Let us play in Room with Kotlin

Applications use different data sources, the most common one is a database. During the last Google I/O, a new solution for handling those was presented, called Room. It removes the usual boilerplate code and greatly simplifies working with SQLite on Android. We will discuss how to use Room efficiently, migrate existing code to the library, and test it. Additionally, we will check how to work with it using Kotlin.

Transcript

1. Let us play in Room
   with Kotlin
   @Alex_Zhukovich
   

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5. val db = dbHelper.readableDatabase
   // Define a projection that specifies which columns from the database
   // you will actually use after this query.
   val projection = arrayOf(BaseColumns._ID,
   FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE,
   FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE)
   // Filter results WHERE "title" = 'My Title'
   val selection = "${FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE} = ?"
   val selectionArgs = arrayOf("My Title")
   // How you want the results sorted in the resulting Cursor
   val sortOrder = "${FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE} DESC"
   val cursor = db.query(
   FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME, // The table to query
   projection, // The array of columns to return (pass null to get all)
   selection, // The columns for the WHERE clause
   selectionArgs, // The values for the WHERE clause
   null, // don't group the rows
   null, // don't filter by row groups
   sortOrder // The sort order
   )
   https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/sqlite.html#kotlin
   

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6. val db = dbHelper.readableDatabase
   // Define a projection that specifies which columns from the database
   // you will actually use after this query.
   val projection = arrayOf(BaseColumns._ID,
   FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE,
   FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE)
   // Filter results WHERE "title" = 'My Title'
   val selection = "${FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_TITLE} = ?"
   val selectionArgs = arrayOf("My Title")
   // How you want the results sorted in the resulting Cursor
   val sortOrder = "${FeedEntry.COLUMN_NAME_SUBTITLE} DESC"
   val cursor = db.query(
   FeedEntry.TABLE_NAME, // The table to query
   projection, // The array of columns to return (pass null to get all)
   selection, // The columns for the WHERE clause
   selectionArgs, // The values for the WHERE clause
   null, // don't group the rows
   null, // don't filter by row groups
   sortOrder // The sort order
   )
   SELECT id, title, subTitle FROM Feed WHERE title = ? ORDER BY subTitle DESC
   https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/sqlite.html#kotlin
   

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7. override fun onUpgrade(db: SQLiteDatabase, oldVersion: Int, newVersion: Int) {
   if (oldVersion == DATABASE_VERSION_1) {
   ...
   }
   if (oldVersion == DATABASE_VERSION_2) {
   ...
   }
   if (oldVersion == DATABASE_VERSION_3) {
   ...
   }
   if (oldVersion == DATABASE_VERSION_4) {
   ...
   }
   ...
   }
   

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8. DBFlow
   SQLBrite
   GreenDao
   Realm
   Room
   etc.
   

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9. val db = dbHelper.readableDatabase
   // Define a projection that specifies which columns from the database
   // you will actually use after this query.
   val projection = arrayOf(BaseColumns._ID,
   EmployeeEntry.COLUMN_NAME,
   EmployeeEntry.COLUMN_PHONE)
   // Filter results WHERE "name" = 'Alex'
   val selection = "${EmployeeEntry.COLUMN_NAME} = ?"
   val selectionArgs = arrayOf("Alex")
   // How you want the results sorted in the resulting Cursor
   val sortOrder = "${EmployeeEntry.COLUMN_NAME} DESC"
   val cursor = db.query(
   EmployeeEntry.TABLE_NAME, // The table to query
   projection, // The array of columns to return (pass null to get all)
   selection, // The columns for the WHERE clause
   selectionArgs, // The values for the WHERE clause
   null, // don't group the rows
   null, // don't filter by row groups
   sortOrder // The sort order
   )
   SELECT id, name, phone FROM Employee WHERE name = ? ORDER BY name DESC
   

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10. "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId"
    

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11. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    

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12. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    fun getEmployeesByTeamId(): List
    

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13. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    fun getEmployeesByTeamId(teamId: Long): List
    

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14. @Dao
    interface EmployeeDao {
    @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    fun getEmployeesByTeamId(teamId: Long): List
    }
    

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15. @Dao
    interface EmployeeDao {
    @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    fun getEmployeesByTeamId(teamId: Long): List
    }
    @Entity
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val teamId: Long,
    val name: String,
    val phone: String)
    

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16. @Database(entities = [Employee::class], version = 1)
    abstract class ContactsDatabase: RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun employeesDao(): EmployeesDAO
    }
    @Dao
    interface EmployeeDao {
    @Query("SELECT * FROM employees WHERE team_id = :teamId")
    fun getEmployeesByTeamId(): List
    }
    

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17. Room.databaseBuilder(context.applicationContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java,
    DATABASE_NAME).build()
    @Database(entities = [Employee::class], version = 1)
    abstract class ContactsDatabase: RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun employeesDao(): EmployeesDAO
    }
    

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18. @Insert
    fun insert(employee: Employee): Long
    @Insert
    fun insertListOfEmployees(employees: List)
    @Insert
    fun insertEmployees(vararg employee: Employee): List
    

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19. @Update
    fun updateEmployee(employee: Employee): Int
    @Update
    fun updateEmployees(employees: List): Int
    @Update
    fun updateEmployee(employee: Employee)
    

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20. @Delete
    fun deleteEmployee(employee: Employee): Int
    @Delete
    fun deleteEmployee(employees: List)
    @Delete
    fun deleteEmployee(vararg employee: Employee): Int
    

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21. onConflict =
    ABORT
    FAIL
    IGNORE
    REPLACE
    ROLLBACK
    

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22. @Insert(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.REPLACE)
    fun insertEmployee(employee: Employee)
    @Update(onConflict = OnConflictStrategy.ROLLBACK)
    fun updateEmployee(employee: Employee)
    

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23. Compile
    time
    errors
    

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24. @Query("SELECT id, surname FROM employee")
    fun getEmployees(): List
    There is a problem with the query: [SQLITE_ERROR] SQL error or missing database
    (
    no such column: surname)
    @Entity
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val id: Long,
    val name: String)
    

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25. @Query("SELECT * FROM employee")
    fun getEmployees(): List
    There is a problem with the query: [SQLITE_ERROR] SQL error or missing database
    (
    no such table: employee)
    @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val id: Long,
    val name: String)
    

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26. @Dao
    interface EmployeesDAO {
    @Query("SELECT name FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): List
    }
    @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val id: Long,
    val name: String)
    Columns returned by the query: name. Fields in Employee: id, name.
    

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27. @Dao
    interface EmployeesDAO {
    @SuppressWarnings(RoomWarnings.CURSOR_MISMATCH)
    @Query("SELECT name FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): List
    }
    

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28. @Dao
    interface EmployeesDAO {
    @Query("SELECT name FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): List
    }
    

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29. Entity
    

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30. @Entity
    data class Employee(
    val id: Long,
    val name: String,
    val phone: String)
    An entity must have at least 1 field annotated with @PrimaryKey
    

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31. @Entity
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val id: Long,
    val name: String,
    val phone: String)
    

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32. @Entity
    data class Employee(
    val name: String,
    val phone: String) {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true) var id: Long? = 0
    }
    

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33. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @PrimaryKey val id: Long,
    val name: String,
    val phone: String)
    

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34. @Entity(
    tableName = "employees",
    primaryKeys = ["id", "name"])
    data class Employee(
    val name: String,
    val phone: String)
    

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35. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") val id: Long,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "full_name") var name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone_number") var phone: String)
    

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36. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") val id: Long,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "full_name") var name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone_number") var phone: String) {
    @Ingore var image: Bitmap? = null
    }
    

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37. @Entity(
    tableName = "employees",
    foreignKeys = [(ForeignKey(
    entity = Team::class,
    parentColumns = arrayOf("id"),
    childColumns = arrayOf("team_id"),
    onDelete = ForeignKey.CASCADE))])
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "team_id") var teamId: Long,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "name") var name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone") var phone: String) {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") var id: Long? = 0
    }
    

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38. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "name") var name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone") var phone: String,
    @Embedded val homeLocation: Location) {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") var id: Long? = 0
    }
    id name phone latitude longitude
    data class Location(
    val latitude: Double,
    val longitude: Double)
    

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39. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "name") val name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone") val phone: String,
    @Embedded(prefix = "home_") val homeLocation: Location,
    @Embedded(prefix = "work_") val workLocation: Location){
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") var id: Long? = 0
    }
    id name phone home_latitude home_longitude work_latitude work_longitude
    data class Location(
    val latitude: Double,
    val longitude: Double)
    

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40. Type
    Converters
    

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41. @Entity(tableName = "employees")
    data class Employee(
    @ColumnInfo(name = "name") val name: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "phone") val phone: String,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "hire_date") val hireDate: Date) {
    @PrimaryKey(autoGenerate = true)
    @ColumnInfo(name = "employee_id") var id: Long? = 0
    }
    Cannot figure out how to save this field into database.
    You can consider adding a type converter for it.
    private Date hireDate;
    

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42. object DateConverter {
    @TypeConverter @JvmStatic
    fun toDate(value: Long): Date {
    return Date(value)
    }
    @TypeConverter @JvmStatic
    fun toLong(value: Date): Long {
    return value.time
    }
    }
    

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43. @Database(
    entities = [Team::class, Employee::class],
    version = 1)
    @TypeConverters(DateConverter::class)
    abstract class ContactsDatabase: RoomDatabase() {
    abstract fun teamsDao(): TeamsDAO
    abstract fun employeesDao(): EmployeesDAO
    }
    

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44. Testing
    

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46. adb shell
    Instrumentation
    am instrument
    Application
    Test Application
    

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49. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
    class EmployeeDaoTest {
    …
    lateinit var database: ContactsDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = Room.inMemoryDatabaseBuilder(
    RuntimeEnvironment.application.baseContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java)
    .allowMainThreadQueries()
    .build()
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldInsertAndRetrieveEmployee() {
    database.teamsDao().insertTeam(testTeam)
    database.employeesDao().insertEmployee(testEmployee)
    val employees = database.employeesDao().getEmployeeListByTeamId(TEAM_ID)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    assertEquals(testEmployee, employees.first())
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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50. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
    class EmployeeDaoTest {
    …
    lateinit var database: ContactsDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = Room.inMemoryDatabaseBuilder(
    RuntimeEnvironment.application.baseContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java)
    .allowMainThreadQueries()
    .build()
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldInsertAndRetrieveEmployee() {
    database.teamsDao().insertTeam(testTeam)
    database.employeesDao().insertEmployee(testEmployee)
    val employees =
    database.employeesDao().getEmployeesByTeamId(TEAM_ID)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    assertEquals(testEmployee, employees.first())
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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51. @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner::class)
    class EmployeeDaoTest {
    …
    lateinit var database: ContactsDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = Room.inMemoryDatabaseBuilder(
    RuntimeEnvironment.application.baseContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java)
    .allowMainThreadQueries()
    .build()
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldInsertAndRetrieveEmployee() {
    database.teamsDao().insertTeam(testTeam)
    database.employeesDao().insertEmployee(testEmployee)
    val employees = database.employeesDao().getEmployeeListByTeamId(TEAM_ID)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    assertEquals(testEmployee, employees.first())
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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52. Migration
    

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53. val MIGRATION_1_2: Migration = object : Migration(1, 2) {
    override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
    ...
    }
    }
    val database = Room.databaseBuilder(
    context.applicationContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java,
    DATABASE_NAME)
    .addMigrations(MIGRATION_1_2)
    .build()
    

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54. val database = Room.databaseBuilder(
    context.applicationContext,
    ContactsDatabase::class.java,
    DATABASE_NAME)
    .fallbackToDestructiveMigration()
    .build()
    

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55. val MIGRATION_2_3: Migration = object : Migration(2, 3) {
    override fun migrate(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
    // Create a new table
    createTable(database, CREATE_EMPLOYEE_TABLE_V3)
    // Copy the data from the old table to the new one
    copyData(database, EMPLOYEE_TABLE, TMP_EMPLOYEE_TABLE)
    // Remove the old table
    removeTable(database, EMPLOYEE_TABLE)
    // Rename the new table to the correct name
    renameTable(database, TMP_EMPLOYEE_TABLE, EMPLOYEE_TABLE)
    }
    }
    

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56. object SQLiteTestHelper {
    fun insertEmployee(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase,
    teamId: Long,
    name: String,
    phone: String) {
    val values = ContentValues().apply {
    put(TEAM_ID, teamId)
    put(EMPLOYEE_NAME, name)
    put(EMPLOYEE_PHONE, phone)
    }
    database.insert(EMPLOYEE, SQLiteDatabase.CONFLICT_REPLACE, values)
    }
    fun getMigrationDatabase(helper: MigrationTestHelper): ContactsDatabase {
    val database = Room.databaseBuilder(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), ContactsDatabase::class.java, DatabaseMigrationTests.DATABASE_NAME)
    .build()
    helper.closeWhenFinished(database)
    return database
    }
    fun clearDatabase(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $EMPLOYEE")
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $TEAM")
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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57. object SQLiteTestHelper {
    fun insertEmployee(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase, teamId: Long, name: String, phone: String) {
    val values = ContentValues().apply {
    put(TEAM_ID, teamId)
    put(EMPLOYEE_NAME, name)
    put(EMPLOYEE_PHONE, phone)
    }
    database.insert(EMPLOYEE, SQLiteDatabase.CONFLICT_REPLACE, values)
    }
    fun getMigrationDatabase(helper: MigrationTestHelper): ContactsDatabase {
    val database = Room.databaseBuilder(
    InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(),
    ContactsDatabase::class.java,
    DatabaseMigrationTests.DATABASE_NAME)
    .build()
    helper.closeWhenFinished(database)
    return database
    }
    fun clearDatabase(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $EMPLOYEE")
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $TEAM")
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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58. object SQLiteTestHelper {
    fun insertEmployee(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase, teamId: Long, name: String, phone: String) {
    val values = ContentValues().apply {
    put(TEAM_ID, teamId)
    put(EMPLOYEE_NAME, name)
    put(EMPLOYEE_PHONE, phone)
    }
    database.insert(EMPLOYEE, SQLiteDatabase.CONFLICT_REPLACE, values)
    }
    fun getMigrationDatabase(helper: MigrationTestHelper): ContactsDatabase {
    val database = Room.databaseBuilder(InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext(), ContactsDatabase::class.java, DatabaseMigrationTests.DATABASE_NAME)
    .build()
    helper.closeWhenFinished(database)
    return database
    }
    fun clearDatabase(database: SupportSQLiteDatabase) {
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $EMPLOYEE")
    database.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS $TEAM")
    database.close()
    }
    }
    

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59. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
    class DatabaseMigrationTests {
    @Rule @JvmField
    var migrationTestHelper: MigrationTestHelper = MigrationTestHelper(
    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(),
    ContactsDatabase::class.java.canonicalName,
    FrameworkSQLiteOpenHelperFactory())
    private lateinit var database: SupportSQLiteDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() { database = migrationTestHelper.createDatabase(DATABASE_NAME, 1) }
    @Test
    fun shouldMigrateDatabaseFromFirstToSecondVersion() {
    val requiredVersion = 2
    val validateDroppedTables = true
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertTeam(database, TEAM_TITLE)
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertEmployee(database, TEAM_ID, CONTACT_NAME, CONTACT_PHONE)
    migrationTestHelper.runMigrationsAndValidate(
    DATABASE_NAME, requiredVersion, validateDroppedTables, ContactsDatabase.MIGRATION_1_2)
    val employees = SQLiteTestHelper.getMigrationDatabase(migrationTestHelper).employeesDao().getEmployeeListByTeamId(1)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    ...
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() { SQLiteTestHelper.clearDatabase(database) }
    }
    

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60. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
    class DatabaseMigrationTests {
    @Rule @JvmField
    var migrationTestHelper: MigrationTestHelper = MigrationTestHelper(
    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(),
    ContactsDatabase::class.java.canonicalName,
    FrameworkSQLiteOpenHelperFactory())
    private lateinit var database: SupportSQLiteDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = migrationTestHelper.createDatabase(DATABASE_NAME, 1)
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldMigrateDatabaseFromFirstToSecondVersion() {
    val requiredVersion = 2
    val validateDroppedTables = true
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertTeam(database, TEAM_TITLE)
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertEmployee(database, TEAM_ID, CONTACT_NAME, CONTACT_PHONE)
    migrationTestHelper.runMigrationsAndValidate(
    DATABASE_NAME,
    requiredVersion,
    validateDroppedTables,
    ContactsDatabase.MIGRATION_1_2)
    val employees = SQLiteTestHelper.getMigrationDatabase(migrationTestHelper)
    .employeesDao()
    .getEmployeeListByTeamId(1)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    ...
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    SQLiteTestHelper.clearDatabase(database)
    }
    }
    

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61. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
    class DatabaseMigrationTests {
    @Rule @JvmField
    var migrationTestHelper: MigrationTestHelper = MigrationTestHelper(
    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(),
    ContactsDatabase::class.java.canonicalName,
    FrameworkSQLiteOpenHelperFactory())
    private lateinit var database: SupportSQLiteDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = migrationTestHelper.createDatabase(DATABASE_NAME, 1)
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldMigrateDatabaseFromFirstToSecondVersion() {
    val requiredVersion = 2
    val validateDroppedTables = true
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertTeam(database, TEAM_TITLE)
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertEmployee(database, TEAM_ID, CONTACT_NAME, CONTACT_PHONE)
    migrationTestHelper.runMigrationsAndValidate(DATABASE_NAME,
    requiredVersion,
    validateDroppedTables,
    ContactsDatabase.MIGRATION_1_2)
    val employees = SQLiteTestHelper.getMigrationDatabase(migrationTestHelper)
    .employeesDao()
    .getEmployeeListByTeamId(1)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    ...
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    SQLiteTestHelper.clearDatabase(database)
    }
    }
    

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62. @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
    class DatabaseMigrationTests {
    @Rule @JvmField
    var migrationTestHelper: MigrationTestHelper = MigrationTestHelper(
    InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation(),
    ContactsDatabase::class.java.canonicalName,
    FrameworkSQLiteOpenHelperFactory())
    private lateinit var database: SupportSQLiteDatabase
    @Before
    fun setUp() {
    database = migrationTestHelper.createDatabase(DATABASE_NAME, 1)
    }
    @Test
    fun shouldMigrateDatabaseFromFirstToSecondVersion() {
    val requiredVersion = 2
    val validateDroppedTables = true
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertTeam(database, TEAM_TITLE)
    SQLiteTestHelper.insertEmployee(database, TEAM_ID, CONTACT_NAME, CONTACT_PHONE)
    migrationTestHelper.runMigrationsAndValidate(
    DATABASE_NAME,
    requiredVersion,
    validateDroppedTables,
    ContactsDatabase.MIGRATION_1_2)
    val employees = SQLiteTestHelper.getMigrationDatabase(migrationTestHelper)
    .employeesDao()
    .getEmployeeListByTeamId(1)
    assertEquals(1, employees.size)
    ...
    }
    @After
    fun tearDown() {
    SQLiteTestHelper.clearDatabase(database)
    }
    }
    

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63. LiveData
    RxJava
    

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64. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): LiveData>
    

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65. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): Flowable>
    

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66. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): Single>
    

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67. @Query("SELECT * FROM employees")
    fun getEmployees(): Maybe>
    

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68. Q&A Room Persistence Library
    https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/room.html
    7 Steps To Room
    https://medium.com/google-developers/7-steps-to-room-27a5fe5f99b2
    7 Pro-tips for Room
    https://medium.com/google-developers/7-pro-tips-for-room-fbadea4bfbd1
    Blog
    http://alexzh.com/
    @Alex_Zhukovich
    

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