Peanut_Smut_epidemiology.pdf

Transcript

1. PEANUT SMUT PROJECT M.Sc. Juan Andrés Paredes Dr. M.Sc. Juan Pablo Edwards Molina Agr. Eng. Joaquín Monguillot Agr. Eng. Bruno Pugliese M.Sc. Florencia Asinari
2. • Peanut production in Argentina • Characteristics of the disease • SPATIAL ANALYSIS: - Regional scale - Field scale ORDER OF PRESENTATION • Current situation of peanut smut
3. Peanut production in Argentina https://datos.magyp.gob.ar/reportes.php?reporte=Estimaciones Province Planting area (ha) Production (t) Yield (kg/ha) Proportion (%) CORDOBA 333.770 902.294 2.914 90,1 LA PAMPA 14.100 45.650 3.869 4,6 SAN LUIS 9.950 42.075 4.229 4,2 SALTA 8.130 6.749 830 0,7 TOTALY 368.438 1.001.113 2.929
4. Current situation Since 1995, peanut smut increased on intensity over the years Management strategies for disease control are not yet used It is currently the most worrying disease in the sector.
5. Peanut smut (Thecaphora frezii)
6. PEANUT SMUT - Thecaphora frezii - PEANUT CROP - Arachis hipogaea - PATHOSYSTEM
7. CYCLE OF PATHOGENESIS Addapting Amorin et al., 2015. SURVIVAL DISPERSION REPRODUCTION COLONIZATION INFECTION Susceptible host PRIMARY CYCLE - High multiplication and generation of spores
8. Disease assessment Incidence: Proportion of infected pods from a total sample (%) Severity: Proportion of damaged pod tissue. Diagrammatic scale representing five different severity classes (Astiz Gassó et al. 2008).
9. SPORE PERSISTENCE
10. Survival (preliminar assay) Inoculation in 2012 1500 teliospores/g of soil 2012 - 2013 2013 - 2014 2014 - 2015 2015 - 2016 Incidencia Ind. Severidad 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16 Campañas agrícolas 0,0 3,0 6,0 9,0 12,0 15,0 Incidencia (%) 0,00 0,10 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 Ind. Severidad (0-4) 12,6 10,0 9,9 8,1 0,41 0,31 0,30 0,26 12,6 10,0 9,9 8,1 0,41 0,31 0,30 0,26 A A A A Incidencia y severidad del carbón del maní Incidencia Ind. Severidad Incidence (%) Severity index (0-4) Severity index Incidence
11. Pathogen cycle: Monocyclic disease since there is no secondary inoculum produced during the growing season.
12. Polyetic since annual inoculum accumulation affects subsequent seasons. Peanut smut is: Monocyclic disease since there is no secondary inoculum produced during the growing season.
13. SURVIVAL AND INCREMENT OF SPORES
14. Increased of spores after crop
15. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Inóculo inicial Inóculo final teliospores/g soil Increased teliospores Malatini Antinori Guardianelli Mainos Lavini RESULTS 11.9 16.7 31.9 32.2 36.6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Inóculo inicial Inóculo final teliospores/g soil Increased teliospores Malatini Antinori Guardianelli Mainos Lavini 2112 1990 1890 757 583 6670 5333 5000 2333 1660 Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 Field 5 Increased 2,68X 2,64X 3,15X 3,10X 2,85X Increased spores after crop Final inoculum Initial inoculum
16. Growing season Prevalence Reference North region Center region South region 1995 Detection 1997 10% 2% 0% Marinelli et al., 2011 2006/07 12% 5% Oddino et al., 2008 2007/08 22% 8% 13% Oddino et al., 2008 2009/10 37% 22% Marinelli et al., 2011 2011/12 100% 100% 100% Cazzola et al., 2012 2015/16 100% 100% 100% Paredes et. al., 2016 2016/17 100% 100% 100% Paredes et. al., 2017 1995 Detection 1997 S/D S/D S/D 2006/07 0,02% 0,20% - 2007/08 0,02-20% 0,02-0,05% 0,02% 2009/10 0,5-55% 0,05-0,6% 2011/12 5,10% 2,04% 1,23% 2015/16 15,81% 3,21% 1,32% 2016/17 16,46% 4,69% 2,83% Incidence (average) Disease pregression
17. SPATIAL ANALYSIS: REGIONAL SCALE
18. Since 2014/15 to 2018/19 growing season Survey in peanut fields
19. Peanut field - Sampling stations (diagonal transect) - Harvest the totality of plants in 1 m2 Peanut fields
20. 400.000 ha Asinari et al., 2019 Peanut main growing region: disease incidence
21. SPATIAL ANALYSIS: FIELD SCALE
24. 20 m 1 m
25. Peanut smut field incidence Field 1: 2% Field 3: 30% Field 2: XX%
26. Thank you! Alejandro Rago Ignacio Cazón Juan Pablo Edwards Molina Joaquín Monguillot Cinthia Conforto Florencia Asinari