lecture_1.pdf

Transcript

1. h"p://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/MGA2_03-­‐20.html  
2. Base  pairing   DNA:  A  pairs  with  T;  G  pairs  with  C!   RNA:  A  pairs  with  U;  G  pairs  with  C     *A  U  in  an  RNA  molecule  will  pair  with          an  A  in  a  DNA  molecule;  a  T  in  a  DNA  molecule  with            pair  with  an  A  in  an  RNA  molecule.  
3. Base  pairing   5’ – ACCGGTTGGAACCGTTAGG – 3’! 3’ – TGGCCAACCTTGGCAATCC – 5’! DNA:  A  pairs  with  T;  G  pairs  with  C!   RNA:  A  pairs  with  U;  G  pairs  with  C  
5. Figure 1-4 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008) The  Central  Dogma  of  Molecular  Biology   DNA:  an  informaGon  archive   RNA:  an  informaGon  carrier    *  these  are  funcGonal            molecules  and                    informaGon  archive          molecules  in  certain  cases   protein:  funcGonal  molecules  
6. Figure 1-2d,e Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
7. Figure 1-2b Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
8. Figure 1-2c Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
9. Figure 1-3 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
10. Figure 6-8a Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
11. Figure 1-5 Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fifth Edition (© Garland Science 2008)
12. Figure 6-84 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
13. Figure 6-9 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
14. Figure 6-63 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
15. Aspects  of  an  evoluGonary  process:   Descent   MutaGon   VariaGon   SelecGon   DriL  
16. Descent:  offspring  inherit  characterisGcs  from  their   parents     Sexual  ReproducGon    Meiosis    Mitosis         Asexual  ReproducGon    Mitosis      
17. Figure 5-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)
18. New  genes  are  derived  from  exisGng  genes     •  Point  mutaGons     •  synonymous  –  Results  in  the  same  amino  acid  sequence   •  non-­‐synonymous  –  Results  in  different  amino  acid   sequence   •       InserGon/deleGons  (or  indels)   •  Possible  change  of  reading  frame.       MutaGons  rates  (parGally  due  to  repair  mechanisms)  are  low  to  ensure   geneGc  stability:  in  bacteria  1  nucleoGde  change  per  109  nucleoGdes  per   cell  generaGon.   Muta%on  
20. This  work  is  licensed  under  the  CreaGve  Commons  A"ribuGon  3.0  United  States  License.  To  view  a   copy  of  this  license,  visit   h"p://creaGvecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/  or  send  a  le"er  to  CreaGve  Commons,  171   Second  Street,  Suite  300,  San  Francisco,  California,  94105,  USA.     Feel  free  to  use  or  modify  these  slides,  but  please  credit  me  by  placing  the  following  a"ribuGon   informaGon  where  you  feel  that  it  makes  sense:  Greg  Caporaso,  www.caporaso.us.