[PHPBenelux 2015] PHP Performance Tuning: Prepare for Ludicrous Speed!

There's a saying "hardware is cheaper than developers", but this only holds true if you treat your hardware with the respect it deserves.

Learn how to diagnose, confirm and fix bottlenecks in your application using XHProf and Xhgui.

After an in-depth look at how to use these tools, we'll take a practical look at actually using them to achieve measurable (~20%) performance improvements in a popular open source project.

Transcript

1. PHP Performance Tuning Prepare for Ludicrous Speed!
2. Proprietary and Confidential •Community Engineer at Engine Yard •Author of Zend PHP 5 Certification Study Guide, Sitepoints PHP Anthology: 101 Essential Tips, Tricks & Hacks & PHP Master: Write Cutting Edge Code •A contributor to Zend Framework 1 & 2, phpdoc, & PHP internals • Original creator of PHAR/ PHP_Archive • Lead for PHPWomen US •@dshafik Davey Shafik
3. Let’s start a conversation about mental health in tech mhprompt.org
4. Hardware is Cheap, Programmers are Expensive “ ” Source: Jeff Atwood
5. But only if you respect the hardware “ ” Source: Me
6. Number One Mistake
7. Proprietary and Confidential Do You Even Have a Problem?
8. Common Causes of Slowdowns
9. Proprietary and Confidential • Datastore • Doesn’t matter if it’s PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle, MongoDB, CouchDB, or MSSQL • External Resources • APIs, Filesystems, Network Sockets, External Processes • Bad Code • The only great code, is code that never has to run. Everything else, is just good code. Common Causes of Slowdowns
10. The Performance Loop
11. Proprietary and Confidential The Performance Loop
12. Profiling
13. Proprietary and Confidential • Profiling Records Relative Speed + Memory Usage + # of calls per function + Call graph • The act of profiling affects the speed (the outcome) of the code (just like quantum physics!) • Benchmarking Tests Actual Speed • What your users actually see Benchmarking Vs Profiling
14. When Should I Profile My Code?
15. Do I Have a Problem?
16. Proprietary and Confidential • The #1 issue with performance tuning, is assuming you even have a problem. • Premature Optimization is a waste of time. • Determine desired performance (e.g. 100 concurrent users with less than 1s response times). Benchmark on production hardware. Do you even have a problem? How big? Do I Have a Problem?
17. Choosing a Profiler
18. Active Profilers
19. Proprietary and Confidential • Development Only • Enabled/Activated by the Developer • Gather more information than passive profilers • Negatively impacts performance Active Profilers
20. Passive Profilers
21. Proprietary and Confidential • Minimal impact on performance • Gathers enough information to diagnose performance issues • Can be used in production Passive Profilers http://adw0rd.com/media/ 2010/04/xhprof.jpg
22. Xhprof + Xhgui
23. Installing Xhprof
24. Proprietary and Confidential $ pecl install xhprof-beta // php.ini (or similar) [xhprof]
 extension=xhprof.so Installing Xhprof
25. Installing Xhgui
26. Proprietary and Confidential $ cd /var/www $ git clone https://github.com/perftools/xhgui.git $ cd xhgui $ php install.php # runs composer install & checks permissions Installing Xhgui
27. Proprietary and Confidential • Default config found in: 
 /path/to/xhgui/config/config.default.php • Defaults to using mongodb on localhost without authentication Xhgui Configuration
28. Alternative Configurations
29. Proprietary and Confidential 'db.host' => ‘mongodb://mongo.host:27017', 'db.db' => 'xhprof',
 'db.options' => array(
 'username' => DB_USERNAME,
 'password' => DB_PASSWORD,
 ), Mongodb Configuration
30. Proprietary and Confidential Configuration: 'save.handler' = 'file', 'save.handler.filename' => 
 '/path/to/xhgui/xhprof-' .uniqid("", true). '.dat' Load it into Xhgui: $ php 
 /path/to/xhgui/external/import.php 
 /path/to/file.dat Saving to File
31. Web Server
32. Proprietary and Confidential Nginx/Apache • Setup a virtual host as you would for any other PHP app • Document Root: /path/to/xhgui/webroot CLI Server $ cd /path/to/xhgui $ php -S 0:8080 -t webroot/ Web Server
33. Using Xhprof
34. Proprietary and Confidential • Use auto_prepend_file to include xhgui/external/header.php CLI Server $ php -dauto_prepend_file=/path/to/xhgui/external/ header.php -S 0.0.0.0:8080
 Nginx fastcgi_param PHP_VALUE 
 "auto_prepend_file=/path/to/xhgui/external/header.php"; Apache php_admin_value auto_prepend_file
 "/path/to/xhgui/external/header.php Using Xhgui
35. Proprietary and Confidential • In xhgui/config/config.default.php
 'profiler.enable' => function() { return rand(0, 100) === 42; // ~1:100 Requests }, 'profiler.enable' => function() { return rand(0, 10) === 4; // ~1:10 Requests }, 'profiler.enable' => function() { return true; // Always }, Enabling the Profiler
36. Proprietary and Confidential 'profiler.simple_url' => function($url) { return preg_replace('/\=\d+/', '', $url); } URL Simplification
37. Proprietary and Confidential // Replace all numbers, and query params with XXX 'profiler.simple_url' => function($url) { $url = preg_replace("/[0-9]+/", "XXX", $url);
 $qs = parse_url($url, PHP_URL_QUERY); if ($qs) { $parts = array(); parse_str($qs, $parts); $v = array_pad(array(), sizeof($parts), "XXX"); $normalized = array_combine(array_keys($parts), $v); $replace = http_build_query($normalized); $url = str_replace($qs, $replace, $url); } return $url; }, URL Simplification (Cont.)
38. Proprietary and Confidential Run your code. That’s it.
39. Proprietary and Confidential Xhgui In-Depth
40. Proprietary and Confidential Glossary
41. Proprietary and Confidential Exclusive vs Inclusive
42. Proprietary and Confidential • Exclusive is just the current scope (e.g. a function), excluding any other code it calls • Inclusive is the current scope and any code it calls Exclusive vs Inclusive
43. Proprietary and Confidential • Call Count • How many times the function is called • [Inclusive] Wall Time (wt) • How long a function took in real time • [Inclusive] CPU Usage/CPU Time (cpu) • How much time the CPU spent running the function • [Inclusive] Memory Usage (mu) • How much memory is currently being used by the function • [Inclusive] Peak Memory Usage (pmu) • The peak memory usage used by the function Glossary
44. Proprietary and Confidential • Exclusive Wall Time (ewt) • Exclusive CPU Time (ecpu) • Exclusive Memory Usage (emu) • Exclusive Peak Memory Usage (epmu) Exclusive
45. Proprietary and Confidential (Demo)
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48. Proprietary and Confidential • Recent — The most recent runs (paged) • Longest wall time — Order by the slowest runs based on actual (wall) clock time • Most CPU — Order by the most CPU time • Most Memory — Order by the most memory usage • Custom View — Perform custom queries against the mongo DB • Watch Functions — Mark functions that should appear at the top of the run for review • Waterfall — An experimental view for reviewing how concurrent requests impact each other
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51. Proprietary and Confidential Reviewing Profile Data
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60. Proprietary and Confidential Function Details
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63. Proprietary and Confidential Trends
64. Proprietary and Confidential Trends Over Time
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77. Proprietary and Confidential Comparing Data
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90. Proprietary and Confidential Watch Functions
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93. Proprietary and Confidential • mysql_(.*) for ext/mysql • mysqli(.*) for ext/mysqli • pdo(.*) for PDO (which will work for all PDO-based database interactions) Watch all MySQL DB Activity
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95. Proprietary and Confidential Callgraph
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100. Proprietary and Confidential Feedback & Questions: Feedback: https://joind.in/
 Twitter: @dshafik Email: davey@engineyard.com Slides: http://daveyshafik.com/slides 13110 Xhprof: http://pecl.php.net Xhgui: http://github.com/perftools/xhgui Resources