Upgrade to Pro
— share decks privately, control downloads, hide ads and more …
Speaker Deck
Features
Speaker Deck
PRO
Sign in
Sign up for free
Search
Search
GraphQL 簡介
Search
Sponsored
·
Your Podcast. Everywhere. Effortlessly.
Share. Educate. Inspire. Entertain. You do you. We'll handle the rest.
→
Davy
October 24, 2017
Programming
130
0
Share
Embed
Copy iframe code
Copy JS code
Copy link
Start on current slide
GraphQL 簡介
Davy
October 24, 2017
More Decks by Davy
See All by Davy
Operator SDK 帶你玩轉 Kubernetes
davy_tw
0
430
2016 計中短期資訊推廣課程 —— 多人線上繪圖板
davy_tw
0
170
Open Source Software and Culture -- Crystal
davy_tw
1
220
簡潔優雅的語言 —— Crystal
davy_tw
0
180
各種工具介紹
davy_tw
1
130
Crystal
davy_tw
0
310
Mail Server
davy_tw
0
110
Git 基礎講座
davy_tw
0
420
PHP Cookie/Session MySQL 資料庫操作
davy_tw
1
210
Other Decks in Programming
See All in Programming
スマートグラスで並列バイブコーディング
hyshu
0
120
Signal Forms: Beyond the Basics @ngBaguette 2026 in Paris
manfredsteyer
PRO
0
240
DynamoDBには集計系のクエリがないけどなんとかしたい
musan
1
130
TypeScript+Orvalで実現する型安全かつ堅牢でスケーラブルなマルチチャネル通知基盤 / TSKaigi Night talks ~after conference~
d0riven
0
320
Contextとはなにか
chiroruxx
0
290
技術記事、AIに書かせるか、自分で書くか? 〜それでも私が自分の手で書く理由〜 / #QiitaConference
jnchito
2
1.4k
Javaの型とAI時代に型が大事な理由 / java types and type in AI era
kishida
2
120
「AIで開発し、AIを届ける」をEvalでつなぐ 〜AIネイティブに始めるプロダクト開発の実践〜 / Connecting "Develop with AI, deliver AI" with Eval
rkaga
4
4.9k
Oxlintのカスタムルールの現況
syumai
6
1.1k
Modding RubyKaigi for Myself
yui_knk
0
920
AIとASP.NET Coreで雑Webアプリを作った話
mayuki
0
500
不変条件と整合性境界—ビジネスが決める設計判断と実現パターン / Invariants and Consistency Boundaries
nrslib
13
3.6k
Featured
See All Featured
New Earth Scene 8
popppiees
3
2.3k
Building AI with AI
inesmontani
PRO
1
1.1k
Reflections from 52 weeks, 52 projects
jeffersonlam
356
21k
Practical Tips for Bootstrapping Information Extraction Pipelines
honnibal
25
2k
個人開発の失敗を避けるイケてる考え方 / tips for indie hackers
panda_program
122
22k
Documentation Writing (for coders)
carmenintech
77
5.4k
Groundhog Day: Seeking Process in Gaming for Health
codingconduct
0
200
Being A Developer After 40
akosma
91
590k
How to make the Groovebox
asonas
2
2.2k
How to train your dragon (web standard)
notwaldorf
97
6.7k
Performance Is Good for Brains [We Love Speed 2024]
tammyeverts
12
1.7k
Helping Users Find Their Own Way: Creating Modern Search Experiences
danielanewman
31
3.2k
Transcript
GraphQL 為什什麼 Web 這麼多 QQ
GraphQL
Why? Why not just use RESTful API?
RESTful API 使⽤用簡單的規則將資源定位: 抓取⼀一個使⽤用者的資源 GET /users/1 配合 HTTP 動詞來來對資源進⾏行行操作, 例例如下⾯面可以⽤用來來建立⼀一個新的群組資源
POST /groups 抓取⼀一個群組裡⾯面的使⽤用者清單 GET /groups/1/users
RESTful API 使⽤用簡單的規則將資源定位: 抓取⼀一個使⽤用者的資源 GET /users/1 配合 HTTP 動詞來來對資源進⾏行行操作, 例例如下⾯面可以⽤用來來建立⼀一個新的群組資源
POST /groups 抓取⼀一個群組裡⾯面的使⽤用者清單 GET /groups/1/users 很夠了了!
RESTful API 如果我想抓取某個群組裡⾯面的使⽤用者清單以外, 還想要抓取裡⾯面的使⽤用者的資料呢?
從 Client 下⼿手 GET /groups/1/users { "users": [ { "id":
1, "name": "Bob" }, { "id": 2, "name": "Alice" }, { "id": 3, "name": "Katherine" } ] }
從 Client 下⼿手 GET /users/1 { "id": 1, "name": "Bob",
"email": "
[email protected]
", "url": "http://bob.example.com" } GET /users/2 { "id": 2, "name": "Alice", "email": "
[email protected]
", "url": "http://alice.example.com" } GET /users/3 { ... }
從 Client 下⼿手 • 連線延遲 => 花比較多時間 • 網路路品質不好 =>
花比較多次數
從 Server 下⼿手 GET /groups/1/users?users.detail=1 { "users": [ { "id":
1, "name": "Bob", "email": "
[email protected]
", "url": "http://bob.example.com" }, { "id": 2, "name": "Alice", "email": "
[email protected]
", "url": "http://alice.example.com" }, { ... } ] }
從 Server 下⼿手 • 需要更更多欄欄位 => 修改 Server API 的程式碼
• 返回所有資料 => 單⼀一請求吞吐量量上升
RESTful 的缺點 • 沒辦法處理理批次請求(沒有規範) • 沒辦法由 Client 指定返回欄欄位 • 導致⼤大部分資源被浪費
• 無限增長的 Endpoint 數量量 • 每多⼀一種資源/處理理資源的⽅方式 => 多⼀一系列列相關的 Endpoint • 無法很好的處理理巢狀狀資源
RESTful 的缺點 • 沒辦法處理理批次請求(沒有規範) • 沒辦法由 Client 指定返回欄欄位 • 導致⼤大部分資源被浪費
• 無限增長的 Endpoint 數量量 • 每多⼀一種資源/處理理資源的⽅方式 => 多⼀一系列列相關的 Endpoint • 無法很好的處理理巢狀狀資源 浪費資源!
GraphQL 的特點 • 型別系統 • GraphQL 是強型別語⾔言,對於所有返回的物件, 其型別都必須被預先定義 • 內省機制(Introspection)
• 能夠藉由查詢內部結構讓 Client 掌握 API 細節 • 提供巢狀狀資源以及批次請求的⽀支援 • 由 Client 指定返回欄欄位,降低連線負載度
預覽 GraphQL POST /graphql query { group(id: 1) { users
{ id email } } }
預覽 GraphQL { "data": { "group": { "users": [ {
"id": 1, "email": "
[email protected]
" }, { "id": 2, "email": "
[email protected]
" }, { "id": 3, "email": "
[email protected]
" } ] } } }
預覽 GraphQL POST /graphql query { group(id: 1) { users
{ id email } } }
POST /graphql query { group(id: 1) { users { id
email } } } <============= 唯⼀一 Endpoint <================= GraphQL 查詢操作 <============== 查詢參參數 <=============== 欄欄位選取 預覽 GraphQL
GraphQL
Type system type User { id: ID! name: String! email:
String url: String } type Group { id: ID! name: String! users: [User!]! }
Type system • 型別定義: type User { ... } •
定義欄欄位(Field) id: ID! name: String! email: String users: [User!]!
Scalar types • Int • Signed 32-bit integer • Float
• Double-precision floating-point • String • UTF-8 character sequence • Boolean • Just "true" or "false" • ID • A unique identifier • Serialized in the same way as String
Type system • 提供⾃自訂 Scalar type scalar Date • 宣告陣列列
[Type] • 宣告非空 Type! • 組合技! [Type] [Type]! [Type!] [Type!]!
Type system • Interface interface Account { id: ID! name:
String! } type User implements Account { id: ID! name: String! email: String! } interface Bot implements Account { id: ID! name: String! author: User! }
Type system • Enum enum PostType { NORMAL SHARE }
• Union type union SearchResult = Post | User query { search(text: "an") { id ... on Post { title } ... on User { name } } }
Query & Mutation • GraphQL 提供查詢(Query)以及轉移(Mutation)的 操作來來對資源進⾏行行存取 • root object
提供 query 及 mutation 兩兩個 field query { group(id: 1) { users { id email } } }
Mutation mutation { createUser(name: "Jobs") { id } } {
"data": { "createUser": { "id": 4 } } }
Query & Mutation • Query 是非同步平⾏行行查詢;但 Mutation 會循序執⾏行行 • Query
沒有副作⽤用
Variables query ($type: PostType) { posts(type: $type) { id title
} } { "type": "SHARE" }
Variables query ($type: PostType) { posts(type: $type) { id title
} } { "type": "SHARE" } <== 宣告 $type 型別 <== 純 JSON 沒有型別,需轉型
Connection • Connection 是⼀一種特殊形態的 Query • 表⽰示圖上節點之間的邊
GraphQL
Pagination query { posts { id title } }
Pagination query { posts { id title } } {
"data": { "posts": [ { "id": 1, "title": "Post 1" }, { "id": 2, "title": "Post 2" }, ... ] } }
Pagination query { posts(first: 2) { id title } }
Pagination query { posts(first: 2 offset: 3) { id title
} }
Pagination query { posts(first: 2 after: $postId) { id title
} }
Connection query { postsConnection(first: 2 after: $cursor) { edges {
node { id title } cursor } totalCount pageInfo { endCursor hasNextPage } } }
內省機制 Introspection
內省機制 query { __schema { types { name } }
}
內省機制 { "data": { "__schema": { "types": [ { "name":
"Query" }, { "name": "User" }, { "name": "ID" }, { "name": "String" }, ... ] } } }
內省機制 • Query, User, Group, Mutation, ... • 我們⾃自訂的型別(包含 Query,
Mutation) • String, Boolean, String, ... • Scalar types • __Schema, __Type, __Field, ... • 底線開頭的 Meta Fields,屬內省系統的⼀一部分
References • GraphQL • http://graphql.org • GraphQL API v4 •
https://developer.github.com/v4/ • Explaining GraphQL Connections • https://dev-blog.apollodata.com/explaining-graphql-connections-c48b7c3d6976 • GraphQL and Relay 浅析 • https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000004586237 • GraphQL 入⾨門 Part I - 從 REST 到 GraphQL • https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10188294
GraphQL 3Q~