Embed your Ideas

Embedded Software Made Easy A connected chief hat reading you
a recipe you selected by voice control and waiting you at each step with a voice signal before continuing to the next one. Let’s take an example 2

Embedded Software Made Easy The following content is • Under
the software point-of-view. • Is simpliﬁed for a broader audience. • Opinionated by 25 years of farjump’s team experience. Warning 3

Embedded Software Made Easy 4 Before we get started: Hardware
vs Software Hardware

vs Software Hardware General-Purpose Single-Purpose

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU General-Purpose DSP Single-Purpose I/O Peripheral

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU General-Purpose DSP Single-Purpose I/O Peripheral May contain a General-Purpose CPU

vs Software Hardware

vs Software Hardware Computing I/O

vs Software Hardware ASIC GPU Computing DSP I/O I/O Peripheral

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU Computing DSP I/O I/O Peripheral

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU Computing DSP The Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) I/O I/O Peripheral

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU Computing DSP The Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) I/O We (the software people) are here I/O Peripheral

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU Computing DSP The Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) I/O We (the software people) are here I/O Peripheral Managed by internal (embedded) software

vs Software Hardware CPU MCU ASIC GPU Computing DSP The Hardware/Software Interface (HSI) I/O We (the software people) are here I/O Peripheral Managed by internal (embedded) software Externally controlled by Computing Hardware

Embedded Software Made Easy System-on-Chip (SoC) Before we get started:
Hardware vs Software T h e g e n e r a l - p u r p o s e computing hardware you deal with is in fact compound of many specialised sub-units. CPU I/O Core I/O 6 Tree map of usual sub-units in a SoC MCU CPU I/O Core I/O Tree map of usual sub-units in a MCU Memory

Embedded Software Made Easy System-on-Chip (SoC) Before we get started:
Hardware vs Software T h e g e n e r a l - p u r p o s e computing hardware you deal with is in fact compound of many specialised sub-units. CPU I/O Core I/O 6 Tree map of usual sub-units in a SoC Somehow, this is your software which specialises it. Once it is embedded in a closed system, its purpose is ﬁxed. MCU CPU I/O Core I/O Tree map of usual sub-units in a MCU Memory

vs Software Example of an ARM SoC

vs Software Example of the Intel 8021 Microcontroller

vs Software HSI Level of Software Abstraction Hardware

vs Software Low-Level Software HSI Level of Software Abstraction Hardware

vs Software Low-Level Software HSI Firmware Bare-metal Level of Software Abstraction System Call Operating System Hardware

vs Software Low-Level Software HSI Firmware Bare-metal Level of Software Abstraction API System Call Runtime System Library Operating System Hardware OS Service

vs Software Low-Level Software HSI Firmware Bare-metal Level of Software Abstraction API System Call Runtime System Library Program Operating System Hardware OS Service

vs Software Low-Level Software HSI Firmware Bare-metal Level of Software Abstraction API System Call Runtime System Library Program Operating System Hardware Be very careful with that… OS Service

Embedded Software Made Easy Challenge #1 - How do I
know what should be software and hardware? 10

Embedded Software Made Easy We need to break down the
idea. Challenge #1 - How do I know what should be software and hardware? 10

idea. Challenge #1 - How do I know what should be software and hardware? 10 Recipe Search Recipe Reading Power Button

idea. Challenge #1 - How do I know what should be software and hardware? 10 Recipe Search Recipe Reading Power Button Note that these are the user interfaces… Is that enough…?

know what should be software and hardware? 11 Recipe Search

know what should be software and hardware? 11 Speech Recognition Recipe Search Text-to-Speech

know what should be software and hardware? 11 Speech Recognition Recipe Search Text-to-Speech Microphone

know what should be software and hardware? 11 Speech Recognition Speaker Recipe Search Text-to-Speech Microphone

know what should be software and hardware? 11 Speech Recognition Speaker Recipe Search Text-to-Speech Microphone Hardware Software

Embedded Software Made Easy Hardware Software Challenge #1 - How
do I know what should be software and hardware? 12 Recipe Reading Speech Recognition Speaker Step-by-Step Processing Text-to-Speech Microphone

Embedded Software Made Easy Software Hardware Challenge #1 - How
do I know what should be software and hardware? 13 Power Button Boot Usually handled by an OS driver Power On Power Oﬀ Power Unit Power Events Usually handled by a ﬁrmware and bootloader

know what should be software and hardware? 14 The basic general picture for now

know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

Embedded Software Made Easy Hardware Challenge #1 - How do
I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

Embedded Software Made Easy Hardware I/Os Challenge #1 - How
do I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

Embedded Software Made Easy Hardware Computing I/Os Challenge #1 -
How do I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

Embedded Software Made Easy Software Hardware Computing I/Os Challenge #1
- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI Executed by a CPU The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 14 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI Managed by drivers Executed by a CPU The basic general picture for now Recipe Search Recipe Reading

- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 15 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI But we still don’t know what it exactly looks like… Recipe Search Recipe Reading

- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 15 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI Which exact I/Os? But we still don’t know what it exactly looks like… Recipe Search Recipe Reading

- How do I know what should be software and hardware? 15 Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI Which exact CPU? Which exact I/Os? But we still don’t know what it exactly looks like… Recipe Search Recipe Reading

Embedded Software Made Easy 16 We need to scale the
hardware to our precise needs. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 16 We need to scale the
hardware to our precise needs. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Having a « chicken and egg » problem?

Embedded Software Made Easy 17 Challenge #2 - How do
I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 17 Use an empirical approach by
prototyping starting from the ﬁrst observations & deductions. Then test & evaluate and repeat further specifying your hardware until you reach your local optimum. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 17 Use an empirical approach by
prototyping starting from the ﬁrst observations & deductions. Then test & evaluate and repeat further specifying your hardware until you reach your local optimum. When you have no idea of a starting point, start with an XXL superset of hardware, rich enough to run your idea, and create a functional prototype. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 18 Note that: • This process
can be endless. It only depends on what you are trying to accomplish. So be as lean as possible here ;-) Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 18 Note that: • This process
can be endless. It only depends on what you are trying to accomplish. So be as lean as possible here ;-) • This is the moment where you may start doing hardware development in parallel of your software development: once the hardware chosen, the hardware team keeps further specifying it while you can start the software development. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 19 In any case, the overall
goal here is to make compromises between: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. • Your computing requirements. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. • Your computing requirements. And only targeting the current stage of your product: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. • Your computing requirements. And only targeting the current stage of your product: 1. Research Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. • Your computing requirements. And only targeting the current stage of your product: 1. Research 2. Development Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

goal here is to make compromises between: • Your physical constraints (space, weight, power, etc.). • Your I/O requirements, including the interfaces with the CPU. • Your computing requirements. And only targeting the current stage of your product: 1. Research 2. Development 3. Production Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 20 The IoT gives us a
very unique chance in the embedded world: it has the same I/O interfaces and peripheral as our mainstream general-purpose personal computers. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

very unique chance in the embedded world: it has the same I/O interfaces and peripheral as our mainstream general-purpose personal computers. Which means that you can connect your IoT I/O peripherals to your own workstation to start prototyping! Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Functional Prototype Your OS Your Workstation Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Hardware Recipe Search Recipe Reading Software

very unique chance in the embedded world: it has the same I/O interfaces and peripheral as our mainstream general-purpose personal computers. Which means that you can connect your IoT I/O peripherals to your own workstation to start prototyping! Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Functional Prototype Your OS Your Workstation Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Hardware Recipe Search Recipe Reading Software Assuming your OS has the driver (otherwise implement it?)…

Embedded Software Made Easy 21 Going back to our chief
hat! Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 22 I/O Requirements Challenge #2 -
How do I select the hardware?

select the hardware? 23 It is made of single-purpose hardware which are selected according to their characteristics and our requirements. I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone

select the hardware? 23 It is made of single-purpose hardware which are selected according to their characteristics and our requirements. I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone A push button A speaker for human ears… A mic for human sounds…

select the hardware? 24 I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone A push button A speaker for human ears… A mic for human sounds…

select the hardware? 24 It gives us our ﬁrst CPU requirements: I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone A push button A speaker for human ears… A mic for human sounds…

select the hardware? 24 It gives us our ﬁrst CPU requirements: • They must be somehow connected to the CPU using their interfaces (SPI, USB, PCIe…). I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone A push button A speaker for human ears… A mic for human sounds…

select the hardware? 24 It gives us our ﬁrst CPU requirements: • They must be somehow connected to the CPU using their interfaces (SPI, USB, PCIe…). • They have bandwidth requirements of several kbits/s. I/Os Power Button Speaker Microphone A push button A speaker for human ears… A mic for human sounds…

Embedded Software Made Easy 25 Computing Requirements Challenge #2 -
How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 26 Select a processor according to:
• The kind of software you need to execute. • Your I/Os requirements. • Your physical constraints (power consumption, temperature, etc.). Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 27 There are two main kind
of processors: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

of processors: • Computing-oriented: fast CPU with lots of fast memory for CPU-bound programs (e.g., image processing). Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

of processors: • Computing-oriented: fast CPU with lots of fast memory for CPU-bound programs (e.g., image processing). • I/O-oriented: large I/O bandwidth, optimised I/O bridge for I/O-bound programs (e.g., a web server). Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 28 • CPU-bound programs scale according
to the computing power of the CPU. • I/O-bound programs scale according to the power of the CPU required to manage these I/Os. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 29 So what kind of software
do we run? Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Drivers Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Recipe Search Recipe Reading At run-time, most of the execution time will be probably spent in the speech algorithms. Which makes this software CPU- bound.

do we run? Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Drivers Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Recipe Search Recipe Reading Or not? Speech recognition is complex enough to require a huge amount of computing power we can’t aﬀord in our embedded system. So let’s make beneﬁt from the « I » of IoT and let’s implement this unit in the cloud.

do we run? Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Drivers Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Recipe Search Recipe Reading So now, most of its execution time is spent waiting for I/Os to complete: sending requests to a speech server in the cloud and driving the speakers & microphone. Our software is I/O- bound.

Embedded Software Made Easy 32 And don’t forget about the
new hardware and software now required: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware? Software Hardware Computing I/Os Drivers Power Button Speaker Microphone CPU Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition HSI Recipe Search Recipe Reading Network Interface Controller Network Stack

Embedded Software Made Easy 33 Our CPU should include: Challenge
#2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 33 Our CPU should include: •
The interfaces required to connect with our I/ O peripherals, unless already present in the selected CPU/SoC/MCU. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 33 Our CPU should include: •
The interfaces required to connect with our I/ O peripherals, unless already present in the selected CPU/SoC/MCU. • Enough computing and I/O power to run our peripherals and our software fast enough for audio processing. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 34 Running benchmarks are necessary when
you have to further reﬁne your assumptions to get closer to the perfect hardware set. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 35 Running benchmarks in a bare-metal
execution environment is a good practice to: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

execution environment is a good practice to: • Be alone in the CPU and get rid of hardware side-eﬀects coming from concurrent or parallel software. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

execution environment is a good practice to: • Be alone in the CPU and get rid of hardware side-eﬀects coming from concurrent or parallel software. • Be at the lowest software abstraction level, above the HSI, to fully understand what’s going on during the benchmark. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

execution environment is a good practice to: • Be alone in the CPU and get rid of hardware side-eﬀects coming from concurrent or parallel software. • Be at the lowest software abstraction level, above the HSI, to fully understand what’s going on during the benchmark. • Do whatever you want. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 36 To do so…: Challenge #2
- How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 36 To do so…: • Select
a JTAG probe compatible with your CPU Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

a JTAG probe compatible with your CPU • aﬀordable Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

a JTAG probe compatible with your CPU • aﬀordable • implementable in less than a week Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

a JTAG probe compatible with your CPU • aﬀordable • implementable in less than a week • with documentation & support Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Embedded Software Made Easy 37 Or you can use instead
Alpha, a GDB server, which brings: Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Alpha, a GDB server, which brings: • the ability to run standard C (malloc, fprintf, etc.) programs bare metal with the support of GDB. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Alpha, a GDB server, which brings: • the ability to run standard C (malloc, fprintf, etc.) programs bare metal with the support of GDB. • a bare metal execution environment ready- to-use. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

Alpha, a GDB server, which brings: • the ability to run standard C (malloc, fprintf, etc.) programs bare metal with the support of GDB. • a bare metal execution environment ready- to-use. Without any single JTAG probe. Challenge #2 - How do I select the hardware?

choose the right software architecture? 38 Low-Level Software Firmware Bare-metal Level of Software Abstraction API System Call Runtime System Library Program Operating System OS Service By understanding the main roles in this diagram:

Embedded Software Made Easy • Started by the hardware from
a read-only memory (ﬂash, etc.). • Given the constraints of its hardware environment, it is usually reserved for very special cases like booting hardware units (CPU, GPU, etc.). Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 39 Firmware

choose the right software architecture? 40 Bare-Metal

Embedded Software Made Easy • Started by a ﬁrmware. •
No abstraction but the one performed by the ﬁrmware(s). • Lowest-level software, right next to the HSI. • Doesn’t use any OS but usually libraries provided in the CPU/ SoC/MCU SDK, from simple helper functions to full network stacks. Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 40 Bare-Metal

Embedded Software Made Easy • Started by a ﬁrmware. •
No abstraction but the one performed by the ﬁrmware(s). • Lowest-level software, right next to the HSI. • Doesn’t use any OS but usually libraries provided in the CPU/ SoC/MCU SDK, from simple helper functions to full network stacks. Used when: ✓ There is not enough memory for a complete OS. ✓ High-performance computing software. Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 40 Bare-Metal

choose the right software architecture? 41 Operating System

Embedded Software Made Easy • Started by an OS-loader. The
two sides of an operating system: 1. Manages the hardware. 2. Provides a software abstraction of it with its own standard or speciﬁc interface. Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 41 Operating System

choose the right software architecture? 42 Operating System

Embedded Software Made Easy Like any other software, consider its
features and use the one that best matches your needs. Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 42 Operating System Real-Time Support Safety Security Standard API Standard API Driver APIs Tooling

Embedded Software Made Easy • Started by the OS. •
Beneﬁts from the abstraction of its language library, runtime, shared libraries, etc. Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 43 Program

Embedded Software Made Easy Use any language you like, the
one you feel conﬁdent with to implement your features… Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 44 Program

one you feel conﬁdent with to implement your features… Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 44 Program C++ Go Python C NodeJS Java

one you feel conﬁdent with to implement your features… Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 44 Program C++ Go Python C NodeJS Java Correctly managing errors is a feature… …that some languages provide built-in!

Embedded Software Made Easy Chief Hat Program Our connected chief
hat requires enough high-level features, such as a network stack or a power event handler, that are good candidates to start at least prototyping using Linux on a simple ARM SoC include a network controller (e.g., wiﬁ). The main advantage of using Linux being its amazing development tooling… Challenge #3 - How do I choose the right software architecture? 45 Linux Power Button Speaker Microphone ARM Text-to-Speech Speech Recognition Recipe Search Recipe Reading Network Interface Controller Network Stack ARM Kernel Drivers

I do embedded programming?

I do embedded programming? Hardware

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target »

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « remote » link

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « host » Called the « remote » link

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « host » Called the « remote » link Cross-Toolchain

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « host » Called the « remote » link Cross-Toolchain Tools to be executed on your workstation to manipulate « target » software.

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « host » Called the « remote » link Cross-Compiler Tools to be executed on your workstation to manipulate « target » software.

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Any kind of link Called the « target » Called the « host » Called the « remote » link Tools to be executed on your workstation to manipulate « target » software. Cross-Compiled Program

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Any kind of link

I do embedded programming? Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Any kind of link Not working? Do it again...

make embedded development simple? 49 It’s still such a « hard » world…

make embedded development simple? 50 In such « hard » world… Can we make it easier for Bob, its teammates, its boss?

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Firstly… OS

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Firstly… OS

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Debug Informations of the Cross- Compiled Program Firstly… OS

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Alpha Debug Informations of the Cross- Compiled Program Firstly… OS

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Alpha Debug Informations of the Cross- Compiled Program Firstly… OS GDB Debug Protocol

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Alpha Debug Informations of the Cross- Compiled Program Firstly… OS The program is dynamically debugged, so no more static logs/ prints everywhere in the code GDB Debug Protocol

make embedded development simple? 51 Hardware Your Workstation Cross-Compiled Program Cross-GDB GDB is the recommended tool. It allows to embed, debug and test the program, in one single amazing tool. Alpha Debug Informations of the Cross- Compiled Program Firstly… OS The program is dynamically debugged, so no more static logs/ prints everywhere in the code But also the entire system, including its OS, drivers, and other processes. GDB Debug Protocol

Embedded Software Made Easy 52

Embedded Software Made Easy And ﬁnally, how would you ﬁnd
mistakes before they become bugs? Agile development? Test-Driven Development? Continuous Integration? Dedicate your time and energy to your product using our second tool, Lab, which automates the setup of a target and its interfaces. Useful even on a day-to-day basis for your tedious manual setups of the targets and to be able later on to run automatic tests from a continuous integration server. Challenge #5 - How do I make embedded development simple? 53

Embedded Software Made Easy 54

I go in production? Hardware Program in Read- Only Memory

I go in production? Hardware Production Test Bench Program in Read- Only Memory Any kind of link

I go in production? Hardware Production Test Bench Program in Read- Only Memory Any kind of link In the chief hat case, the network controller could be used.

I go in production? Hardware Production Test Bench Program in Read- Only Memory Any kind of link Alpha In the chief hat case, the network controller could be used.

I go in production? Hardware Production Test Bench Program in Read- Only Memory Any kind of link Cross-GDB Alpha In the chief hat case, the network controller could be used.

I go in production? Hardware Production Test Bench Program in Read- Only Memory Any kind of link Debug Informations of Program in Read- Only Memory Cross-GDB Alpha In the chief hat case, the network controller could be used.

Embedded Software Made Easy 56 Hardware test benches are expensive
and are a whole project of their own. We recommend also using Lab to make it as much software as possible: • Connect your hardware to your test instruments. • Connect your instruments to Lab and you are down with hardware, you can continue fully software… Challenge #6 - How do I go in production?

Simplicity is prerequisite of reliability Edsger W. Dijkstra Computer Science
Pioneer

linkedin.com/in/guerrajulio Embedded Software Made Easy Have Fun & Good Luck!
github.com/farjump/raspberry-pi [email protected]

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