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Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne

Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne

Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox
under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 by Brian Byrne

Skills Matter, July 2019

Brian Linuxing

July 17, 2019
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  1. Linux 102 - Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under

    Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 By Brian Byrne Skills Matter, July 2019 © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  2. Tonight’s talks are dedicated to Margaret Hamilton, a superb computer

    scientist and person. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  3. Margaret Hamilton's coding skills saved the Apollo 11 mission. Her

    careful approach and software was later used in Skylab (the first U.S. space station) and in the space shuttles. Margaret Hamilton, Apollo Software Engineer, coded the controls system for NASA. Her extra care in coding meant that even when errors overloaded the system her software compensated and Apollo 11, the first human landing on the moon was a success. The White House citation: “…Hamilton contributed to concepts of asynchronous software, priority scheduling and priority displays, and human-in-the-loop decision capability, which set the foundation for modern, ultra-reliable software design and engineering.” © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  4. Please put your hand up if you use any of

    these. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  5. Hands up? Congratulations! You are a Linux user! I am

    just like you :) © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  6. I am Brian. I do too much Twitter: @BrianLinuxing ©

    Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  7. Brian Byrne discovered computing around the time Intel released the

    4004 chip, in 1971. After 1979 he professionally worked across most sectors, educational, commercial and finance, in some seriously technical, managerial and hands-on roles. Brian organises Linuxing In London, co-organises Covent Garden Pi Jam and the phenomenal all London Raspberry Pi Jam. He is rather fond of opera and history books. NB: Brian speaks in paragraphs. He is a freelance IT manager, a thinker and do-er for hire. Want your IT systems organised properly? Pay him, he’ll do it for you! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  8. Operating Systems I’ve used, installed, fixed and played with over

    24 operating systems in 40 years, including but not limited to: TOPS-10, RT-11, RSX, VAX/VMS, CP/M, MS-DOS, AmigaOS, RSTE/E, Classic Mac OS (Lisa), Sinclair_QDOS, Ultrix, OSF/1, SCO Unix, OpenVMS, OS/2, VM/CMS, NetWare, Windows 1-> Windows 3.1, Windows 95->98 SE, Windows NT 1.0 ->4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7->8.1, Windows 10 and a lot more Linux was my 15th or 16th operating system! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  9. A word about Linux Everything is Linux. Android phones, the

    lot. Linux is used on 100% of the world’s supercomputers. Everyone runs Linux: AWS, Netflix, Google, Facebook, even Microsoft Distrowatch lists 259 live Linux distributions, as of July 2019. Linux is free. 259 types to try out! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  10. The Raspberry Pi - the most popular small board computer

    © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  11. What’s a super computer and why are they important? Typically,

    these are the most expensive and fastest systems that can be purchased or created. US: Summit (created by IBM for Oak Ridge National Laboratory) uses IBM POWER9 CPUs and Nvidia Tesla GPUs, cost ~ $200 million, LINPACK benchmark ~143.5 petaflops. China: Sunway TaihuLight (created by China’s own NRCPC) uses SW26010 manycore 64-bit RISC processors, cost ~$273 million, LINPACK benchmark ~93 petaflops. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  12. Reasons to use Linux It does everything that Windows does,

    but better. It is used extensively in business, and is secure. Most backend computing involves the use of Linux. It is all over the Cloud, even at Microsoft, particularly in Azure. Plenty of choice (259+ varieties). It’s comparatively lightweight on computing resources, thus faster. It is the future, from a ~£35 computer to one costing $200+ millions. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  13. Linux facts All major Cloud providers offer Linux. 2/3s of

    web servers run Linux 2% on desktop, 26% among devs. Linux’s specialness: written in C, simple and small, works on low-end CPUs, support across 10+ computer architectures © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  14. Microsoft and Linux WSL2 - Windows Subsystem for Linux 2

    - a Linux kernel and shell directly from Windows 10. “Sasha Levin, Microsoft Linux kernel developer, in a request that Microsoft be allowed to join a Linux security list, revealed that: "the Linux usage on our cloud has surpassed Windows". “ © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  15. Teams Please, please work in teams, seriously. Teams. There is

    a lot of information to take in, it's best done in pairs or as a team. Please do write things down and help each other. I talk a lot, in paragraphs. Questions? Please keep the questions until the end. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  16. Requirements: A laptop enabled for virtualisation (Hyper-V, if Windows) VirtualBox

    6 installed. Download Peppermint Linux 9 (32 bit edition). Ideally 8+ Gb of free disk space. 2Gb or better of RAM. Mac, Windows 7 (64 bit when possible) or better. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  17. Media - USB sticks available Copies of VirtualBox 6 Mac

    OS and Windows are on the USB sticks, Peppermint Linux 9 (32 bit edition) and Lubuntu 18.04 too. Please copy them to your desktop, then return the USB sticks and install where necessary. Peppermint Linux 9 (32 bit edition) https://peppermintos.com/ Lubuntu 18.04.2 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 32 bit desktop image http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/18.04/release/ Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  18. A word about LTS and 32 bit LTS - Long

    Term Support Ubuntu type releases come out every six months, but LTS versions are supported for 5 years, thus preferable, 16.04, 18.04, etc Why 32 bit? In this instance and for our teaching purposes, 32 bit Linux works better with 64-bit host operating systems, most of the time. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  19. What we are going to do: 1. Create a virtual

    machine entry under VirtualBox 6. 2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox 6. 3. Boot Linux (Peppermint 9, it’s a similar procedure for other distros). 4. Run the installer. 5. Install Linux (from within a “live” copy of Linux). 6. Shutdown Linux down. 7. Post installation VirtualBox tasks: VirtualBox Extension Pack, Guest Additions and fix the settings to boot straight from virtual hard drive. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  20. Starting VirtualBox for the first time (on Mac OS) Linux

    102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  21. 1. Create a virtual machine entry under VirtualBox 6 The

    quick way a. Start VirtualBox ->New->Name->"Ubuntu32a"->Version->Ubuntu (32-bit)->Next(Memory Size)->Next->Create (create a virtual hard disk now) c. Next (VDI)->Next (dynamically allocated)->Create (10.00 GB) Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  22. 2a. Fixing the settings for virtual machine entry in VirtualBox

    Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  23. 2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox

    a. (Select Ubuntu32a) ->Settings->Storage->Controller: IDE->Empty (the disk symbol)->Live CD/DVD (tick)->Optical Drive->the disk symbol(select)->Choose Virtual Optical Disk File->(it opens the file manager-> select the Peppermint image->Open b. Check the Controller: IDE, does it have Peppermint-9, etc. there ? c. Click on OK, it returns to Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  24. 2c. Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager Linux 102

    by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  25. 3. Boot Linux (Peppermint 9). a. (Select Ubuntu32a) ->Start (click

    on green button). b. “Try Peppermint OS Live” and hit the return key. c. It will start up in console mode, ignore any minor error messages. d. Wait until you see the Linux desktop. e. Problems? Kernel panics? Running Windows? See below Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  26. 3d. Wait until you see the Linux desktop Linux 102

    by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  27. 4. Run the installer a. Select “Install Peppermint 9” and

    hit the return key. b. Wait for the Welcome screen. c. Follow the instructions below. Also, see the first part of https://peppermintos.com/guide/7-oem-installation/ Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  28. 5. Install Linux a. Install Peppermint 9 ->English->Continue->English(UK)->Continue->Normal installation-UNCLICK->Download updates

    while…->Continue b. Erase disk and Install Peppermint->Write the changes to disk?->Continue->Where are you->Continue c. Who are you (fill in)->Continue d. Installation complete->Continue Testing->Menu->Shutdown Icon (green)->Shutdown [see https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-install-ubuntu-desktop#2 and https://peppermintos.com/guide/7-oem-installation/ ] Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  29. 5.1 Installation notes Take all sensible defaults, except the “Download

    updates while…” Just keep doing Continue after you have fully read the screens. There are only six simple steps: a) Welcome b) Keyboard layout c) Updates and other software (take care here) d) Installation type e) Where are you? f) Who are you? It installs, says so and then we shutdown via the Menu. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  30. 6.2 Explaining it all We have distilled the contents of

    the ISO Linux image into a file structure under VirtualBox that pretends to be a real disk. We have set-up this new Linux disk with the defaults you typed in. There are two minor tasks to complete then everything will be ready! Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  31. 6. Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager Linux 102

    by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  32. 7.1 Install VirtualBox Extension Pack and guest additions a. Visit

    the site https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads b. Download 6.0.6 Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack. c. Open and install with VirtualBox. d. Guest Additions Installation - main VirtualBox VM title->Device-> Insert Guest Additions CD Image e. Return to Linux Windows (near Menu)->Nemo (file manager)->left->VBox_GA->double click (make sure its mounted) f. Menu->(search bar)Terminal-"sudo -i"(no quotes)->cd to CD. eg "cd /media/brian/VBox_GAs_6.0.6 ->"pwd" (check where you are) g. Now execute sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run (as super user) and then reboot. h. See Chapter 4. Guest Additions of https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#guestadd-intro Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  33. 8.0 Windows issues and fixes Firstly, enable virtualisation in the

    BIOS. Enter your laptop’s BIOS/UEFI setup, then using the manufacturer's instructions change the settings to enable virtualisation. The precise method varies from laptop to laptop. This link works for many ThinkPads but not all laptops, please check your own model’s documentation. https://support.lenovo.com/gb/en/solutions/ht500006 Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  34. 8.1 Install Hyper V on Windows 7 Pro a) Download

    or obtain the Remote Server Administration Tools (RAST) for Windows 7 with Service Pack 1 (SP1) - b) Control Panel->Programs->Turn Windows feature on or off->Remote Server-enable->Server Manager-enable->Role Admin-Hyper V-enable->Remote Desktop Service Tool-Enable c) Verify by: Windows Start Menu->Search programs and files d) Enter “Hyper-V”, wait a minute and Hyper-V Manager should come up, and so it should work. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  35. 8.2 Turn on Hyper V Windows 8, 8.1 or 10

    a) Programs and Features->Select Turn Windows Features on or off->Select Hyper-V and click OK. b) Follow the guides below Additional resources: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ITOps-Talk-Blog/Step-By-Step-Enabling-Hyper-V-for-use-on-Windows-10/ba- p/267945 https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-install-a-virtual-machine-on-windows-10-using-hyper-v-now-even-easier-wit h-quick-create https://www.petri.com/workaround-finding-missing-hyper-v-tools-windows-10 https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-quickly-create-a-virtual-machine-to-test-new-features/ Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  36. All done. Now take a break, then do the Linux

    103 workshop or read the FAQs Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  37. FAQs Q1: What is Ubuntu Linux? Ubuntu is a very

    popular and widely supported version of Linux. It was developed by Canonical and based on Debian. If any Windows or similar apps are ever released for Linux they will probably appear first under Ubuntu. Q2: Why then use Peppermint and not straight Ubuntu? A: Peppermint is slightly better for older machine and fully compatible with standard Ubuntu. Q3: Can I do this installation with other versions of Linux? A: Yes, they are very similar. The overall procedure is comparable. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  38. Q4: Why use the 32 bit version here? Isn’t 64

    bit better? A: 32 bit is more likely to work under your existing 64 bit architecture. 64 bit is often better but in this instance the difference is negligible. Q5: Does the Linux touch my partition or existing hard drive? Where are its disks and my files? A: No, it runs under VirtualBox which in turn runs under either Windows 7/8/8.1/10 or MacOS. Your VirtualBox files are there. They are the big file that you created at the start, everything is in there. See the instructions 1a. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  39. Q6: Why do “Try Peppermint 9” and not just start

    the installer directly? A: Temporarily running the installer under its own version of Linux verifies the setup and shows if the operating system will run in this instance of VirtualBox. Just being extra careful. Q7: Is that it? Have we finished? A: Yes, compared to many other operating systems Linux is comparatively trouble free during installation, but if they do occur most errors are minor and can be fixed with time. You will need to do the post-installation tasks and install any additional apps. Q8: What is the Linux kernel? It is the essence of the operating system, it interacts with the hardware, allowing apps to run and managing memory, among many other things. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  40. Q9: What’s a Petaflop? Is it important? A: in this

    context, Petaflop is an overall measurement of speed. A single Petaflop is said to be a thousand million million (10^15) floating-point operations per second. A Gigaflop is one billion floating-point operations per second. A Teraflop is 1,000 Gigaflops and a Petaflop is a 1,000 Teraflops! According to Hexus, the Core i7 8700K was measured at (Single precision) 61.41 GFLOPS. Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  41. Q10: Linux boots but gives a fuzzy screen A: Try

    these: 1. Install the Extension Pack and try again 2. If that fails try Lubuntu 3. If that fails use Lubuntu with the F6 option and toggle nomodeset 4. If that fails try another distro Q11: I only have a 32 bit version of Windows. A: Use V5 of VirtualBox Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  42. Q11: Is there any documentation on this? A: The main

    Oracle documentation page: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Documentation Q12: Why not use just Hyper-V, instead of VirtualBox? Hyper-V runs on only Windows systems, these workshops are cross platform and focus on freely available software. Q13: What supported architectures does Debian support? See https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/i386/ch02s01.html.en Linux 102 by Brian Byrne. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  43. That is just the start, join us in using Linux

    daily. It will make your life easier, as Wikipedia does (they run Linux too)! © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  44. Brian’s follow-up talks cover: ➢ The history of operating systems

    since the Abacus. ➢ The installation of Linux from scratch on bare metal laptops. ➢ Installing Linux with VirtualBox on MacOS or Windows 7/8/8.1 and 10 ➢ An introduction to the Linux Command Line Interface (CLI), post installation tasks and software installation © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
  45. Thank you for participating. If you enjoyed the presentation and

    slides, then please leave a nice comment on Twitter, that would make me very happy. PS: All images herein are the copyright of their respective owners. © Brian Byrne, 2019. Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]