The Hitchhikers Guide to the Internet

A talk about what the internet is and how it works. Presented at Open Tech School Berlin

Transcript

1. The Hitchhikers Guide to the Internet
2. What is the Internet? A network of networks Was used as a verb: »Hey Peter, lets internet our networks!« Distributed / Decentralized The only mass medium that _everybody_ can write to! A global, packet switching, digital communication network
3. Packet vs Circuit Switching Circuit: Exclusive connection used for one communication session Packet: Multiple communication sessions on a shared medium Data is split into packets which might move on different paths
4. Why is digital better?
5. Why is digital better? Analoge transmission has always data loss Radio, TV, Phone, Fax - they all lose Information Digital data transmission is lossless Either you have it completely or you don't
6. What is Digital (Binary)? Power on, Power off Where Power on = 1 and Power off = 0 Why not decimal?
8. What is Digital (Binary)? Power on, Power off Where Power on = 1 and Power off = 0 Why not decimal? Because its hard to detect 10 different levels of power when switched at a high pace Modern Computers check 3000000000 times per second (3GHz) for On or Off
9. How to communicate with 1 and 0? 1 and 0 are like letters in our alphabet We combine letters to words and attach a meaning to it We have dictionaries where you look up the meaning of letter combinations Just the same in Binary: specifications / protocols are the dictionaries
10. > man ascii ! 0 nul 1 soh 2 stx 3 etx 4 eot 5 enq 6 ack 7 bel 8 bs 9 ht 10 nl 11 vt 12 np 13 cr 14 so 15 si 16 dle 17 dc1 18 dc2 19 dc3 20 dc4 21 nak 22 syn 23 etb 24 can 25 em 26 sub 27 esc 28 fs 29 gs 30 rs 31 us 32 sp 33 ! 34 " 35 # 36 $ 37 % 38 & 39 ' 40 ( 41 ) 42 * 43 + 44 , 45 - 46 . 47 / 48 0 49 1 50 2 51 3 52 4 53 5 54 6 55 7 56 8 57 9 58 : 59 ; 60 < 61 = 62 > 63 ? 64 @ 65 A 66 B 67 C 68 D 69 E 70 F 71 G 72 H 73 I 74 J 75 K 76 L 77 M 78 N 79 O 80 P 81 Q 82 R 83 S 84 T 85 U 86 V 87 W 88 X 89 Y 90 Z 91 [ 92 \ 93 ] 94 ^ 95 _ 96 ` 97 a 98 b 99 c 100 d 101 e 102 f 103 g 104 h 105 i 106 j 107 k 108 l 109 m 110 n 111 o 112 p 113 q 114 r 115 s 116 t 117 u 118 v 119 w 120 x 121 y 122 z 123 { 124 | 125 } 126 ~ 127 del
11. Hello 72 101 108 108 111 01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111
12. Protocols - I knew you would ask! define the context of communication define the vocabulary define message / response format and their order
13. 4 Protocols you must know! Ethernet - establish a communication link IP - Internet Protocol - defines address format and rules DNS - Domain Name System - The phonebook of the Internet TCP - Transmission Control Protocol - Splits up data in packets and makes sure they arrive
14. Lets build an Internet
15. LAN - Local Area Network 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.3
16. 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.3
17. 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.4 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.1 88.20.42.223 88.20.42.27
18. Deutsche Telekom British Telecom 88.20.42.X 62.29.53.X
19. Deutsche Telekom British Telecom 88.20.42.X 62.29.53.X
21. > traceroute apple.com 1 92.200.88.1 (92.200.88.1) 0.140 ms 0.153 ms 0.133 ms 2 xe-4-2-1-311.edge4.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (212.162.25.5) 0.686 ms 0.495 ms 0.457 ms 3 vlan70.csw2.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (4.69.154.126) 98.517 ms vlan90.csw4.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (4.69.154.254) 97.022 ms vlan60.csw1.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (4.69.154.62) 96.046 ms 4 ae-81-81.ebr1.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (4.69.140.9) 98.392 ms 98.401 ms ae-61-61.ebr1.Frankfurt1.Level3.net (4.69.140.1) 97.346 ms 5 ae-45-45.ebr2.Paris1.Level3.net (4.69.143.134) 97.567 ms ae-46-46.ebr2.Paris1.Level3.net (4.69.143.138) 97.138 ms ae-48-48.ebr2.Paris1.Level3.net (4.69.143.146) 98.235 ms 6 ae-43-43.ebr2.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.137.58) 95.761 ms ae-44-44.ebr2.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.137.62) 98.323 ms 97.176 ms 7 ae-92-92.csw4.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.158) 95.847 ms ae-62-62.csw1.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.146) 96.913 ms ae-72-72.csw2.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.150) 95.879 ms 8 ae-91-91.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.141) 96.168 ms ae-61-61.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.129) 97.277 ms ae-81-81.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.net (4.69.134.137) 98.922 ms 9 ae-1-13.bar2.Charlotte1.Level3.net (4.69.200.213) 97.160 ms 97.246 ms 97.208 ms 10 4.34.18.2 (4.34.18.2) 97.574 ms 96.626 ms 96.750 ms 11 17.0.142.70 (17.0.142.70) 99.899 ms 98.565 ms 99.817 ms
24. } } } } } } } end
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