php[world] 2017 Domain-Driven Design Workshop

Transcript

1. Domain-Driven Design Deconstructed Domain-Driven Design Deconstructed Andrew Cassell @alc277 andrewcassell.com

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8. Domain-Driven Design

9. Domain-Driven Design

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11. Common Sense Software Development

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22. Encapsulation & Immutability & Modeling & Behavior

23. Domain

24. Domain

25. BEER

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30. Photo: Kathleen Pierce - Bangor Daily News

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42. Brewing Software

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54. recipe hop grain hop_inventory grain_inventory recipe_hop_link user recipe_user_link brew_event ROLE_USER

    ROLE_ADMIN

55. Source: http://jonclaytonbiz.com/

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58. People don't want to buy a quarter-inch drill, they want

    a quarter-inch hole. Theodore Levitt
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62. #JBTD (http://jobstobedone.org/)

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64. YYYYY

65. Why? Why? Why? Why? Why?

66. Search Caluclation List Automation

67. DDD !=

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73. http://www.csharpstar.com/

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75. DDD CRUD Correctness Testability Usability Maintainability Modifiability

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77. DDD BALL OF MUD / CRUD Correctness Testability Usability Maintainability

    Modifiability

78. DDD CRUD/MUD Recipe Building Inventory Brewhouse Activity Beer Menu /

    Prices Brew Sessions Brewery Website Calclations QA Record Keeping

79. Who is responsible

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84. Ubiquitous Language

85. Ubiquitous Language Developers Domain Experts

86. Ubiquitous Language

87. User Brewer Employee Taster Customer

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89. 1. Naming Things 2. Cache Invalidation 3. Off By One

    Errors Top 10 Reasons Programming is Hard

90. $recipe = BeerRecipe::findOrFail($uuid);
 $hop = HopRepo::where(“name”,”=“,”Simcoe”)->take(1)->get(); 
 if (!$recipe->hopsArray()->contains(‘hop_id’,$hop->id)) {


    
 $recipe->hopsArray()->attach($hop->id, [‘weight' => 1.0]);
 }
 
 
 $recipe->save();
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92. Ubiquitous Language $recipe->addGrains($grains); Code: We need to be able to

    add a measured amount of grain to a recipe. Business:

93. Ubiquitous Language $recipe->getEstimatedAlcoholByVolumeABV(); Code: We need to be able to

    calculate an estimated ABV for a recipe. Business:

94. Ubiquitous Language $storage = (new StorageFacilities())->findByOneName(“Silo #4”); $storage->howMuchOfGrainType(new GrainType(‘Winter Wheat’));

    Business: Code: We need to know how much Winter Wheat is in our storage silo #4.

95. Ubiquitous Language $recipe->addDryHop($hopQuantity,$schedule); Code: We need to add .2oz of

    12% AA per gallon of Simcoe hops to a recipe 7 days after the boil is complete. This is called dry hopping. $schedule = new DryHopSchedule(‘7 Days’); $hopQuantity = HopQuantity::(“Simcoe”,”12%AA”,”.2oz per gallon”); Business:

96. @recipe Feature: A user should be able to dry hop

    a recipe Scenario: User adds dry hops to recipe Given I am authenticated as a user And I am on “/recipe/0ef360fd“ And I press "Add Hops” And I fill out form with: | Hop Name | | Simcoe | Then I see “Alpha Acid: 11.5 - 15.0“

97. $recipe->dryHop($hop); $recipe->addIngredient($hop); $recipe->addToBoil($hop); $recipe->addToBoilKettle($hop); $recipe->addToBoiler($hop); $recipe->addFirstWortHop($hop); $recipe->addToFermenter($hop); $recipe->addToMashTun($hop); //fails

98. $hop = (new HopsSupply(…))->findOneByName(‘Simcoe’); $catalog = new RecipeCatalog(…); $recipe =

    $catalog->findOneRecipeByName(‘iPHPA’); $recipe->addDryHop($hop, new DryHopSchedule(‘7 Days’)); $brewers = new Brewers(…); $brewer = $brewers->findOneByUsername(‘cassell’); $brewSession = $brewer->brew($recipe); $brewSession->dryHopsWereAdded($hop, Datetime::now());

99. $hop = (new HopsSupplyRepo())->findOneByName(‘Simcoe’); $catalog = new RecipeCatalogRepository(…); $recipe =

    $catalog->findOneRecipeByName(‘iPHPA’); $recipe->addDryHop($hop, new DryHopSchedule(‘7 Days’)); $brewers = new BrewersRepository(…); $brewer = $brewers->findOneByUsername(‘cassell’); $brewSession = $brewer->brew($recipe); $brewSession->dryHopsWereAdded($hop, Datetime::now());

100. CRUD/MUD DDD Users Brewers String RecipeName Integer IBU Float(7,3) AlphaAcid

     Array of ORM Objects GrainBill BeerInventoryRepositoryInterface Menu
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104. $hop = (new HopsSupply())->findOneByName(‘Centennial Pellets’); $catalog = new RecipeCatalog(…); $recipe

     = $catalog->findOneRecipeByName(‘iPHPA’); $recipe->addDryHop($hop, new DryHopSchedule(‘7 Days’)); $brewers = new Brewers(…); $brewer = $brewers->findOneByUsername(‘cassell’); $brewSession = $brewer->brew($recipe); $brewSession->dryHopsWereAdded($hop, Datetime::now());

105. […], we want to establish the idea that a computer

     language is not just a way of getting a computer to perform operations but rather that it is a novel formal medium for expressing ideas about methodology. Thus, programs must be written for people to read, and only incidentally for machines to execute.

106. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓ Testability Usability Maintainability Modifiability

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108. The Brewer, designed and engraved in the Sixteenth Century, by

     Jost Amman.

109. Inventory Marketing Finance Production “Hop”

110. Quantity at a Location Flavor Expenditure Ingredient “Hop”

111. Bounded Contexts

112. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

113. Slide: Vaughn Vernon

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115. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

116. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

117. Message Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

118. Domain Event Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

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124. Personas

125. adaptivepath.com

126. Photos: Terry Brown and Gordon Stettinius Alice Shane P.J. Sam

     George Male Age 32 Brewer for 3 Years Got into brewing after the record store he worked at closed. Is very tech savvy and carries an Android. Male Age 50 Brewing for 10 Years Just Promoted to COO Retired civil servant who believes software can make a brewery for regulatory compliant. Female Age 27 New Hire Library science graduate who was just hired away from the local university. iPhone user. Male Age 52 Librarian for 30 years Has been brewing beer as long as he can remember. Loves beer podcasts but is not a fan of technology. Male Age 46 Brewer for 20 Years Loves poetry and writing. Brewing is just a job to pay the bills.
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131. https://blog.intercom.io/using-job-stories-design-features-ui-ux/

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134. 7 Dirty Words When Meeting With a Domain Expert 1.Session

     2.Repository 3.Abstract 4.Interface 5.Class 6.Database 7.Foreign Key

135. User Research

136. Photo: Mathias Verraes

137. Command Actor Model Domain Event

138. Domain Event • Something that happens in the software. •

     Past Tense

139. Domain Event • Beer Was Brewed • Grain Was Added

     • Hops Were Added • Brewer Changed Email Address
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149. Command Actor Model Domain Event

150. Command • The action that precipitates the event • Written

     in Present Tense

151. Command • Start Brewing Session • Add Grain to Recipe

     • Add Hops To Fermenter • Change Email Address
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154. Command Actor Model Domain Event

155. Model • Command is acted upon this thing • Might

     Include Supporting Models

156. Model • Recipe • Ingredient • Brewer

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158. Command Actor Model Domain Event

159. Actor • Who did it? • If you only have

     one user you might not need this
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162. Command Actor Model Domain Event

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165. business origami

166. Jess McMullin Business Origami

167. Jess McMullin Business Origami

168. Jess McMullin Business Origami

169. Sean Jalleh

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172. Source: Jeff Patton

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178. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability Usability ✓ Maintainability

     Modifiability

179. Domain Objects Value Objects Domain Events Entities Aggregates

180. Value Object Immutable No Identity (Only Values) Hop Name Amount

     Paid Temperature Entity Identifiable Mutable Lifecycle Contains Value Objects Line Item Brewer Water Chemistry Aggregate Entity Responsible For Child Entities Transaction Boundary Invoice Recipe Brew Session

181. Value Objects

182. Email Address Recipe Name Date We Brewed On Weight Temperature

     Value Objects

183. Value Objects Email Address Recipe Name Date We Brewed On

     Weight Temperature Ubiquitous Language

184. Value Objects EmailAddress RecipeName BrewedOn Pounds DegreesFahrenheit Email Address Recipe

     Name Date We Brewed On Weight Temperature

185. Not Just Static Typing https://github.com/Fiedzia/type-system-research/blob/master/README.md Value Objects

186. Immutable

187. Immutable Avoid Spooky Action at a Distance

188. ALWAYS VALID Value Objects

189. Value Objects

190. “Gateway Drug to Test Driven Development” Value Objects

191. “Gateway Drug to Test Driven Development” Value Objects #MYTESTSDONTPASS

192. Plain PHP Objects (POPOs) Value Objects

193. Plain PHP Objects (POPOs) • Declare Class Properties as Private

     • No Setters (behaviors will return new) • No References to Mutable Objects • Throw Exceptions in Constructor Value Objects

194. Only depend on scalars or other value objects. Value Objects

195. They are not dependencies that you inject. Value Objects

196. RecipeName Example

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201. cassell:beeriously cassell$ docker run --rm --interactive --tty --network beeriously_default --volume

     `pwd`:/app --user : --workdir /app beeriously_php-fpm /app/vendor/bin/phpunit --configuration /app/src/Tests/Unit/ phpunit.xml.dist PHPUnit 6.4.3 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. FEE 3 / 3 (100%) Time: 2.34 seconds, Memory: 4.00MB There were 2 errors: 1) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testGetter Error: Class 'Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName' not found /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:20 2) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testToString Error: Class 'Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName' not found /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:26 -- There was 1 failure: 1) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testEmptyFails Failed asserting that exception of type "Error" matches expected exception "Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\InvalidRecipeNameException". Message was: "Class 'Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName' not found" at /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:15 . ERRORS! Tests: 3, Assertions: 1, Errors: 2, Failures: 1.
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203. cassell:beeriously cassell$ docker run --rm --interactive --tty --network beeriously_default --volume

     `pwd`:/app --user : --workdir /app beeriously_php-fpm /app/ vendor/bin/phpunit --configuration /app/src/Tests/Unit/phpunit.xml.dist PHPUnit 6.4.3 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. .EE 3 / 3 (100%) Time: 1.56 seconds, Memory: 4.00MB There were 2 errors: 1) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testGetter Error: Call to undefined method Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName::getValue() /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:21 2) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testToString Object of class Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName could not be converted to string /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:27 ERRORS! Tests: 3, Assertions: 2, Errors: 2. cassell:beeriously cassell$
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205. docker run --rm --interactive --tty --network beeriously_default --volume `pwd`:/app --

     user : --workdir /app beeriously_php-fpm /app/vendor/bin/phpunit --configuration /app/ src/Tests/Unit/phpunit.xml.dist PHPUnit 6.4.3 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. ..E 2 / 3 (67%) Time: 292 ms, Memory: 4.00MB There was 1 error: 1) Beeriously\Tests\Unit\Domain\Recipe\RecipeNameTest::testToString Object of class Beeriously\Domain\Recipe\RecipeName could not be converted to string /app/src/Tests/Unit/Domain/Recipe/RecipeNameTest.php:27 ERRORS! Tests: 35, Assertions: 78, Errors: 1. make: *** [unit] Error 2 cassell:beeriously cassell$
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207. cassell:beeriously cassell$ docker run --rm --interactive --tty --network beeriously_default --volume

     `pwd`:/app --user : --workdir /app beeriously_php-fpm /app/vendor/bin/phpunit --configuration /app/src/Tests/ Unit/phpunit.xml.dist PHPUnit 6.4.3 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors. ... 3 / 3 (100%) Time: 192 ms, Memory: 4.00MB OK (3 tests, 4 assertions)
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210. BrewedOn Example

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214. Pounds Example

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218. $poundA->reduceBy($poundB);

219. Eliminates Checking Value Objects

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221. Factories $weight = $factory->create(‘2 lbs’);

222. Static Constructors

223. Natural Language Constructors

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226. Temperature Example

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232. Composite Value Objects

233. Full Name First Name + Last Name

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235. Encoding Business Logic in Value Objects

236. Amount of Alcohol

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238. ABV

239. Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + CO2

240. Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + CO 2 C H

     O ->2C H OH + 2CO 6 12 6 2 5 2

241. Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + CO2

242. Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + CO2

243. Sugar - Sugar = Alcohol START FINISH

244. Sugar - Sugar = Alcohol START FINISH Volume Volume

245. Specific Gravity

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247. Hydrometer

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249. learntomoonshine.com

250. Michael L. Hall - Zymurgy, Summer 1995, vol. 18, no.

     2
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270. DDD CRUD/MUD RecipeName String Temperature Float(7,3) DateBrewed DateTime Gravity Float(7,3)

     ABV Function + Validation?

271. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability ✓ Usability ✓

     Maintainability Modifiability
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273. Entities

274. Identifiable Have State and are Mutable (Lifecycle) Never in an

     Invalid State Operate using Value Objects No Security or Permission Checks *(Ideally) Storage Agnostic Entities

275. DO AS MUCH AS YOU CAN IN VALUE OBJECTS!

276. Doctrine Mappings Doctrine Annotations Laravel Eloquent ORM “Storage Agnostic”

277. BEHAVIOR FIRST! STORAGE SECOND! “Storage Agnostic”

278. Single Entity Entities Regular Aggregate Contain Other Entities

279. Brewer Grain Hops BeerOnTap Entity Types Regular Aggregate Invoice Recipe

     BrewSession BeerMenu

280. Making an Entity: Brewer Identifiable ID (UUID) Mutable $brewer->changeUsername $brewer->changeName

     $brewer->changeEmail Never in an Invalid State __construct Operate Using Value Objects FullName, EmailAddress, …
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282. SETTERS ARE BAD

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287. Calling two setters in a row on the same object

     Missing a Concept?

288. Calling two methods in a row on the same object

     Missing a Concept?

289. Passing more than one parameter to a method Missing a

     Concept?
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292. Doctrine

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302. Bounded Contexts

303. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

304. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse Recipe\Grain Inventory\Grain Brewing\BrewSession\Grain

305. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

306. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse Brewers Supporting Bounded Context

307. • Entities • Manages Child Entities • Transactional Boundary •

     The Easiest Models to Identify Aggregates

308. Aggregates Recipe BrewSession BeerMenu

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318. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability ✓✓ Usability ✓

     Maintainability ✓✓ Modifiability ✓

319. Task Based User Interface

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323. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability ✓✓ Usability ✓✓

     Maintainability ✓✓ Modifiability ✓
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325. Security

326. Domain (Business Logic) Application Services Controller Persistence Event/Command Bus Security

     Templates

327. Controller Domain Framework

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332. Controller Domain Framework

333. Mathias Verraes - Decoupling the Model from the Framework at

     Laracon EU 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaIGN_cTcc8

334. Ruby Midwest 2011 - Keynote: Architecture the Lost Years by

     Robert Martin https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpkDN78P884
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337. Domain (Business Logic) Application Services Controller Persistence Event/Command Bus Security

     Templates

338. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability ✓✓ Usability ✓✓

     Maintainability ✓✓✓ Modifiability ✓

339. Domain Events

340. Domain Events • Part of the Core Domain • Happened

     In The Past • Important Enough To Record (Persist) • Important Enough To Concern Other Bounded Contexts • Immutable Value Objects • Do Not Contain Entities or Other Mutable Objects • Can Be Created in an Entity
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342. BrewSessionWasPlanned

343. BrewSessionWasPlanned

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351. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓ Testability ✓✓ Usability ✓✓

     Maintainability ✓✓✓ Modifiability ✓✓

352. Business Rules in a Specification

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356. DDD BALL OF MUD/CRUD Correctness ✓✓✓ Testability ✓✓ Usability ✓✓

     Maintainability ✓✓✓ Modifiability ✓✓
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358. Command Query Responsibility Segregation

359. CQRS

360. Write Read

361. Write Model Read Model(s)

362. Write Domain Model Read Model(s)

363. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler

364. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Request

365. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Command

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368. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Command

369. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Command

370. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Command

371. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Response

372. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Response

373. Controller Command Bus Handler Handler Handler Response

374. https://gnugat.github.io/ 2016/05/11/towards-cqrs- command-bus.html

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381. Why Do CQRS?

382. Controller Domain Framework

383. Controller API (versions?) Console Commands

384. Event Sourcing

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388. Event Sourcing • Object Properties are Not Persisted • Events

     Are Persisted to 
 Append Only Event Storage

389. • Avoids Data Mapping • Avoids Object-relational Impedance Mismatch •

     Reduces Database Table Counts (Related Tables) • Potentially Reduces Model Counts Event Sourcing

390. Slide: Microsoft

391. Libraries • https://github.com/broadway • https://github.com/prooph • https://github.com/szjani/predaddy

392. Recipe Example

393. Learning More

394. homebrewersassociation.org

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397. DEV BOOK CLUB https://www.youtube.com/user/devbookclub

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403. DDDinPHP Google Group http://DDDinPHP.org

404. Final Thoughts

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411. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse

412. Inventory Recipes Brewhouse Legacy Context

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415. https://joind.in/talk/ee152 DDD Topics Covered •Ubiquitous Language •Event Storming •Modelling •Value

     Objects •Entities •Aggregates •Hexagonal Architecture •CQRS •Event Sourcing