Installing Linux from the beginning with Brian Byrne, Virtual MASCOT Conference 2020.

Installing Linux from the beginning with Brian Byrne Virtual MASCOT
Conference 2020. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 1

A very quick introduction and straight to the tech demo
© Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 2

The thank yous A big thanks to everyone at the
University of Wolverhampton for inviting me, in particular Dr. Liam Naughton and Dr. Herbert Daly. Credit to Tuxedo Computers for supporting our free Linux community! https://www.tuxedocomputers.com/ These slides are on Speaker Deck https://speakerdeck.com/brianlinuxing © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 3

A confession: I am a dinosaur © Brian Byrne, 2020
Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 4

Very short bio: Brian Byrne Brian discovered computing around the
time Intel released the 4004 chip, in 1971. After 1979 he professionally worked across most sectors, education, commercial and finance, in some seriously technical, managerial and hands-on roles. NB: Brian speaks in paragraphs. He founded Linuxing In London (Britain's largest free educational and inclusive Linux group) in 2016, co-organises Covent Garden Pi Jam and the All London Raspberry Pi Jam (mini-science festivals for kids), plus a lot more. He is a freelance IT manager, a thinker and do-er for hire. Want your IT systems organised properly? Pay him, he’ll do it for you! © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 5

Brian’s operating system experience Brian has used, installed, fixed and
played with over 24 operating systems in 40 years, including but not limited to: TOPS-10, RT-11, RSX, VAX/VMS, CP/M, MS-DOS, AmigaOS, RSTE/E, Classic Mac OS (Lisa), Sinclair_QDOS, Ultrix, OSF/1, SCO Unix, OpenVMS, OS/2, VM/CMS, NetWare 2->3, Windows 1-> Windows 3.1, Windows 95->98 SE, Windows NT 1.0 ->4, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7->8.1, Windows 10 and a lot more. Linux was his 15th or 16th operating system! He took it up in 1993 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 6

Dedicated to Francis Allen © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email:
[email protected] 7 This talk is dedicated to the memory of Frances Elizabeth Allen who died recently. Allen was a maths graduate, who joined IBM in the late 1950s. Initially she taught the new language, FORTRAN. She worked on various supercomputing projects during her career at IBM, even on the notable IBM 7030 and PL/1. She produced major works on optimizing compilers and parallel computing in 1966, 1970 and 1972. Later on she went on to win the Turing Award in 2006. To this day we still use many of her radical ideas.

Objectives 1. Install Linux (from the beginning), use VirtualBox as
a platform. 2. Learn about virtualising, the Linux installation process. 3. Understand any gotchas. 4. Do the bits that are often left out or not fully explained. 5. The end result should be a Virtual Machine running Linux, which is fully updated/upgraded and ready to use. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 8

Brief agenda 1. A very, very quick installation demo (tick)✅
2. Discuss the concepts and how we do things 3. Complete a detailed walkthrough with screenshots 4. Recap after each section 5. Explain the key part to running a Linux system for years © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 9

Sections 1. Explaining Linux installations and virtualising 2. The Hypervisor
and guest operating systems 3. The main Linux installation 4. Post installation tasks 5. Windows issues and fixes 6. macOS issues and fixes 7. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 10

Section: Explaining Linux installations and virtualising © Brian Byrne, 2020

Broad Categories of Linux installations • Bare metal or as
virtualised. Then we subdivide down to three general types: • Servers, small board computers or desktop Linux. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 12

Bare metal © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 13

Virtualised © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 14

Linux on servers, small board computers or desktop Linux ©
Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 15

Under the hood of a virtualised desktop Linux © Brian
Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 16

A word about hardware, VirtualBox and operating systems © Brian
Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email:[email protected] 17

Four parts to the virtualising 1. Your hardware (laptop, desktop)
2. Your hosting operating system (Windows 10, macOS, Linux, etc.) 3. Hypervisor (VirtualBox) 4. The guest operating systems (Peppermint OS 10 (Linux)) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 18

Essential: a working host We are hosting Peppermint Linux within
VirtualBox, which in turn is hosted under your laptop’s main operating system. So the host operating systems and all of its bits have to work perfectly with VirtualBox, in the first place. See section 8.0 and 9.0 of these slides for troubleshooting help. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 19

© Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 20 Layered cake:host
operating system, virtualising and guest OS

Host operating systems © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
21

Got Windows? Are you running Windows? 1. Is Hyper-V working?
2. Is virtualisation enabled? Check the UEFI/BIOS, etc? If not, then VirtualBox won’t work and therefore we can’t install Linux. See section 8.0 help with Windows. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 22

Got macOS? Peppermint Linux works under VirtualBox and that uses
macOS. If you’re running macOS then watch out for application security restrictions in later versions. See section 9.0 of these slides for help with macOS. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 23

Recap: Explaining Linux installations and virtualising © Brian Byrne, 2020

Recap: Linux installations and virtualising There are many potential permutation
of Linux installations, we shall focus on desktop Linux with Peppermint OS 10 (Linux) working under VirtualBox, in turn under your own operating systems (Windows 10, macOS, Linux, etc.) Why virtualise? There is better utilisation of the hardware, it is a little complex but once mastered allows greater flexibility and management of underlying operating systems. NB: The host operating system must be functioning with VirtualBox 6 installed and proper working. This is your responsibility. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 25

Section: The Hypervisor and guest operating systems © Brian Byrne,
2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 26

Hypervisor: Oracle's VirtualBox © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
27

What is Oracle's VirtualBox? And why use it? Oracle's VirtualBox
is a hypervisor which runs across many host operating systems, including but not limited to: Windows, macOS or Linux. In functionality, it provides software-based virtualization, and is freely available. In turn virtual machines can, in theory, be moved between different host operating systems without any major issues. For our purposes it provides a standardized platform and is not host specific (compared to say, Hyper-V, Parallels, etc.), download VirtualBox at https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 28

Guest operating system: Peppermint OS 10 (Linux) © Brian Byrne,

What is Peppermint Linux? And why use it? Peppermint OS
10 is a derivative of Lubuntu 18.04 LTS and uses the Ubuntu repositories. In terms of design it is slightly simpler and thus faster than standard Ubuntu, but in functional terms it is the equivalent. Any application that can be installed on standard Ubuntu 18.04 works on Peppermint OS 10 Linux, without any change. It has less hardware requirements and is, therefore, a bit faster. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 30

Getting Peppermint OS In this instance we are using Peppermint
10 Respin (32 bit) ISO. https://github.com/peppermintos/Peppermint-10/releases/download/10_20191210/Peppermint-10-20191210-i386.is o Peppermint OS is available at https://peppermintos.com/guide/downloading/ There is a full installation guide at https://peppermintos.com/guide/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 31

A word about LTS and 32 bit LTS - Long
Term Support Ubuntu type releases come out every six months (April and October), but LTS versions are supported for 5 years, thus are preferable, 16.04, 18.04, etc. Is 64 bit better than 32 bit? Not always, 32 bit Linux can work better with 64-bit host operating systems, if 64 bit doesn’t work for you then use 32 bit. Functionally, for our purposes, there is, little to, no difference between them. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 32

Recap: The Hypervisor and guest operating systems © Brian Byrne,

Recap: The Hypervisor and guest operating systems Firstly, we need
a fully working host operating system (Windows 10, macOS, etc.), virtualisation must be working (see 8.0 and 9.0 for help). The hypervisor allows us to manage assorted virtual machines and in one of those VMs we shall install Linux via the Peppermint OS ISO. Each layer plays its part: • Hardware (Laptop or desktop PC) • Host operating system (Windows or macOS) • Hypervisor (VirtualBox) • Virtual Machine (Peppermint OS 10 - Linux) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 34

Section: The main Linux installation © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing
Email: [email protected] 35

Prerequisites or not There are no assumptions on knowledge or
skill levels. Everything is explained from scratch, but there are certain requirements to be successful here: A laptop enabled for virtualisation (Hyper-V, if Windows) VirtualBox 6 installed and working. Download Peppermint OS 10 Respin (32 bit edition). Ideally 12+ Gb of free disk space. 4Gb or better of RAM. A Mac, Windows 7 (64 bit when possible) or better. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 36

Technically, what we are going to do: 1. Create a
virtual machine entry under VirtualBox 6. 2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox 6. 3. Boot Linux (Peppermint OS 10, it’s a similar procedure for other distros). 4. Run the installer. 5. Install Peppermint Linux (from within a “live” copy of Linux). • Take the defaults and click on Continue 6. Shutdown the “live” Linux 7. Post installation VirtualBox tasks: • Check and remove the original boot media. • Update/upgrade from the repositories, if time allows. • Install the Guest Additions © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 37

How are we going to do it? 1. I shall
walk you through each step and recap each section. 2. Please, do not follow everything robotically, use common sense! 3. The graphics (screenshots will vary slightly depending on if you installed VirtualBox on Linux, macOS or Windows, but they are essentially the same. 4. We will look at a short description of the task, then I will take you through it via screenshots. 5. Remember it is much, much easier than it looks :) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 38

0. Starting VirtualBox for the first time © Brian Byrne,

1. Create a virtual machine entry under VirtualBox The quick
way a. Start VirtualBox ->New->Name->"Ubuntu32a"->Version->Ubuntu (32-bit)->Next(Memory Size)->1792->Next->Create (create a virtual hard disk now) b. Next (VDI)->Next (dynamically allocated)->Create (10.00 GB) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 40

1a. Create a virtual machine entry under VirtualBox © Brian

1b. Fill in the details © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

1c. Memory size © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
43

1d. Hard disk © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
44

1e. Storage on physical hard disk © Brian Byrne, 2020

1f. File location and size © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

1g. Return main screen of Oracle VM Virtual Manager ©
Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 47

2. Fix the settings for the virtual machine in VirtualBox
a. Select <the name of your virtual instance> b. Settings->Storage->Controller: IDE->Empty (the disk symbol)->Live CD/DVD (tick)->Optical Drive->the disk symbol(select)->Choose Virtual Optical Disk File->(it opens the file manager-> select the Peppermint image->Open b. Check the Controller: IDE, does it have Peppermint-10, etc. there ? c. Click on OK, it returns to Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 48

2a. The basic entry for a virtual machine entry in
VirtualBox © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 49

2b. Fix the settings on a virtual machine entry in
VirtualBox © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 50

2c. Storage © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 51

2d. Storage->Controller: IDE->Empty © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
52

2e. Connect the ISO to the IDE controller © Brian

2f. Watch out for the drop- down menu © Brian

2g. Check the Controller: IDE, does it have Peppermint there?

2h. Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager © Brian

2.1 A quick explanation: Starting up VirtualBox and creating an
entry We have started up Oracle’s VirtualBox for the first time, created an initial entry, left it in place, then pointed the virtual machine entry to the ISO image we downloaded earlier. Now we start it. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 57

3. Boot Linux (Peppermint 10) a. Select <the name of
your virtual instance) ->Start (click on green button). b. “Try Peppermint OS Live” and hit the return key. c. It will start up in console mode, ignore any minor error messages. d. Wait until you see the “live” Linux desktop. e. Problems? Kernel panics? Running Windows? See below. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 58

3a. Boot it, from Start © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

3b. Console © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 60

3c. Starting up © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
61

3d. Wait until you see the “live”Linux desktop © Brian

4. Run the installer a. Select “Install Peppermint 10” and
hit the return key. b. Wait for the Welcome screen. c. Follow the instructions below. Also, see the first part of https://peppermintos.com/guide/7-oem-installation/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 63

4a. Select “Install Peppermint 10” and hit the return key

5. Install Peppermint Linux (from within a “live” copy of
Linux) a. Install Peppermint 10 ->English->Continue->English(UK)->Continue->Normal installation-UNCLICK->Download updates while…->Continue b. Erase disk and Install Peppermint->Write the changes to disk?->Continue->Where are you->Continue c. Who are you (fill in)->Continue d. Installation complete->Continue Testing->Menu->Shutdown Icon (green)->Shutdown © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 65

5a. Welcome © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 66

5.1 Installation notes Take all sensible defaults, except the “Download
updates while…” Just keep doing Continue after you have fully read the screens. There are only six simple steps: a) Welcome b) Keyboard layout c) Updates and other software (take care here) d) Installation type (and write changes) e) Where are you? f) Who are you? It installs Linux, it tells us so and then we shutdown via the Menu. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 67

5b. Keyboard layout © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
68

5c. Updates and other software © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

5d. Installation type © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
70

5e. Installation type - write changes © Brian Byrne, 2020
Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 71

5f. Where are you? © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email:
[email protected] 72

5g. Who are you? © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email:

5h. Who are you? Filling in © Brian Byrne, 2020

5i. It installs © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
75

Break time Typically, installing Peppermint Linux takes anywhere from 20
to 45 minutes to install, depending on the speed and age of your hardware. Time for a quick cuppa! © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 76

5j. The installation finishes © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email:

6a. Shutting down © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
78

6b. Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager © Brian

Success! © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 80

Recap: The main Linux installation © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

6.1 Explaining it all and the post installation VirtualBox tasks
We have distilled the contents of the ISO Linux image into a file structure under VirtualBox that pretends to be a real disk. We have set-up this new Peppermint Linux disk with the defaults you typed in. There are three minor tasks to complete then everything will be ready! 1. We must remove the live boot media. Or when it reboots it might return to the installation media, instead of the newly installed system. 2. Then we should always update the system before installing anything else. 3. Thirdly, install the Guest Additions (permits resizing of the screen, etc.) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 83

Recap: The main Linux installation That was the hardest part,
the main installation, the rest is comparatively easy. Remember to view the demo at the start of this talk as well. If the demo goes too fast then slow down your video player to follow each step. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 84

Section: Post installation tasks © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email:

7. Post installation VirtualBox tasks 1. Remove the boot media.
2. Update from the repos, a word of warning. 3. Add the Oracle Guest Additions, which allow for bigger fonts and screen resizing. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 86

7.1a Remove the “live” media © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing

7.1b Settings © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 88

7.1c Settings->Storage © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 89

7.1d Settings->Storage-Peppermint image © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
90

7.1e Settings->Storage->Peppermint image->Attributes © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected]
91

7.1f Back to the Oracle VM VirtualBox Manager © Brian

7.2 Update from the repos, a word of warring A
system update and upgrade must be run before installing any more applications, whenever possible. The first update of Peppermint Linux after a clean installation can take 25-30 minutes depending on the network speed and the capacity of the laptop, etc. It must not be interrupted or will, potentially, ruin the new setup. There are various ways of doing it (via the Update Manager, in the icon tray, with the Synaptic Package Manager or on the CLI). Let’s do the CLI method for the sake of speed. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 93

7.2.1 Post installation - update/upgrade a) Go to Oracle VM
Virtual Manager b) Click on the green Start button (wait for the newly created virtual machine to startup fully) c) (Bottom left) Menu-->Terminal-->(wait for the Peppermint Terminal to startup and you should be at a $(dollar) prompt) d) sudo -i e) apt-get update && apt-get -V dist-upgrade (answer y) f) Take any questions with the default <enter> g) When the system upgrade has completed fully and successfully returning to the $ prompt then type, reboot [Remember, don't interrupt apt-get or it might break your Linux system.] © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 94

7.3 Guest Additions - the quick way 1. Select, boot
up your Linux virtual machine but wait until it’s fully booted 2. Outside of the virtual machine, look at the top menu: File Machine View Input Devices Help 3. Select Devices-->Insert Guest Additions CD Image 4. Bring up a terminal (see previous slides) 5. Bring up the File Manager (bottom left icons, next to the terminal) 6. Click on the VBox etc entry (under Devices) and it will mount the device 7. Find the virtual CD device with the command, df -h 8. E.g. cd /media/brian/VBox_GAs_6.1.12 9. Check the drive is ok and accessible with the command, ls 10. If that works OK execute the command, sudo ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run 11. Enter your password. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 96

12. The process should take about 5-10 minutes during this
phase. 13. It should return to the $ prompt 14. Now type shutdown -h 1 when everything has completed. 14. Go to the Oracle VM Virtual Manager, press the green Start button 15. Be patient, it does a lot of work now, eventually then you should see the Peppermint OS 10 desktop, and we are done! © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 97

8.0 Windows issues and fixes Microsoft's Windows has various assorted
problems with VirtualBox. None of them are insurmountable, but they do take work on your part. Two things that you should ensure are working: 1. Virtualisation 2. Hyper-V Without these VirtualBox may not fully function. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 102

8.1 Virtualisation Firstly, enable virtualisation in the BIOS. Enter your
laptop’s BIOS/UEFI setup, then using the manufacturer's instructions change the settings to enable virtualisation. The precise method varies from laptop to laptop, use Google search too! This link works for many ThinkPads but not all laptops, please check your own model’s documentation. https://support.lenovo.com/gb/en/solutions/ht500006 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 103

8.1a Links on virtualisation BCE’s Enabling Virtualization in your PC
BIOS https://bce.berkeley.edu/enabling-virtualization-in-your-pc-bios.html Fedora documentation https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/Virtualization_Guide/sect-Virtualization-Troubleshooting-Enabli ng_Intel_VT_and_AMD_V_virtualization_hardware_extensions_in_BIOS.html Virtualization (VT-x/AMD-V)... https://2nwiki.2n.cz/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=75202968 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 104

8.2 Hyper-V on Windows The method for fixing Hyper-V on
Windows varies depending on the version you have installed. Firstly, it needs a 64 bit version of Windows. Hyper-V will not necessarily work on Windows 10 Home, see https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-how-to-enable-hyper-v-and-create-virtual-machines/ The slides below provide basic information on Hyper-V and: • Windows 7 • Windows 8 and 8.1 • Windows 10 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 105

8.2.1 Installing Hyper-V on Windows 7 Pro a) Download or
obtain the Remote Server Administration Tools (RAST) for Windows 7 with Service Pack 1 (SP1) b) Control Panel->Programs->Turn Windows feature on or off->Remote Server-enable->Server Manager-enable->Role Admin-Hyper-V-enable->Remote Desktop Service Tool-Enable c) Verify by: Windows Start Menu->Search programs and files d) Enter “Hyper-V”, wait a minute and Hyper-V Manager should come up, and so it should work. e) See https://www.microsoft.com/en-gb/download/details.aspx?id=7887 https://technogecko.net/msft/how-to-install-hyper-v-management-console-on-windows-7/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 106

8.2.2 Hyper-V on Windows 8 a) Typically, do Programs and
Features->Select Turn Windows Features on or off->Select Hyper-V and click OK. b) Various guides: Get started with Windows 8 Client Hyper-V the right way https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/windows-and-office/get-started-with-windows-8-client-hyper-v-the-right-w ay/ c) Hyper-V Support in Windows 8 https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2013/06/20/hyper-v-support-in-windows-8/ d) VirtualBox 6.0 - Use VirtualBox and Hyper-V at the same time thanks to the Hyper-V API https://us.informatiweb.net/tutorials/it/11-virtualization/281--virtualbox-6-0-use-virtualbox-and-hyper-v-at-the- same-time-thanks-to-the-hyper-v-api.html © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 107

8.2.3 Hyper-V on Windows 8.1 a) Typically, do Programs and
Features->Select Turn Windows Features on or off->Select Hyper-V and click OK. b) Various guides: Install Hyper-v on Windows 8.1 http://www.trainingtech.net/install-hyper-v-on-windows-8-1/ c) How to install Hyper-V on Windows 8.1 https://thesolving.com/virtualization/how-to-install-hyper-v-on-windows-8-1/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 108

8.2.4 Hyper-V and Windows 10 a) Extra care using these
links, V6 of VirtualBox will use Hyper-V if installed, see Windows 7 link. b) Windows 10 tip: Find out if your PC can run Hyper-V https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-find-out-if-your-pc-can-run-hyper-v c) Please follow the guides below: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/ITOps-Talk-Blog/Step-By-Step-Enabling-Hyper-V-for-use-on-Windows- 10/ba-p/267945 https://www.onmsft.com/how-to/how-to-install-a-virtual-machine-on-windows-10-using-hyper-v-now-even-easi er-with-quick-create https://www.petri.com/workaround-finding-missing-hyper-v-tools-windows-10 https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-tip-quickly-create-a-virtual-machine-to-test-new-features/ d) Some fixes are from the Web, use them with care and at your own risk, Windows 10 Version 1903 Hyper-V Is Currently Incompatible with Virtualbox 6.0.x https://www.sysnative.com/forums/threads/windows-10-version-1903-hyper-v-is-currently-incompatible-with-vi rtualbox-6-0-x.28466/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 109

9.0 macOS (previous known as OS X) Later versions of
macOS implemented system security restrictions which can affect the installation of VirtualBox. These links should help: User-Approved Kernel Extension Loading https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/technotes/tn2459/_index.html Fixing ‘The Installation Failed’ VirtualBox Error on Mac High Sierra 14 https://medium.com/@DMeechan/fixing-the-installation-failed-virtualbox-error-on-mac-high-sierra-7c421362b5b5 VirtualBox Crashing on Mac after Update https://carleton.ca/scs/2019/virtualbox-crashing-on-mac-after-update/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 113

We are all done. Congratulate yourself you have successfully installed
VirtualBox, Linux and setup everything up. Now take a break, and then read the FAQs. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 114

Q1: Where can I find out more about Frances Allen?
History of Scientific Women: Frances Allen https://scientificwomen.net/women/allen-frances-108 Frances Allen, first woman to win Turing Award for contributions to computing, dies at 88 https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/frances-allen-first-woman-to-win-turing-award-for-contributions-to -computing-dies-at-88/2020/08/06/7ea7d7a2-d7f0-11ea-930e-d88518c57dcc_story.html © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 116

Computer History Museum: Frances Allen https://computerhistory.org/profile/frances-allen/ Remembering Frances E. Allen
https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2020/08/remembering-frances-allen/ ACM: Frances ("Fran") Elizabeth Allen https://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 117

Q2: Where is the material for this talk kept? These
slides are on Speaker Deck https://speakerdeck.com/brianlinuxing The video material will be placed on Linuxing In London’s YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-qHkg48QRMhhjgKIOuf7qQ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 118

Q3: What is Ubuntu Linux? And why not use it?
Ubuntu is a very popular and widely supported version of Linux. It was developed by Canonical and is based on Debian. Given its popularity, if any Windows or similar apps are ever released for Linux then they will probably appear first under Ubuntu. That is why it is important on the Linux desktop. Q4: Why then use Peppermint OS and not straight Ubuntu? Peppermint OS is slightly better for older machines, It is less resource intensive and fully compatible with standard Ubuntu. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 119

Q5: Can I do this installation with other versions of
Linux? Yes, they are very similar. The overall procedure is comparable. Q6: Why use the 32 bit version here? Isn’t 64 bit better? The 32 bit versions of Linux are more likely to work under your existing 64 bit architecture with VirtualBox. 64 bit is often better, but in this instance the difference is negligible. Later on you can experiment with 64 bit Linux once you have master the theory and procedures relating to Linux and virtualization. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 120

Q7: Does the Linux touch my partition or existing hard
drive? Where are its disks and my files? No, it runs under VirtualBox which in turn runs under either Windows 7/8/8.1/10 or macOS. Your VirtualBox files are there. They are the big file that you created at the start, everything is in there. Explained here https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch10.html See the instructions in section 1a. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 121

Q8: Why do “Try Peppermint 10” and not just start
the installer directly? Temporarily running the installer under its own version of Linux verifies the setup and shows if the operating system will run in this instance of VirtualBox. We are just being extra careful. Q9: Is that it? Have we finished? Yes, compared to many other operating systems Linux is comparatively trouble free during installation, but if they do occur most errors are minor and can be fixed with time. You will need to do the post-installation tasks and install any additional apps. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 122

Q10: What is the Linux kernel? How can I learn
more? It is the essence of the operating system, it interacts with the hardware, allowing apps to run and managing memory, among many other things. It is a very, very complex topic best look at the kernel mailing. https://lkml.org/ The Linux Plumbers 2020 conference is on-line and very useful too. https://www.youtube.com/c/LinuxPlumbersConference/videos © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 123

Q11: Linux boots but gives a fuzzy screen Try these:
1. Install the Guest Additions and try again. See https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html 2. If that fails try Lubuntu. 3. If that fails use Lubuntu with the F6 option and toggle nomodeset 4. If that fails try another distro. Q12: I only have a 32 bit version of Windows. Then use the version 5 of VirtualBox https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Download_Old_Builds_5_2 © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 124

Q13: Is there any documentation on this? The main Oracle
documentation page: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Documentation Q14: Why not use just Hyper-V, instead of VirtualBox? Hyper-V runs on only Windows systems, these presentations are cross-platform and focus on freely available software. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 125

Q15: What architectures do Ubuntu and Debian support? See https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/i386/ch02s01.html.en
and https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SupportedArchitectures © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 126

Q16: I am using a Chromebook, it is not working
for me. Chrome OS is *not* Linux, it is close but not really Linux. But have a look at: Set up Linux (Beta) on your Chromebook https://support.google.com/chromebook/answer/9145439?hl=en-GB Chrome OS devices/Crostini https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chrome_OS_devices/Crostini © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 127

Q17: What do the settings in Storage options mean? See
the VirtualBox documentation https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch03.html Q18: Is there any homework or things we should learn after this talk? Yes, study the Linux command line interface. These free books will help: http://ubuntu-manual.org/downloads and http://www.ubuntupocketguide.com/download_main.html © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 128

Q19: The virtual machine’s screen is really small, what can
I do? Install the Guest Additions, see section 7.3 and read these links: https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch04.html#additions-linux https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ https://www.linuxuprising.com/2019/01/manual-virtualbox-guest-additions.html https://helpdeskgeek.com/linux-tips/install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualBox/GuestAdditions https://www.tecmint.com/install-virtualbox-guest-additions-in-ubuntu/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 129

Q20: Guest Additions doesn’t install correctly, what can I do?
You might need to install some packages: apt-get update && apt-get install build-essential gcc make perl dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r) © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 130

Q21: What’s the proper system management on Linux 1. Install
the operating system. 2. Reboot. 3. Do an update/upgrade. 4. Reboot. 5. Add any other apps, as required. 6. Do a weekly update/upgrade (takes 2-8 minutes, typically) 7. Check log files and performance, regularly 8. Only use the root account for a very specific system function, do most work in your own user account, whenever possible. 9. Everything is good to go. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter:@BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 131

Q22: How can I learn more about Linux? Are there
any free courses? This free course and associated links from IBM is an excellent starting place: Learn Linux, 101: A roadmap for LPIC-1, https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/linux/tutorials/l-lpic1-map/ © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 132

Brian’s follow-up talks: ➢ The history of operating systems since
the Abacus. ➢ [Linux 100] Why Linux? What makes it so special? ➢ [Linux 101] Installing Linux from scratch and rejuvenating an old laptop ➢ [Linux 102] Installing Linux from scratch on VirtualBox under Mac OS or Windows 7, 8, 8.1 or 10 ➢ [Linux 103] An introduction to the Linux Command Line Interface (CLI), post. installation tasks and software installation. ➢ [Infosec 101] Installing Kali Linux with VirtualBox on MacOS or Windows 7/8/8.1 and 10. ➢ [Linux 201] An introduction to system monitoring and advanced Linux CLI commands. **Coming soon. ➢ [Linux 301] Building your own distro from scratch. **Coming soon. © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 133

Thank you for participating. If you enjoyed the presentation and
slides, then please leave a nice comment on Twitter. That would make me very happy. [NB: All images herein are the copyright of their respective owners.] © Brian Byrne, 2020 Twitter: @BrianLinuxing Email: [email protected] 134

Installing Linux from the beginning with Brian ...

Installing Linux from the beginning with Brian Byrne, Virtual MASCOT Conference 2020.

More Decks by Brian Linuxing

Other Decks in Technology

Featured

Transcript