Faster, Greener and Happier − Why Quarkus Should Be Your Next Tech Stack

View Slide

Holly Cummins

Senior Principal Software Engineer, Quarkus

GOTO Amsterdam

June 27, 2023

@[email protected]
faster

greener

happier

why quarkus should be your next
tech stack

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
let’s remember how
computers used to be

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
let’s remember how
computers used to be
1832

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
on-prem

dedicated hardware

long-lived processes
2005

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
2015
“please do not make unfavourable
tea analogies in your writing.”

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
2022

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
2011

microservices

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
2013

containers
(almost) change
everything

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
java apps run on the
cloud, but have they
really adapted to cloud?

View Slide

@holly_cummins #RedHat
Container platform
um … no
machine
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go

View Slide

Container platform
um … no
machine
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
machine
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go

View Slide

Container platform
um … no
machine
HotSpot Heap
HotSpot Heap
HotSpot Heap
HotSpot Heap
machine
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
machine
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go
Go Go

View Slide


View Slide

“I can’t bring up the microservices
in my Java dev stack

View Slide

“I can’t bring up the microservices
in my Java dev stack
… on my brand new Apple laptop
with a M1 chip and 64GB of RAM.”
- fintech developer

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
in the cloud, apps get
started and stopped often

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
java servers are not very
much like light switches

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
java servers are not very
much like light switches
(historically)

View Slide

uh, can we do better than that?

View Slide

View Slide

enter … quarkus

View Slide

spoiler: we did better :)
CONTAINER ORCHESTRATION
Machine
Machine
Traditional Cloud-Native
Java Stack
Java Stack
Java Stack
Java Stack
Machine
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
NodeJS
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Go Go Go
Machine
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
https:/
/developers.redhat.com/blog/2017/03/14/java-inside-docker/

View Slide

Container orchestration
Node
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Quarkus
Node
Traditional Cloud-Native Java Stack
… a lot better quarkus native

View Slide

an open source

stack to write java apps
quarkus

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
so, did we adapt to
the cloud?

View Slide

do quarkus applications start faster?
Quarkus + GraalVM 0.014 Seconds
REST
Quarkus + OpenJDK 0.75 Seconds
Traditional Cloud-Native Stack 4.3 Seconds
https://quarkus.io/blog/runtime-performance/

View Slide

@holly_cummins
to the code!
demo!

View Slide

mvn quarkus:build -Pnative -DskipTests
target/code-with-quarkus-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT-runner

View Slide

do quarkus applications start faster than lightbulbs?

View Slide

do quarkus applications start faster than lightbulbs?
ridiculously, yes

View Slide

ok but does startup time matter?

View Slide

ok but does startup time matter?
fast boot time means auto-scaling works better

more resilience to load spikes

View Slide

Quarkus + GraalVM

13 MB
Quarkus + OpenJDK

74 MB
Traditional Cloud-Native Stack

140 MB
rest application
https://quarkus.io/blog/runtime-performance/
does quarkus improve memory utilization?

View Slide

#Quarkus @holly_cummins

View Slide

hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?

View Slide

hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
uhh … are you supposed
to shut down applications
after using them?

View Slide

hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
hey, wanna see
quarkus?
uhh … are you supposed
to shut down applications
after using them? 120 instances (!)

View Slide

in the cloud,

memory footprint matters

View Slide

do quarkus applications have higher throughput?
https://www.redhat.com/en/resources/mi-quarkus-lab-validation-idc-analyst-paper

View Slide

48 concurrent connections

View Slide

quarkus native 3212 req/s

View Slide

traditional cloud native stack 3555 req/s

View Slide

quarkus on jvm 6389 req/s

View Slide

https://medium.com/arconsis/spring-boot-vs-quarkus-part-2-jvm-runtime-performance-af45d0db116e

View Slide

https://medium.com/arconsis/spring-boot-vs-quarkus-part-2-jvm-runtime-performance-af45d0db116e
spring boot quarkus
response
time
1901 ms 294 ms
throughput 523 req/s 3374 req/s

View Slide

users care (a lot)
about response time

View Slide

better startup

better footprint

better throughput

wait, isn’t that

something for nothing?

View Slide

the two ways of improving performance
•trade off one thing against another

•eliminate waste

View Slide


View Slide

a trade-off of throughput
against footprint

View Slide

no trade-off, just better :)
a trade-off of throughput
against footprint

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
where the win
comes from
1832

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
2010
multiple applications share a single
application server instance

application re-deployed many times
between server restarts

application dependencies changed
while it is running

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
application frameworks
optimised for dynamism

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
application frameworks
optimised for dynamism
dynamism has a cost

View Slide

cloud apps
are immutable
now

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
a highly dynamic
runtime in a container

is pointless

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
a highly dynamic

is pointless
loading classes that aren’t needed

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
a highly dynamic

is pointless
expensive, slow, reflection

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat
a highly dynamic

is pointless
expensive, slow, reflection
the same initialisation on every startup

View Slide

how does a framework start?
@
 
@
>
packaging
 
(maven, gradle…)
build time
runtime

View Slide

@
 
@
>
load and parse config files,
properties, yaml, xml, etc.
Build Time
Runtime

View Slide

@
 
@
>
• classpath scanning and
annotation discovery

• attempt to load class to
enable/disable features
Build Time
Runtime

View Slide

@
 
@
>
build a metamodel
of the world
Build Time
Runtime
How does a framework start?

View Slide

@
 
@
>
start thread pools,
I/O, etc.
Build Time
Runtime

View Slide

what if we initialize at build time?

View Slide

@
 
@
>
build time

View Slide

@
 
@
>
runtime
build time

View Slide

quarkus makes a

“closed-world” assumption

View Slide

the quarkus way enables native compilation
native
(graalvm)
@
 
@
>
jvm
build time

View Slide

ok but is performance all there is?

View Slide

ok but is performance all there is?
developer joy

View Slide


View Slide

doing more up-front enables better devex
@
 
@
>
build time
runtime

View Slide

@
 
@
>
@
 
@
>
build time
runtime
build time

View Slide

@
 
@
>
@
 
@
>
build time
runtime
runtime
build time

View Slide

to the code!

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
zero-config live coding

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
tests are run on every code change

“reverse code coverage” means only relevant tests run
continuous testing

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
developer UI

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
zero-config testcontainers

View Slide

testcontainers integration … without quarkus
@TestConfiguration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class ContainersConfig {
@Bean
@ServiceConnection
public PostgreSQLContainer> postgres() {
return new PostgreSQLContainer<>(DockerImageName.parse("postgres:14"));
}
}
public class TestApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication
.from(MySpringDataApplication::main)
.with(ContainersConfig.class)
.run(args);
}
}
@Import(ContainersConfig.class)

View Slide

@TestConfiguration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class ContainersConfig {
@Bean
@ServiceConnection
public PostgreSQLContainer> postgres() {
return new PostgreSQLContainer<>(DockerImageName.parse("postgres:14"));
}
}
public class TestApplication {
SpringApplication
.from(MySpringDataApplication::main)
.with(ContainersConfig.class)
.run(args);
}
}

View Slide


View Slide

zero-config testcontainers integration
the only thing you need to do to make
testcontainers work is not configure anything
# configure your datasource
quarkus.datasource.db-kind = postgresql
quarkus.datasource.username = sarah
quarkus.datasource.password = connor
quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydatabase
# drop and create the database at startup
quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.generation = drop-and-create

View Slide

# drop and create the database at startup
quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.generation = drop-and-create

View Slide


View Slide

quarkus also auto-invokes flyway and liquibase

View Slide

realistically, use profiles so things work in
production :)
# configure your datasource
%prod.quarkus.datasource.db-kind = postgresql
%prod.quarkus.datasource.username = sarah
%prod.quarkus.datasource.password = connor
%prod.quarkus.datasource.jdbc.url = jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/mydatabase
# on real databases, defaults to ‘none’, but let’s validate
%prod.quarkus.hibernate-orm.database.generation = validate

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
• databases

• redis

• keycloak

• kafka

• elasticsearch

• kubernetes

• … or add your own
auto-provision services

“dev services”

using testcontainers under the hood

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
more opinions, less boilerplate

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
package org.acme;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringDemo {
SpringApplication.run(SpringDemo.class, args);
}
}
example: declaring an application

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
example: declaring an application

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingRepository {
public Entity findByName(int name) {
return find("name", name).firstResult();
}
void persist(Entity entity) {}
void delete(Entity entity) {}
Entity findById(Id id) {}
List list(String query, Sort sort, Object... params) {
return null;
}
Stream stream(String query, Object... params) {
return null;
}
long count() {
return 0;
}
long count(String query, Object... params) {
return 0;
}
}
example: panache + hibernate

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingRepository implements PanacheRepository {
}
}

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
DAO
@ApplicationScoped
public class GreetingRepository implements PanacheRepository {
}
}
repository pattern

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams
active record pattern
@Entity
public class Greeting extends PanacheEntity {
public String name;
public LocalDate issued;
@Version
public int version;
public static List getTodaysGreetings() {
return list("date", LocalDate.now());
}
}

View Slide

@holly_cummins
#RedHat #GOTOams

io.quarkus
quarkus-spring-web

io.quarkus
quarkus-spring-data-jpa

ok but we use spring
option 1: compatibility libraries
option 2: migration tooling
• migration toolkit for applications (mta)

• windup

• open rewrite

View Slide

“After a week of development with
Quarkus, I was able to regain the
same level of productivity as when
I was developing with Spring Boot.”

– Fawaz Paraïso, Decathlon

View Slide

open source community of contributors

View Slide

Emiliia Nesterovych
 
Emmanuel Bernard
 
Emre Kaplan
 
Enrique González Martínez
 
Enrique Mingorance Cano
 
Eoin Gallinagh
 
Eric Deandrea
 
Eric Wittmann
 
Erik Åsén
 
Erik Mattheis
 
Erin Schnabel
 
Eugene Berman
 
Evan Shortiss
 
Fabricio Gregorio
 
faculbsz
 
Falko Modler
 
Fedor Dudinskiy
 
Felipe Carvalho dos Anjos Formentin
 
Felipe Henrique Gross Windmoller
 
Fernando Comunello
 
Fernando Henrique
 
fhavel
 
Fikru Mengesha
 
Filippe Spolti
 
Florian Beutel
 
Florian Bütler
 
Florian Heubeck
 
Florin Botis
 
Foivos Zakkak
 
Foobartender
 
Fouad Almalki
 
Francesco Nigro
 
Francisco Javier Tirado Sarti
 
Francois Steyn
 
Frank Eichfelder
 
franz1981
 
freakse-sa
 
Fred Bricon
 
Frédérc Blanc
 
Freeman Fang
 
Fu Cheng
 
Gabriele Cardosi
 
Galder Zamarreño
 
galiacheng
 
Gavin King
 
Gavin Ray
 
Geert Schuring
 
Geoffrey De Smet
 
Geoffrey GREBERT
 
Georg Leber
 
George Gastaldi
 
manofthepeace
 
Manyanda Chitimbo
 
Marat Gubaidullin
 
Marc Nuri
 
Marc Schlegel
 
Marc Wrobel
 
Marcel Hanser
 
Marcel Lohmann
 
Marcell Cruz
 
Marcelo Pereira
 
Marcin Czeczko
 
Marcin Kłopotek
 
Marco Bungart
 
Marco Schaub
 
Marco Yeung
 
Marco Zanghì
 
Marcus Paulo
 
Marek Goldmann
 
Marek Skacelik
 
Marián Macik
 
Mario Fusco
 
MarioHNogueira
 
Mark Lambert
 
Mark Little
 
Mark McLaughlin
 
Mark Sailes
 
marko-bekhta
 
Markus Heberling
 
Markus Himmel
 
Markus Schwer
 
Martin C. Richards
 
Martin Grammelspacher
 
Martin Kouba
 
Martin Muzikar
 
Martin Panzer
 
Martin Weiler
 
martin-kofoed-jyskebank-dk
 
MartinWitt
 
Marvin B. Lillehaug
 
masini
 
Matej Novotny
 
Matej Vasek
 
Matheus Cruz
 
Mathias Holzer
 
Matteo Mortari
 
Matthias Andreas Benkard
 
Matthias Cullmann
 
mauroal
 
Max Andersen
 
Max Gabrielsson
 
Max Rydahl Andersen
 
Victor Hugo de Oliveira Molinar
 
Vincent Sevel
 
Vincent van Dam
 
Vinícius Ferraz Campos Florentino
 
Viswa Teja Nariboina
 
Vladimir Konkov
 
Vojtech Juranek
 
Vratislav Hais
 
w.glanzer
 
Walter Medvedeo
 
Wayne Ellis
 
Werner Glanzer
 
Willem Jan Glerum
 
William Antônio Siqueira
 
Wim Goeman
 
Wippermueller, Frank
 
wojciech.stryjewski
 
Xavier
 
Xieshen
 
xstefank
 
Y. Luis
 
Yann-Thomas LE MOIGNE
 
Yannick Reifschneider
 
YassinHajaj
 
Yelzhas Suleimenov
 
yesunch9
 
Yoann Rodière
 
Yoshikazu Nojima
 
Youngmin Koo
 
Yubao Liu
 
yugoccp
 
Yukihiro Okada
 
Zaheed Beita
 
zanmagerl
 
zedbeit
 
Zheng Feng
 
Žiga Deisinger
 
Zineb Bendhiba
 
zohar
 
Zoran Regvart
 
Шумов Игорь Юрьевич
 
出⻔三不惹

open source community of contributors

View Slide

Faster, Greener and Happier − Why Quarkus Should Be Your Next Tech Stack

Faster, Greener and Happier − Why Quarkus Should Be Your Next Tech Stack

Holly Cummins

More Decks by Holly Cummins

Other Decks in Programming

Featured

Transcript