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BackboneConf 2014

BackboneConf 2014

Keynote at BackboneConf talking about ampersand.js, amp, and intelligent DOM diffing with virtual DOM.

Henrik Joreteg

December 16, 2014
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  1. BackboneConf 2014
    @HenrikJoreteg

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  3. SINGLE PAGE APPS

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  4. SINGLE PAGE APPS

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  5. NATIVE WEB APPS

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  6. THE BROWSER ISN’T
    YOUR RENDERER

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  7. THE BROWSER IS
    YOUR RUNTIME

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  8. THE WEBVIEW IS
    YOUR RUNTIME

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  9. MORE LOGIC MOVING
    TO FRONT-END JS

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  10. DEVS WITH DIFFERENT
    BACKGROUNDS
    COMING TO JS

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  11. BRINGING THEIR PATTERNS
    AND PREFERENCES

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  12. ANGULAR
    EMBER
    AMPERSAND REACT
    POLYMER
    FLIGHT
    VUE CJS + OM

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  13. BACKBONE IS VERY
    BROADLY DEPLOYED

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  15. WHY HAS BACKBONE
    BEEN SO POPULAR?

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  16. "Backbone is an attempt to discover the minimal
    set of […] primitives that are generally useful
    when building web applications with JavaScript."

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  17. "In an ecosystem where overarching, decides-
    everything-for-you frameworks are commonplace
    […] — Backbone should continue to be a tool that
    gives you the freedom to design the full
    experience of your web application."

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  18. MINIMALISM
    +
    FLEXIBILITY

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  19. THE OTHER SIDE
    OF MINIMALISM

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  20. THERE’S A LOT THAT IT
    DOESN’T DO

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  21. AND THERE ARE OTHER
    REPEATING PATTERNS

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  22. HOW DO WE FILL THOSE GAPS?

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  23. 1. ADD-ONS

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  24. PAYPAL
    WALMART
    AIRBNB

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  25. BUILT OWN
    FRAMEWORK
    ON TOP OF
    BACKBONE

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  26. 2. DIFFERENT + LARGER CORE

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  27. EMBER
    ANGULAR
    POLYMER
    REACT+FLUX

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  28. "overarching, decides-everything-for-you frameworks"

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  29. HIGHER ABSTRACTIONS

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  30. "I’m more interested in optimizing
    a person’s understanding of problems
    than their understanding of solutions."
    - Kris Gale (former VPE Yammer)

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  31. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bp3Jy177NvU
    MARCO ROGERS @polotek
    FINDING PATTERNS ACROSS FRONT-END FRAMEWORKS:

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  32. andyet.com

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  33. ~30 DEVELOPERS
    GOBS OF JS APPS
    REALTIME APPS

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  34. I WANT OUR
    TEAM TO BE
    AWESOME JS
    DEVELOPERS

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  35. 3. NO CORE

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  36. I STARTED USING
    BACKBONE AT 0.3

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  37. FOR YEARS WE HAD
    BEEN BUILDING OUT
    A SET OF ADD-ONS

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  38. I CAME FROM A
    DJANGO BACKGROUND

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  39. WE BUILT OUR OWN
    MODELS TO USE WITH
    BACKBONE

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  40. node.js

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  41. npm + CommonJS Modules

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  42. read.humanjavascript.com

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  43. AS CRAZY AS IT MAY SOUND…

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  44. I THINK EVEN
    BACKBONE IS TOO
    MONOLITHIC

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  45. NOT IN FILESIZE
    BUT IN COUPLING

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  46. LET ME EXPLAIN…

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  47. MODELS ARE
    USEFUL FOR
    LOTS OF THINGS!

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  48. CONNECTION STATE FOR SDK WITH A
    REALTIME CONNECTION

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  49. MODELING TOUCH EVENTS
    IN A TOUCH LIBRARY

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  50. 1. VIEW/ROUTER/COLLECTION
    2. JQUERY
    3. UNDERSCORE
    MY LIBRARY NOW REQUIRES:

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  51. A SPECIFIC VERSION
    OF EACH OF THOSE

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  52. AMPERSAND.JS

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  53. THE NAME
    "ampersand.js"
    IS A FILTHY LIE

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  54. BECAUSE NO SUCH FILE EXISTS!

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  55. WE JUST NAMED IT
    SOMETHING SO
    IT’S EASIER TO
    TALK ABOUT

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  56. THERE’S NOTHING
    YOU CAN DROP
    INTO A SCRIPT TAG
    WITHOUT A BUILD STEP

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  57. SEPARATE COMMON.JS MODULES

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  58. INDIVIDUALLY
    INSTALLED VIA NPM

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  59. BUILD WITH
    BROWSERIFY
    OR WEBPACK

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  60. ampersand-state
    ampersand-model
    ampersand-collection
    ampersand-rest-collection
    ampersand-view
    ampersand-router

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  61. ampersand (the CLI)
    ampersand-app
    ampersand-view-switcher
    ampersand-input-view
    ampersand-select-view
    ampersand-form-view
    etc.

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  62. INDIVIDUAL GITHUB REPOS

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  63. STRICT SEMVER

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  64. todomvc.com

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  65. FLEXIBILITY
    MODULARITY
    SO WHAT?!

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  66. ONLY SEND
    CODE YOU USE

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  67. AMPERSAND TODOMVC:
    ~28kb min+gzip

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  68. MODULARITY
    LETS YOU REMODEL
    THE KITCHEN WITHOUT
    BURNING DOWN THE
    WHOLE BUILDING

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  69. Angular 2.0

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  70. AMPERSAND + REACT

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  71. BUT MODULARITY ISN’T
    THE ONLY FEATURE

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  72. ONE EXAMPLE OF
    WHY WE FORKED

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  73. SMARTER/STRICTER MODELS

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  74. var model = new Backbone.Model({
    name: 'henrik'
    });
    model.on('change:name', function () {
    console.log('new changed');
    });
    model.set({name: 'bob'});
    Backbone Models

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  75. IF MODELS ARE OUR
    SOURCE OF TRUTH…
    WE WANT THEM TO
    BE MORE READABLE

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  76. YOU HAVE TO DEFINE
    WHAT YOU STORE

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  77. var Person = AmpersandState.extend({
    props: {
    name:'string'
    }
    });
    var model = new Model({name: 'henrik'});
    model.on('change:name', someFunc);
    model.name = 'bob'; // still fires event
    model.name = 47; // throws TypeError

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  78. SESSION STATE:
    RELATED, NOT PERSISTED

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  79. var Person = AmpState.extend({
    props: {
    name:'string'
    },
    session: {
    active:'boolean'
    }
    });
    var model = new Person({
    name: 'henrik',
    active: true
    });
    model.active; //=> true
    model.toJSON(); //=> {name: 'henrik'}

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  80. GETTER/SETTER
    TRANFORMATIONS

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  81. var Person = AmpState.extend({
    props: {
    today: 'date'
    }
    });
    // unix timestamp coming in
    var henrik = new Person({today: '1418338921707'});
    // getter returns Date Object
    henrik.today; //=> JS `Date` instance
    // timestamp when serializing
    JSON.stringify(henrik); //=> {today: 1418338921707}

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  82. CACHED, OBSERVABLE
    DERIVED PROPERTIES

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  83. var Person = AmpState.extend({
    props: {
    name: 'string'
    },
    derived: {
    nickName: {
    deps: ['name'],
    fn: function () {
    return this.name.slice(0, 3);
    }
    }
    }
    });

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  84. var someone = new Person({name: 'henrik'});
    someone.on('change:nickName', logChange);
    // computed only once and cached
    someone.nickName; //=> 'hen'
    // not triggered if result is same
    someone.name = 'henry';
    // only if different
    someone.name = 'crazy';
    // logs changed nick: 'cra'

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  85. 1. derive from child models
    2. derive from other derived
    3. useful for relationships between models
    4. cannot set directly
    5. resulting model code is more readable
    CACHED, EVENTED, DERIVED PROPERTIES

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  86. READ MORE IN DOCS
    http://ampersandjs.com

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  87. WEB + IRC CHATROOM:
    https://gitter.im/AmpersandJS/AmpersandJS
    https://irc.gitter.im/

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  88. MODULES ALL THE WAY DOWN™

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  89. WHAT ABOUT UNDERSCORE?

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  91. HOW MANY OF THOSE USE
    ONE OR TWO METHODS?

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  92. INCONSEQUENTIAL
    WHEN SERVER-SIDE

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  93. …OR WHEN BUILDING
    A CLIENTSIDE APP WITH IT

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  94. BUT FEELS UNNECESSARY
    WHEN WRITING CLIENTSIDE
    LIBRARIES

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  95. IF I’M WANTING
    A SINGLE FUNCTION
    THEN WHAT?

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  97. CROSS-BROWSER?
    NO UPSTREAM BUG FIXES

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  98. WHAT ABOUT JQUERY?

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  99. IDEALLY I WANT STUFF LIKE THIS TOO:
    addClass(element, 'someclass');

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  100. INDIVIDUALLY INSTALLABLE
    CROSS-BROWSER TESTED
    API NEVER UPDATED
    STRICT SEMVER

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  101. addClass(el, 'class1')
    addClass(el, 'class1', 'class2')
    addClass(el, [array of classes])
    SUPPORTED APIS:

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  102. 1.X.X API FOREVER

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  103. LODASH?

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  104. VERSIONED TOGETHER

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  105. PREPARE THE TOMATOES AGAIN…

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  107. MAINTAINING PILES OF TINY
    MODULES IS A GIANT PAIN

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  108. "Another flaw in the human character
    is that everybody wants to build and
    nobody wants to do maintenance."
    - Kurt Vonnegut

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  109. 1. SINGLE GITHUB REPO
    2. CONTAINING 40+ MODULES
    3. WRITE DOC
    4. WRITE IMPLEMENTATION
    5. WRITE TEST
    6. RUN BUILD

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  110. CROSS-BROWSER TESTED WITH CI SYSTEM
    IE6+ using Travis CI + SauceLabs

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  111. SHARED DOCUMENTATION SITE
    SIMPLE NAMES YOU CAN MEMORIZE
    TESTED/MANGED TOGETHER

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  112. npm i --save amp-x

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  113. http://amp.ampersandjs.com
    ~40 AVAILABLE NOW
    WILL KEEP GROWING

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  114. THE VIEW LAYER IS THE HARDEST

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  115. Philip Roberts
    JS Slinger Extraordinaire
    @philip_roberts

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  116. SHARE SOME
    R+D

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  117. TEMPLATING ON THE SERVER
    IS EASY TO GROK

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  118. BUT NOW WE’RE
    MUTATING STATE

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  119. DOM IS STATEFUL
    WE HAVE TO SYNC
    OUR STATE WITH
    ACTUAL DOM STATE

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  121. JEREMY CALLED IT…

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  122. "In a finished Backbone app, you don't have to
    write the glue code that looks into the DOM to
    find an element with a specific id, and update
    the HTML manually — when the model changes,
    the views simply update themselves."
    - Backbone Docs

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  123. CURRENT DOM:
    hi!
    TARGET DOM:

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  124. THE SIMPLE WAY:
    // assume we have 'el' element
    // with this HTML:
    // ""
    // we can just replace its contents
    // with a new string:
    el.innerHTML = "hi!"

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  125. IF INFREQUENT AND
    SIMPLE IT WORKS FINE

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  126. NOT IDEAL FOR LARGER
    SECTIONS OF DOM OR IF USER
    INPUTS NEEDS TO MAINTAIN FOCUS

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  127. WHAT IF WE COULD DO THIS?
    mutateElement(el, "hi!");

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  128. .mutateElement()
    WOULD DO THIS:
    var pTag = document.createElement('p');
    pTag.textContent = "hi!"
    el.appendChild(pTag);

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  129. THEN WE ONLY UPDATE
    WHAT’S ACTUALLY DIFFERENT

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  130. NO THRASHING DOM
    WITHOUT REASON

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  131. IF DOM ALREADY MATCHES
    IT DOES NOTHING

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  132. DOM DIFFING™

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  133. DOM DIFFING™

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  134. IF WE COULD DO THIS WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE
    BINDINGS BECOME SIMPLER

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  135. REACT
    http://facebook.github.io/react/

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  136. REACT + BACKBONE IN SUMMARY:
    var MyView = React.createClass({
    getInitialState: function () {
    this.props.model = new Model();
    this.props.model.on('change', this.forceUpdate, this);
    },
    render: function () {

    return (

    {this.model.name}

    )
    }
    });

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  137. DOWNSIDES:
    THEIR TEMPLATING
    THEIR VIRTUAL DOM
    THEIR APP PATTERNS

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  138. CAN WE JUST STEAL
    THEIR BEST IDEAS?

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  139. WHAT IF WE COULD DO IT
    WITH HTML STRINGS?

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  140. THEN WE COULD GENERATE HTML
    USING ANY TEMPLATE LIBRARY!

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  141. 1. PARSE HTML INTO SOME SORT 

    OF "AST" OR VIRTUAL DOM

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  142. 2. DIFF THAT "AST" AGAINST
    THE LAST ONE

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  143. 3. GENERATE A SET OF DOM
    TRANSFORMS FROM
    THAT DIFF

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  144. 4. APPLY THEM TO THE DOM

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  145. THESE ARE ALL "SOLVED PROBLEMS"

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  146. BIG QUESTION IS
    PERFORMANCE

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  147. EVERYONE KNOWS
    YOU SHOULDN’T WRITE
    AN HTML PARSER

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  148. …ESPECIALLY WITH REGEX

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  150. YES… BUT…

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  151. BUT WE’RE NOT PARSING
    ARBITRARY HTML, WE’RE
    PARSING HTML WE CONTROL

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  152. A FEW SIMPLIFYING ASSUMPTIONS
    AND WE CAN DO IT, QUITE WELL

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  153. {{ DEMO }}

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  154. VIRTUAL DOM
    https://github.com/Matt-Esch/virtual-dom

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  155. 1. SIMPLER VIEWS
    2. LESS BINDINGS
    3. EASIER TO GROK
    WHAT’S THE ACUTAL VALUE?

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  156. INITIAL FINDINGS:
    1. ~SAME PERFORMANCE AS REPLACE
    2. FILESIZE: 7.25kb min + gzip
    3. NESTED VIEW COMPONENTS WORK
    4. CHOICE OF TEMPLATING LANGUAGE

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  157. A VIEW MIXIN WORKS WITH
    BACKBONE + AMPERSAND

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  158. github.com/AmpersandJS/ampersand-virtual-dom-mixin
    Mixin:
    github.com/HenrikJoreteg/html-parse-stringify
    HTML parse:

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  159. CURRENT FLOW:
    1. any template language
    2. HTML string
    3. parse into AST
    4. generate vdom
    5. get diffs
    6. apply DOM transforms

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  160. CURRENT FLOW:
    1. any template language
    2. HTML string
    3. parse into AST
    4. generate vdom
    5. get diffs
    6. apply DOM transforms

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  161. CURRENT FLOW:
    1. any template language
    2. HTML string
    3. parse into AST
    4. generate vdom
    5. get diffs
    6. apply DOM transforms

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  162. POTENTIAL OTHER THINGS?
    Simpler serverside rendering
    Do parsing in a web-worker?

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  163. LET’S WORK TOWARD A MORE
    FLEXIBLE AND DECOUPLED FUTURE

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  164. amp.ampersandjs.com
    AMP
    ampersandjs.com
    AMPERSAND
    github.com/AmpersandJS/ampersand-virtual-dom-mixin
    BB/Ampersand View Mixin

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  165. THANKS!
    @HenrikJoreteg, andyet.com

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