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人工知能は人間を超えるか 読書会
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SHIBATA Hiroshi
October 26, 2017
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人工知能は人間を超えるか 読書会
SHIBATA Hiroshi
October 26, 2017
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Transcript
"*͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱͱͰ͖ͳ͍͜ͱ ࣲాതࢤ(.01FQBCP *OD όοΫΦϑΟεϚωδϝϯτษڧձ݄ ਓೳਓؒΛ͑Δ͔ಡॻձ
ஶऀʹ͍ͭͯ wদඌ๛౦ژେֶಛ।ڭत IUUQZNBUTVPDPNKBQBOFTF wࠓճͷ͓ͱͳΔॻ੶ͷࣥච wݚڀࣨϝϯόʔʹΑΔIUUQXXXEFFQMFBSOJOHCPPLNFͷ༁ w/),&ςϨਓؒͬͯφϯͩʁʙ"*ೖʙग़ԋத wIUUQXXXUWVDPKQQSPHSBN@BJ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNZNBUTVPTUBUVT
͜ͷຊΛબΜͩཧ༝ wਓೳ "SUJpDJBM*OUFMMJHFODF "* ͱݺΕ͍ͯΔͷͷݚڀͷྺ࢙ ͱ࣮ࡍΛֶͿ w"*ʮԿ͕ग़དྷͯԿ͕ग़དྷͳ͍ͷ͔ʯΛֶͿ wຊॻ͕ࣥච͞Εͨͷ࣌ͷઐՈͷݟղΛֶΜ্ͩͰɺ ͷࠓͲ͏ͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔Λ၆ᛌ͢Δ w"*ΛϖύϘͷϏδωεʹ׆͔ͤΔ͔Ͳ͏͔Λݕ౼͢Δ
࣍ΛಡΉ w͕Δਓೳ wਓೳͱԿ͔ wʮਪʯͱʮ୳ࡧʯͷ ࣌ wʮࣝʯΛೖΕΔͱݡ ͘ͳΔ wʮػցֶशʯͷ੩͔ͳ ͕Γ
w੩ऐΛഁΔʮσΟʔϓ ϥʔχϯάʯ wਓೳਓؒΛ͑ Δ͔ wมΘΓΏ͘ੈք
ਓೳͱԿ͔ wݱࡏৗతʹΘΕ͍ͯΔͷʮԻೝࣝʯʮจࣈೝࣝʯʮࣗવݴ ޠॲཧʯʮήʔϜʯʮݕࡧΤϯδϯʯʜ wਓೳͷϨϕϧ wϨϕϧ୯७ͳ੍ޚϓϩάϥϜ wϨϕϧݹయతͳਓೳ wϨϕϧػցֶशΛऔΓೖΕͨਓೳ wϨϕϧσΟʔϓϥʔχϯά ਂֶशಛදݱֶश ΛऔΓೖΕͨਓೳ
ڧ͍"*ͱऑ͍"* wڧ͍"*ʮਖ਼͍͠ೖྗͱग़ྗΛඋ͑ɺదʹϓϩάϥϜ͞Εͨίϯ ϐϡʔλɺਓ͕ؒ৺Λ࣋ͭͷͱ·ͬͨ͘ಉ͡ҙຯͰɺ৺Λ࣋ͭʯ wऑ͍"*ʮ৺Λ࣋ͭඞཁͳ͘ɺݶఆ͞ΕͨೳʹΑͬͯҰݟతͳ ղܾ͕ߦ͑ΕΑ͍ʯ
ୈҰ࣍"*ϒʔϜ wʮਪɾ୳ࡧͷ࣌ʯ wΛ୳ࡧʹղ͠ɺ୳ࡧํ๏Λܾఆ͢Δ w୳ࡧͷߟ͑ํΛར༻ͯ͠ɺϩϘοτͷߦಈܭը࡞ΕΔʮલఏ݅ʯ ʮߦಈʯʮ݁ՌʯͷΈ߹Θͤ w୳ࡧ૬ख͕͍Δ߹ద༻Մೳ
ήʔϜͰਓؒʹউར wΦηϩɾνΣεɾকعɾғޟʜ wνΣεͰɺɺ*#.ͷσΟʔϓϒϧʔ͕νΣεͷԦऀΧεύϩ ϑʹউར wকعͰɺɺQPOBO[B͕ࠤ౻ஈʹউར ϓϩকعع࢜ʹউ ར wʮ৽͍͠ಛྔͷൃݟʯʮϞϯςΧϧϩ๏ʹΑΔධՁͷΈʯ
ୈೋ࣍"*ϒʔϜ w୳ࡧͱਪͰɺݱ࣮ͷղ͚ͳ͍ wୈҰ࣍"*ϒʔϜʹʮࣝʯΛՃ͑ͨΤΩεύʔτγεςϜͷੜ w2ʮौ୩Ͱޙʹਓ͕ೖΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔҿΈΛڭ͑ͯʯ w"ʮঙʯ
ΤΩεύʔτγεςϜͷ՝ wݱ࣮ͷΛղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷʮৗࣝతͳϨϕϧͷࣝʯ wʮࣝʯͷܗࣜతͳදݱΦϯτϩδʔ w*#.ϫτιϯͷੜɺΫΠζ൪ͰਓؒͷνϟϯϐΦϯʹউར wΔ՝ࣗવݴޠॲཧɺϑϨʔϜॲཧɺγϯϘϧάϥϯσΟϯά ॲཧ
ϫʔΫγϣοϓͦͷ wϋϊΠͷౝΛϓϨΠͯ͠ΫϦΞ͠·͠ΐ͏ ҎԼͷϧʔϧʹैͬͯͯ͢ͷԁ൫ΛӈͷߌʹҠಈͤ͞ΒΕΕɻ • 3ຊͷߌͱɺதԝʹ݀ͷ։͍ͨେ͖͞ͷҟͳΔෳͷԁ൫͔Βߏ͞ΕΔɻ • ࠷ॳͯ͢ͷԁ൫͕ࠨͷߌʹখ͍͞ͷ্͕ʹͳΔΑ͏ʹॱʹੵΈॏͶΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ •
ԁ൫ΛҰճʹҰຕͣͭͲΕ͔ͷߌʹҠಈͤ͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ͕ɺখ͞ͳԁ൫ͷ্ʹେ͖ͳԁ ൫ΛͤΔ͜ͱͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ(Wikipedia: ϋϊΠͷౝΑΓҾ༻) wIUUQXXXBGTHBNFTDPNIBOPJIUN -&7&- wશһͰॱ൪ʹಈ͔͠ͳ͕Βɺͳͥͦͷԁ൫Λಈ͔ͨ͠ͷ͔Λൃද͠· ͠ΐ͏
ୈࡾ࣍"*ϒʔϜ wػցֶश .BDIJOF-FBSOJOH ਓೳͷϓϩάϥϜֶ͕ࣗश͢Δ Έ wೖྗͱग़ྗ͕༩͑ΒΕΔʮڭࢣ͋ΓֶशʯͱೖྗͷΈ͕༩͑ΒΕΔʮڭ ࢣͳֶ͠शʯ wڭࢣͳֶ͠शશମͷͳͲΛ͔ͭΉ͜ͱΛతͱ͢ΔͨΊೖྗͷ ྨํ๏͕ॏཁͱͳΔ࠷ۙ๏ɺʜɺαϙʔτϕΫλʔϚγϯ 47.
ɺχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫ
ը૾ೝࣝͷൃୡ wχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫʹΑΔจࣈը૾ೝࣝ wχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫࣗମΛ࡞ΔʮֶशϑΣʔζʯͱ࡞ͬͨωοτ ϫʔΫΛ͏ʮ༧ଌϑΣʔζʯͷఔͰ࣮ߦ͢Δ wʮֶशʯʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ͕ʮ༧ଌʯҰॠ
ਓೳ͕࣮ݱ͠ͳ͔ͬͨΘ͚ wʮࣝྔʯͷෆɺλεΫʹΑͬͯѻ͏͖ࣝͷܾΊํ͕ఆ·Βͳ ͍ʮϑϨʔϜʯɺγϚͷ͋ΔഅͱγϚϚͷҧ͍ΛཧղͰ͖ͳ͍ ʮγϯϘϧάϥϯσΟϯάʯɺԿΛʮಛྔʯͱ͢Δ͔ͷઃܭ wʮ͍··Ͱਓೳ͕࣮ݱ͠ͳ͔ͬͨͷɺʮੈք͔ΒͲͷಛʹ ͯ͠ใΛऔΓग़͖͔͢ʯʹؔͯ͠ɺਓؒͷखΛआΓͳ͚Ε ͳΒͳ͔͔ͬͨΒ
ୈࡾ࣍"*ϒʔϜ ࠓ͜͜ wσΟʔϓϥʔχϯά ਂֶशಛදݱֶश%FFQ-FBSOJOH ͷొ wɺը૾ೝࣝίϯςετͰɺσΟʔϓϥʔχϯάΛ༻͍ͨϓϩ άϥϜ͕ѹతͳڧ͞Ͱ༏উ wೖྗͱग़ྗΛಉ͡σʔλͱͨ͠χϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫΛࣗݾූ߸Խ ثͱͯ͠OͰߏங͢Δ
ଟஈͷχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫͷߏங wࣗݾූ߸ԽثΛଟஈͰߏங͢Δ wࣗݾූ߸ԽثͷӅΕΛ࣍ͷஈͷೖྗͱ͢ΔΑ͏ʹଟஈʹ͢Δ
"MQIB(P wϙϦγʔωοτϫʔΫͲΜͳखΛଧ͔ͭɺ ӅΕ wόϦϡʔωοτϫʔΫͲͪΒ͕উ͔ͭɺ ӅΕ
✕✕ ✕ ʴ ✕ ✕ʴ✕ wωοτϫʔΫΛڧԽֶश (16Ͱिؒ ɺ($1ͷ$16αʔόʔ ɺ(16αʔόʔΛֶͬͯश wωοτϫʔΫΛϞϯςΧϧϩ୳ࡧͰ࣮ߦ IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFUZVLZPTIJEBBMQIBHP
"MQIB(P;FSP w"MQIB(PਓؒͷखΛֶशͯ͠ڧ͘ͳΔͷʹର͠ɺ;FSPࣗݾֶ शͷΈͰڧ͘ͳΔɻ wϙϦγʔωοτϫʔΫͱόϦϡʔωοτϫʔΫΛͭͷωοτϫʔΫ ͰߏɺϞϯςΧϧϩ୳ࡧͰͳ͘ɺ୯७ͳ୳ࡧ w"MQIB(PʹઓউʮશใήʔϜʯͰਓ͕ؒਓೳ ʹউͯΔݟࠐΈ΄΅ͳ͘ͳͬͨ
"MQIB(P;FSPͷ͞ w516 5FOTPS'MPX1SPDFTTJOH6OJU ɺ"MQIB(P ੑೳҟͳΔ w࣌ؒͰສہɺඵͰہɺғޟ ฏۉखہͳͷͰɺඵͰख͏ͭ wσΟʔϓϥʔχϯάཧͷߏஙͱͱʹɺ
ཧΛ࣮ߦͰ͖ΔίϯϐϡʔλࢿݯΛ࣋ͬͯ ͍Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͕伴 IUUQTUXJUUFSDPNZNH@BRTUBUVT
σΟʔϓϥʔχϯάͷͦͷઌ wը૾ಛͷநԽ͕Ͱ͖Δ"* wϚϧνϞʔμϧͳநԽ͕Ͱ͖Δ"* wߦಈͱ݁ՌͷநԽ͕Ͱ͖Δ"* wߦಈΛ௨ͨ͡ಛྔΛ֫ಘͰ͖Δ"* wݴޠཧղɾࣗಈ༁͕Ͱ͖Δ"* wࣝ֫ಘ͕Ͱ͖Δ"*
γϯΪϡϥϦςΟ wਓೳຊೳΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ɺͰੑΛ࣋ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔ wʮਓೳ͕ࣗͷೳྗΛ͑ΔਓೳΛࣗΒੜΈग़ͤΔΑ͏ʹͳ Δ࣌ʯγϯΪϡϥϦςΟ
ϫʔΫγϣοϓͦͷ wࠓޙͰ"*͕ਐԽͯ͠Δͱࢥ͏৬ۀΛͭॻ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞ wࠓޙͰ"*ʹஔ͖͑ΒΕͯফ͑Δͱࢥ͏৬ۀΛͭॻ͍ͯ͘ ͍ͩ͞
ࣾձɾ࢈ۀͷ"*ͷӨڹ wΔ৬ۀ wϨΫϦΤʔγϣϯྍ๏࢜ wௌ֮܇࿅࢜ wӫཆ࢜ wηʔϧεΤϯδχΞ wࣃՊҩ wྟচ৺ཧ࢜ wͳ͘ͳΔࣄ wిൢചһ
wอݥۀऀ wσʔλೖྗ࡞ۀһ wূ݊ձࣾͷҰൠࣄһ wड wۜߦͷ૭ޱ