Android Accessibility at BABBQ Amsterdam

'Accessibility for everyone' session at the Big Android BBQ Amsterdam 2016.
All slides containing video are removed though...

Transcript

1. Android accessibility
   

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2. Accessibility = Lint nagging…??
   

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4. Accessibility
   /ˈapps for everybody/
   Android apps that are usable by everyone. Make no assumptions
   about the user.
   

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5. AppFoundry
   appfoundry.be
   

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9. Assumptions
   Sight
   See the screen
   Mobility
   Touch the screen
   Audio
   Hear
   Speech
   Interact
   

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10. Accessibility?
    2 %
    visual impairment
    8 %
    men color blind
    0,1 %
    blind
    8 out of 10 with visual impairment or blindness are older than 65
    

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11. Accessibility?
    up to 20 %
    motor impairment
    Permanent
    Parkinson’s
    Tremor
    …
    Situational
    Injury
    …
    Hands busy
    

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12. Accessibility services
    Talkback
    Screen reader
    Brailleback
    Braille display
    Switch Access
    Control by switch
    Voice Access
    Interact by voice
    

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13. Brailleback
    

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14. Switch Access
    

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15. Voice access
    Voice Assistant
    High-level voice commands
    Accessibility
    Low-level commands
    Device control
    Scrolling, clicking, text editing
    

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16. Improve user experience
    for accessibility
    

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17. Color blindness
    Normal vision Deuteranopia Protanopia Tritanopia
    

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18. Contrast
    

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19. Color correction
    Accessibility options
    Color simulation
    Developer options
    

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20. Color contrast
    WCAG : background - foreground : 4.5 contrast ratio
    

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21. Android Accessibility features
    Large Text
    Magnification Gestures
    High Contrast Text
    Color inversion
    Color correction
    Caption support
    App developer
    Text size = sp
    Layouts = responsive
    

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23. Content description
    android:id="@+id/day"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:text="@string/mon"

    android:contentDescription="@string/monday" />
    

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24. Content description
    android:id="@+id/day"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:text="@string/mon"

    android:contentDescription="@string/monday" />
    

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25. Meaningful image
    android:id="@+id/action_mode_close_button"

    android:contentDescription="Done"

    android:focusable="true"

    android:clickable="true"

    app:srcCompat="?attr/actionModeCloseDrawable"

    style="?attr/actionModeCloseButtonStyle"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    

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26. Meaningful image
    android:id="@+id/action_mode_close_button"

    android:contentDescription="Done"

    android:focusable="true"

    android:clickable="true"

    app:srcCompat="?attr/actionModeCloseDrawable"

    style="?attr/actionModeCloseButtonStyle"

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
    

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27. Decorative image
    android:contentDescription=“@null"

    app:srcCompat=“@drawable/decoration“

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    

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28. Decorative image
    android:contentDescription=“@null"

    app:srcCompat=“@drawable/decoration“

    android:layout_width="wrap_content"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    

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29. Content description
    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:contentDescription="@string/acc">
    

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30. Content description
    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:contentDescription="@string/acc">
    

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31. States
    public void setIconAccessibilityText(boolean isFavorite, String
    teamName) {

    favoriteTeamMenuItem.setTitle(

    isFavorite ?

    ”defavoritise {teamName}” :

    ”mark {teamName} as favorite”;

    }
    

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32. AccessibilityLiveRegion
    android:id="@+id/evaluation_result"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:accessibilityLiveRegion="polite"/>
    

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33. AccessibilityLiveRegion
    android:id="@+id/evaluation_result"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:accessibilityLiveRegion="polite"/>
    

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34. AnnounceForAccessibility
    private void makeViewVisible() {

    view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

    view.announceForAccessibility(getString(R.string.acc));

    }
    

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35. AnnounceForAccessibility
    private void makeViewVisible() {

    view.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);

    view.announceForAccessibility(getString(R.string.acc));

    }
    

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36. AnnounceForAccessibility
    private void setFavoriteListener(final Team team, final boolean isFavorite)
    {

    view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

    

    @Override

    public void onClick(View v) {

    teamListener.onTeamClicked(team);

    String announcement = isFavorite

    ? "Removed " + team.displayTitle() + " from favourites"

    : "Added " + team.displayTitle() + " to favourites";

    view.announceForAccessibility(announcement);

    }

    

    });

    }
    

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37. AnnounceForAccessibility
    private void setFavoriteListener(final Team team, final boolean isFavorite)
    {

    view.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

    

    @Override

    public void onClick(View v) {

    teamListener.onTeamClicked(team);

    String announcement = isFavorite

    ? "Removed " + team.displayTitle() + " from favourites"

    : "Added " + team.displayTitle() + " to favourites";

    view.announceForAccessibility(announcement);

    }

    

    });

    }
    

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38. Control focus order
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    

    android:id="@+id/edit"

    android:nextFocusForward="@+id/text" />

    

    android:id="@+id/text"

    android:focusable="true"

    android:text="Hello, I am a focusable TextView" />

    
    

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39. Control focus order
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    

    android:id="@+id/edit"

    android:nextFocusForward="@+id/text" />

    

    android:id="@+id/text"

    android:focusable="true"

    android:text="Hello, I am a focusable TextView" />

    
    

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40. Filter / change
    if necessary
    

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41. Ads
    ☹
    No Ads
    Accessibility services detected
    

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42. Talkback detection
    public boolean isAccessibilityEnabled() {
    

    final AccessibilityManager am = (AccessibilityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE);
    

    boolean isAccessibilityEnabled = am.isEnabled();

    boolean isExploreByTouchEnabled = am.isTouchExplorationEnabled();
    

    return isAccessibilityEnabled && isExploreByTouchEnabled;

    }
    

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43. Talkback detection
    public boolean isAccessibilityEnabled() {

    final AccessibilityManager am = (AccessibilityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE);
    

    boolean isAccessibilityEnabled = am.isEnabled();

    boolean isExploreByTouchEnabled = am.isTouchExplorationEnabled();
    

    boolean isSpokenFeedbackEnabled = isSpokenFeedbackEnabled(am);

    return isAccessibilityEnabled && isExploreByTouchEnabled && isSpokenFeedbackEnabled;

    }
    

    

    /**

    * Check whether 'spoken feedback' services are enabled.

    */

    private boolean isSpokenFeedbackEnabled(final AccessibilityManager am) {

    List enabledSpokenFeedbackServices =
    am.getEnabledAccessibilityServiceList(AccessibilityServiceInfo.FEEDBACK_SPOKEN);
    

    return !enabledSpokenFeedbackServices.isEmpty();

    }
    

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44. Content description
    good / meaningful texts
    

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45. Meaningful description
    private void setAccessibilityText(final TeamInfo teamInfo) {

    String accessibilityText;

    if (teamInfo.coaches().isEmpty()) {

    accessibilityText = getString(R.string.no_trainer_acc, teamInfo.teamName());

    } else {

    List trainerNames = getTrainerNames(teamInfo.coaches());

    

    Joiner joiner = Joiner.on(andStr).skipNulls();

    String concatTrainers = joiner.join(trainerNames);

    accessibilityText = getQuantityString(R.plurals.trainer_acc, teamInfo.coaches().size(), teamInfo.teamName(),
    concatTrainers);

    }

    

    getItemView().setContentDescription(accessibilityText);

    }
    

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46. Help from your backend
    

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49. Custom views
    

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50. Custom actions
    

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55. Custom actions
    

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56. MatchView
    public interface MatchListener {

    

    void onMatchClicked(Match match);

    

    void onMatchComment(Match match);

    

    void onMatchShare(Match match);

    

    void onMatchLiked(Match match);

    }
    

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58. Don’t descend into view
    android:importantForAccessibility="noHideDescendants"
    

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60. Accessibility delegate
    public static class MatchAccessibilityDelegate extends AccessibilityDelegateCompat {

    

    private final Match match;

    private final MatchListener listener;

    

    public MatchAccessibilityDelegate(final Match match, final MatchListener listener) {

    this.match = match;

    this.listener = listener;

    }

    

    @Override

    public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat info) {

    super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);

    info.addAction(new AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat.AccessibilityActionCompat(R.id.comment, "Comment"));

    info.addAction(new AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat.AccessibilityActionCompat(R.id.share, "Share"));

    …

    }

    

    @Override

    public boolean performAccessibilityAction(View host, int action, Bundle args) {

    switch (action) {

    case R.id.comment:

    listener.onMatchComment(match);

    return true;

    case R.id.share:

    listener.onMatchShare(match);

    return true;

    …

    return true;

    

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61. Accessibility delegate
    public static class MatchAccessibilityDelegate extends AccessibilityDelegateCompat {

    

    private final Match match;

    private final MatchListener listener;

    

    public MatchAccessibilityDelegate(final Match match, final MatchListener listener) {

    this.match = match;

    this.listener = listener;

    }

    

    @Override

    public void onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(View host, AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat info) {

    super.onInitializeAccessibilityNodeInfo(host, info);

    info.addAction(new AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat.AccessibilityActionCompat(R.id.comment, "Comment"));

    info.addAction(new AccessibilityNodeInfoCompat.AccessibilityActionCompat(R.id.share, "Share"));

    …

    }

    

    @Override

    public boolean performAccessibilityAction(View host, int action, Bundle args) {

    switch (action) {

    case R.id.comment:

    listener.onMatchComment(match);

    return true;

    case R.id.share:

    listener.onMatchShare(match);

    return true;

    …

    

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62. Accessibility delegate
    public void showMatch(final Match match, final MatchListener listener) {

    …

    

    ViewCompat.setAccessibilityDelegate(this, new MatchAccessibilityDelegate(match, listener));

    

    …
    

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64. Testing
    

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65. Manual testing
    

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66. View Slide

67. Talkback basics
    Touch to explore
    Advance through elements (swipe left - right)
    Double tap selection
    Gestures for Back, Home, Context menus, …
    

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68. Accessibility
    scanner
    

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73. Code scanning
    (Lint)
    

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76. Lint rules
    
    
    
    
    lintOptions {
    abortOnError true
    }
    

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77. Instrumentation
    tests
    

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78. Espresso - Accessibility
    @Test

    public void testPlayStopButtonContentDescription() {

    final ViewInteraction playButtonInteraction = onView(withId(R.id.play_button));

    playButtonInteraction.check(matches(withContentDescription("Play")));

    

    playButtonInteraction.perform(click());

    playButtonInteraction.check(matches(withContentDescription("Stop")));

    }
    

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79. Espresso - Accessibility
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2'
    @Before

    public void setUp() {

    AccessibilityChecks.enable();

    }
    

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81. Accessibility checks
    com..…AccessibilityViewCheckException: There were 2 accessibility errors:
    AppCompatImageButton{id=2131427416, res-name=imageButton1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=144, height=132, has-
    focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=false, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-
    focused=true, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-
    requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=48.0, y=48.0}: View falls below the minimum recommended
    size for touch targets. Minimum touch target size is 48x48dp. Actual size is 48.0x44.0dp (screen
    density is 3.0).,
    AppCompatImageButton{id=2131427416, res-name=imageButton1, visibility=VISIBLE, width=144, height=132, has-
    focus=true, has-focusable=true, has-window-focus=false, is-clickable=true, is-enabled=true, is-
    focused=true, is-focusable=true, is-layout-requested=false, is-selected=false, root-is-layout-
    requested=false, has-input-connection=false, x=48.0, y=48.0}: View is missing speakable text needed
    for a screen reader
    at …
    at android.support.test.espresso.contrib.AccessibilityChecks$2.check(AccessibilityChecks.java:58)
    at android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions$1.perform(ViewActions.java:131)
    …
    at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:616)
    

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82. Android Accessibility Documentation
    https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/accessibility
    

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83. Sample
    github.com/filipmaelbrancke/AndroidAccessibility
    Accessibility sample
    Sample used in this presentation:
    Custom Actions
    Espresso Test
    

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84. Resources
    Accessibility Testing Checklist
    https://developer.android.com/training/accessibility/testing.html
    Google’s Accessibility Test Framework
    github.com/google/Accessibility-Test-Framework-for-Android
    Espresso Accessibility Checking
    google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/docs/accesibility-checking/
    Talkback Gestures
    support.google.com/accessibility/android/answer/6151827?hl=en
    

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85. + accessibility
    + accessibility
    

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86. View Slide

87. Questions?
    Filip Maelbrancke
    Consultant @ AppFoundry
    filip.maelbrancke@appfoundry.be
    @fmaelbrancke
    

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