lecture_2_050315.pdf

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1. •  Chromosome  –  (Colored  Body)  Dis2nct  units   containing  DNA  
2. •  Humans   •  Diploid   •  23  different  chromosomes   •  Two  versions  of  each  (46  total)   •  Bacteria     •  1  chromosome   •  1  version   •  Haploid     •  Carp   •  Diploid   •  5  2  different  chromosomes   •  Two  versions  of  each  (104  total)        
3. Base  pairing   5’ – ACCGGTTGGAACCGTTAGG – 3’ 3’ – TGGCCAACCTTGGCAATCC – 5’ DNA:  A  pairs  with  T;  G  pairs  with  C   RNA:  A  pairs  with  U;  G  pairs  with  C  
4. Figure 1-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008) The  Central  Dogma  of  Molecular  Biology   DNA:  an  informa2on  archive   RNA:  an  informa2on  carrier    *  these  are  func2onal            molecules  and                    informa2on  archive          molecules  in  certain  cases   protein:  func2onal  molecules  
5. Figure 1-3 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
6. Figure 6-8a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
7. Figure 1-5 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
8. Figure 6-84 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
9. Figure 6-9 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
10. Figure 6-63 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
11. Descent:  offspring  inherit  characteris2cs  from  their   parents     Sexual  Reproduc2on    Meiosis       Asexual  Reproduc2on    Mitosis      
12. Figure 5-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
13. New  genes  are  derived  from  exis2ng  genes     •  Point  muta2ons     •  synonymous  –  Results  in  the  same  amino  acid  sequence   •  non-­‐synonymous  –  Results  in  different  amino  acid   sequence   •       Inser2on/dele2ons  (or  indels)   •  Possible  change  of  reading  frame.       Muta2ons  rates  (par2ally  due  to  repair  mechanisms)  are  low  to  ensure   gene2c  stability:  in  bacteria  1  nucleo2de  change  per  109  nucleo2des  per   cell  genera2on.   Muta%on  
14. •  Genotype  –  The  actual  DNA  that  codes  for  a   trait  of  a  given  individual   •  Phenotype  –  The  expressed  characteris2cs  of   a  given  trait  
15. This  work  is  licensed  under  the  Crea2ve  Commons  AZribu2on  3.0  United  States  License.  To  view  a   copy  of  this  license,  visit   hZp://crea2vecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/  or  send  a  leZer  to  Crea2ve  Commons,  171   Second  Street,  Suite  300,  San  Francisco,  California,  94105,  USA.     Feel  free  to  use  or  modify  these  slides,  but  please  credit  me  by  placing  the  following  aZribu2on   informa2on  where  you  feel  that  it  makes  sense:  Greg  Caporaso,  www.caporaso.us.