezone "UTC" php_value short_open_tag "1" php_value error_reporting "8191" php_value display_errors "1" RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L] RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L] For view files Don’t do this in production! Redirect to index.php if request doesn’t exist
23. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 index.php define('BASE_PATH', realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/')); define('APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT', 'development'); set_include_path(BASE_PATH . '/library' . PATH_SEPARATOR . get_include_path()); require_once "Zend/Loader.php"; Zend_Loader::registerAutoload(); require BASE_PATH .'/application/bootstrap.php'; bootstrap(); Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->dispatch(); Process request
24. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 bootstrap.php function bootstrap() { $config = new Zend_Config_Ini( BASE_PATH . '/application/config/app.ini', APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT); Zend_Registry::set('config', $config); Zend_Registry::set('env', APPLICATION_ENVIRONMENT); // Front Controller $frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance(); $frontController->setControllerDirectory( BASE_PATH . 'application/controllers'); } Singleton
25. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 IndexController.php class IndexController extends Zend_Controller_Action { public function indexAction() { $this->view->headTitle('Home'); $this->view->title = 'Welcome'; } }
26. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Composite View
27. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Set up View Initialise in bootstrap(): Zend_Layout::startMvc(BASE_PATH . 'application/layouts/scripts'); $view = Zend_Layout::getMvcInstance()->getView(); $view->doctype('XHTML1_STRICT'); $view->headTitle()->setSeparator(' - ');
28. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 layout.phtml <?= $this->doctype() ?> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <?= $this->headTitle('My Website');?> <?= $this->headLink()->prependStylesheet( $this->baseUrl().'/css/global.css') ?> </head> <body> <div id="header"></div> <div id="content"><?= $this->layout()->content ?></div> <div id="footer"></div> </body></html>
29. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 index.phtml <h1><?= $this->title; ?></h1> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam lobortis nibh ac quam. Aenean urna nisi, semper ut, porttitor quis, tempor sed, eros. Etiam porta lorem. etc.</p> <p><a href="<?= $this->url(array('controller'=>'about', 'action'=>'contact')); ?>">Contact us</a></p>
30. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 View helper <img src="<?= $this->baseUrl() ?>/img/logo.jpg" /> class Zend_View_Helper_BaseUrl extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract { function baseUrl() { $fc = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance(); return $fc->getBaseUrl(); } } Return, don’t echo!
31. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Model The business logic: • Database • Web services • Local files
32. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Database Zend_Db_Adapter - Database abstraction Zend_Db_Table - Table Data Gateway
33. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Image of Zend_Db
34. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Set up database config/app.ini: database.adapter = PDO_MYSQL database.params.username = rob database.params.password = itsasecret! database.params.dbname = phpnw in bootstrap(): $db = Zend_Db::factory($config->database); Zend_Db_Table_Abstract::setDefaultAdapter($db); Zend_Registry::set('dbAdapter', $db);
35. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 A Model
36. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Table class class Authors extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'authors'; protected $_rowClass = 'Author'; public function fetchBySurname($surname) { $select = $this->select(); $select->where('surname LIKE ?', $surname.'%'); $select->order('surname ASC'); $rowset = $this->fetchAll($select); return $rowset; } }
37. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Row class class Author extends Zend_Db_Table_Row_Abstract { public function name() { return $this->forename . ' ' . $this->surname; } protected function _insert() { $this->date_created = date('Y-m-d H:i:s'); } }
38. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Relationships
39. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 One to many
40. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 One to many class Books extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'books'; protected $_rowClass = 'Book'; protected $_referenceMap = array( 'Author' => array( 'columns' => 'author_id', 'refTableClass' => 'Authors', 'refColumns' => 'id' ) );
41. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Fetching 1:N class Author extends Zend_Db_Table_Row_Abstract { public function fetchBooks() { return $this->findDependentRowset('Books'); } } // Controller $authorsTable = new Authors(); $douglasAdams = $authorsTable->fetchById(2); $books = $douglasAdams->fetchBooks();
42. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 The other way class Book extends Zend_Db_Table_Row_Abstract { public function fetchAuthor() { return $this->findParentRow('Authors'); } } // Controller $booksTable = new Books(); $hhgttg = $booksTable->fetchById(1); $douglasAdams = $hhgttg->fetchAuthor();
43. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Many to many
44. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Many to many class BooksCategories extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'books_categories'; protected $_referenceMap = array( 'Book' => array( 'columns' => array('book_id'), 'refTableClass' => 'Books', 'refColumns' => array('id') ), 'Category' => array( 'columns' => array('category_id'), 'refTableClass' => 'Categories', 'refColumns' => array('id') ) ); }
45. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Fetching M:N class Book extends Zend_Db_Table_Row_Abstract { public function fetchCategories() { return $this->findManyToManyRowset( 'Categories', 'BooksCategories'); } } // Controller $booksTable = new Books(); $zfia = $booksTable->fetchById(2); $categories = $zfia->fetchCategories();
46. Thatʼs it! (The basics, anyway)
47. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Getting involved • Mailing list • Maintain the wiki • Submit bug reports • Fix bugs! (sign the CLA first...) • Propose new components
48. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Available resources • http://framework.zend.com • Community • Books - Buy my book! http://www.zendframeworkinaction.com • Consultancy
49. Rob Allen http://akrabat.com PHPNW ’08 Thank you Provide feedback on this talk: http://joind.in/81