Building Web Apps with Rack and Sinatra

Transcript

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   Building Web Apps with Rack and Sinatra @blacktm

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   Objectives ✔ Describe the HTTP request process ✔ Define Rack,

   describe its purpose ✔ Build a simple Rack web app ✔ Define, build, and use middleware ✔ Define DSL (compare with “framework”) ✔ Build a simple Sinatra app
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   Things You’ll Need ✔ gem install thin ✔ gem install

   sinatra ✔ gem install heroku ✔ Project files and notes at blacktm.com
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   HTML CSS JS Rails / Sinatra Ruby Deploy

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   Web Server HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App

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   Web Server HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App

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   What is Rack? A modular web server interface. (Connects your

   Ruby app to the web.)
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   None
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   A common interface.

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    Your App Rack Thin WEBrick Mongrel CGI

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    What is a Rack app? A Ruby object that responds

    to a “call” method, taking a single hash parameter, and returning an array which contains the response status code, response headers, and response body as an array of strings. “In English, please.”
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    $ rackup config.ru Run it! Open “simple_rack” and edit the

    “config.ru” file. # config.ru - rackup file require 'rack' class MyApp def call(env) headers = { "Content-Type" => "text/html" } [200, headers, ["Hello world!"]] end end run MyApp.new
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    http://0.0.0.0:9292 #=> Hello world! http://0.0.0.0:9292/there/isnt/a/route/here #=> Hello world! A very

    basic server.
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    Who cares? ✔ You just built a web app. Damn.

    ✔ Important in understanding (and building) web frameworks (e.g. Rails) ✔ Middleware!
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    HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App Web Server

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    HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App Web Server

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    Let’s explore Middleware! 1. Open “rack_middleware” 2. Stop the server

    (ctrl-c) 3. Run: $ rackup config.ru 4. Open: http://0.0.0.0:9292 or: http://localhost:9292
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    None
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    Rack’s Default Middleware (in development mode): Rack::CommonLogger Rack::ShowExceptions Rack::Lint

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    # app.rb class MyApp def call(env) puts "Hello from MyAPP"

    return [200, {}, ["Hello"]] end end No “Content-Type”
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    Solution? Middleware!

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    class ContentType def initialize(app) @app = app end def call(env)

    status, headers, body = @app.call(env) puts "Hello from ContentType" # TODO: Add "Content-Type" to the HTTP # headers and return the response. end end Open “config.ru”
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    Add the “Content-Type” to the headers. # TODO: Add "Content-Type"

    to the HTTP # headers and return the response. headers.merge!( "Content-Type" => "text/html" ) return [status, headers, body]
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    class FinishSentence def initialize(app) @app = app end def call(env)

    status, headers, body = @app.call(env) puts "Hello from FinishSentence" # TODO: Add " world!" to the HTTP # body and return the response. end end
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    Add the “ world!” to the body. # TODO: Add

    " world!" to the HTTP # body and return the response. body.push(" world!") return [status, headers, body]
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    Use the middleware. # TODO: Tell the app to use

    the "ContentType" # and "FinishSentence" middleware. use ContentType use FinishSentence
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    Run it! $ rackup config.ru http://0.0.0.0:9292 127.0.0.1 - - [13/Oct/2012

    21:18:58] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 0.0009
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    rack_middleware:$ rackup config.ru >> Thin web server (v1.5.0 codename Knife)

    >> Maximum connections set to 1024 >> Listening on 0.0.0.0:9292, CTRL+C to stop Hello from MyAPP Hello from FinishSentence Hello from ContentType 127.0.0.1 - - [14/Nov/2012 17:01:07] "GET / HT {
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    What’s wrong with this?

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    What’s wrong with this?

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    None
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    None
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    “Sinatra is a DSL for quickly creating web applications in

    Ruby with minimal e ort.” A “human interface” to Rack. “Domain Specific Language”
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    None
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    HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App Web Server

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    HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App Web Server

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    HTTP Request Middleware Rack Your App Sinatra Web Server

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    The Showdown Plain ‘ol Rack Sinatra get '/' do "Hello

    world!" end class MyApp def call(env) headers = { "Content-Type" => "text/html" } [200, headers, ["Hello world!"]] end end
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    $ rackup config.ru Run it! Open “simple_sinatra” and edit the

    “config.ru” file. # config.ru require 'sinatra' get '/' do "Hello Sinatra!" end run Sinatra::Application
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    What else can do?

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    # config.ru require 'sinatra' get '/' do "Hello Sinatra!" end

    get '/hello/:name' do |n| "Hello #{n}!" end get '/wildcard/*' do request.inspect end error 404 do "OMG, 404!" end get '/breakit' do 500 end run Sinatra::Application
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    None
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    Rails email database ajax orm csrf routes tests sessions models

    views controllers “A full-stack web application framework.” logging tasks
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    Middleware Rack Your App Rails Web Server Middleware Rack Your

    App Sinatra Web Server
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    Middleware Rack Your App Web Server Middleware Rack Your App

    Sinatra Web Server RAILS
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    None
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    None
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    None
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    None
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    me

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    None
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    None
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    None
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    Rack + Sinatra + DataMapper + Heroku Messages App

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    Thanks! @blacktm