KMP for Mobile Developers

KMP for Mobile Developers @ Droidcon Berlin 2021

Transcript

1. KMP for Mobile
   Developers
   Enrique López Mañas
   

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2. Ego Slide
   • Google Developer Expert
   
   
   •
   🇻🇳 🇩🇪 🇪🇸
   
   
   • Kotlin Weekly publisher
   
   
   • @eenriquelopez
   
   
   • Mainly Android Kotlin, Backend Kotlin, iOS (mostly Swift)
   

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3. expect fun
   

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4. Motivation
   < Costs
   Sharing code within the company
   
   
   Feature teams
   
   
   > Quality
   One tech-stack
   

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5. Multiplatform development
   Platform Proprietary
   Hybrid HTML &
   
   
   JavaScript Frameworks
   Cross-platform
   
   
   Native
   

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6. Kotlin
   Modern language
   
   
   

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7. Kotlin
   

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8. Kotlin
   

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9. Kotlin
   Interop
   
   
   

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10. Kotlin
    Community support
    
    
    

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11. Kotlin
    Top-notch tooling
    
    
    

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12. Kotlin
    Sharing is optional!
    
    
    No life or death commitment
    
    
    

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13. Kotlin/Anywhere
    Android
    Browser
    Server
    
    
    

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14. Kotlin/Native
    Common
    JVM Native
    iOS
    framework
    Your iOS
    dev
    Your
    Android
    Dev
    JS
    

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15. Kotlin/Native or KMP or KMM
    

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16. KMP
    Sharing architecture (not UI)
    
    
    Shared UI is a mess
    
    
    

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17. Kotlin/Native
    - Uses LLVM (5.0)
    
    
    - Provides runtime guarantees
    
    
    - Exceptions, memory management
    
    
    - Interop with C/Objective-C (Swift)
    
    
    - Platform libraries (POSIX, Apple Frameworks, Win32, DOM, etc)
    

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18. Kotlin/Native
    Kotlin
    Compiler
    LLVM
    Kotlin Source
    
    
    Code (.kt)
    Platform
    
    
    Binary
    IR
    

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19. The compiler
    -Shares Front-end with Kotlin/JVM and Kotlin/JS
    
    
    - Written in Java and Kotlin
    
    
    - Produces bitcode via LLVM API
    

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20. Memory Management
    - ARC with Cycle Collector
    
    
    - When working pure Kotlin,don’t worry about memory management
    
    
    - Weak references supported
    
    
    - Memory sharing model
    
    
    - Different threads have disjoint object graphs
    
    
    - Object subgraphs can be transferred between threads
    
    
    - Immutable objects can be shared
    

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21. Interoperatibility
    - Interoperatibility with C, Objective-C and Swift
    
    
    - Kotlin can call C/Objective-C and vice-versa
    
    
    - Kotlin can extend Objective-C classes and vice-versa
    
    
    - Memory management aware of Objective-C runtime
    

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22. Mapping
    - Numbers are kept
    
    
    - Strings converted
    
    
    - Kotlin declarations wrapping C entities (functions, struct, unions, etc.) are auto-
    generated
    
    
    - Objective-C OO concepts (classes, protocols, blocks) are represented as
    matching Kotlin entities (classes, interfaces, lambdas)
    
    
    - For Objective-C, Kotlin code can be compiled to a framework
    

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23. Mapping
    

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24. Kotlin Library
    - Hold collection of code for reusability and sharing
    
    
    - Own format: ‘klib’ extension, which holds metadata and bitcode
    
    
    - Tool for creating and storing libraries in repositories
    

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25. expect/actual
    

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26. expect/actual
    

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27. expect/actual
    

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28. expect/actual JVM
    

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29. expect/actual JS
    

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30. expect/actual
    

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31. expect/actual
    // Common
    
    
    expect fun randomUUID(): String
    
    
    // Android
    
    
    import java.util.*
    
    
    actual fun randomUUID() = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
    

    

    // iOS
    
    
    import platform.Foundation.NSUUID
    
    
    actual fun randomUUID(): String = NSUUID().UUIDString()
    

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32. Square
    JetBrains
    TouchLab Others
    

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33. Community projects
    - Sqldelight
    
    
    - SQLiter
    
    
    - Multiplatform settings
    
    
    - Stately
    
    
    - OKIO2
    

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34. Existing native libraries
    - Ktor
    
    
    - Kotlinx.Coroutines
    
    
    - Kotlinx.io
    
    
    - Atomic-fu
    

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35. ktor
    - Web application framework
    

    -Domain Specific Language (DSL) syntax for web apps-Kotlin coroutines for
    asynchronous programming
    

    -Can be used on web, iOS and Android
    

    -Provides a unified toolset with a single language, like Node.js but with type-safety
    and build-concurrency.
    

    

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36. ktor
    

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37. ktor
    

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38. ktor
    

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39. ktor
    

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40. ktor
    

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41. ktor
    

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42. Coroutines
    JetBrains async library
    

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43. Coroutines
    

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44. Coroutines
    

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45. kotlinx.io
    Library for I/O primitives building and manipulations
    
    
    Experimental
    

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46. kotlinx.io
    

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47. kotlinx.io
    

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48. kotlinx.io
    

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49. AtomicFU
    Library for atomic operations in Kotlin
    

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50. Considerations in state
    No threading primitives: synchronized, volatile
    
    
    Use atomic-fu instead
    

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51. AtomicFU
    

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52. AtomicFU
    

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53. SQLiter
    •Evoution of knarch.db
    

    •From Touchlab
    

    •SQLiter -> SQL Driver
    

    

    

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54. SQLiter
    .
    DatabaseInstance.
    

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55. SQLiter
    

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56. Multiplatform settings
    SharedPreferences on Android and NSUserDefaults on iOS.
    

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57. Multiplatform settings
    

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58. kotlinx.serialization
    

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59. Considerations in state
    An object belongs to one thread
    

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60. Considerations in state
    Frozen objects can be shared by threads
    

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61. Concurrency - frozen objects
    Everything you have written until now is not frozen
    

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62. Considerations in state
    Runtime safety: KMP can verify safe mutability
    

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63. Considerations in state - Generics
    

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64. Considerations in state - Generics
    

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65. Considerations in state - Generics
    

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66. Considerations in state
    

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67. Considerations in state
    Exhaustive enums
    

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68. Considerations in state
    Default arguments
    

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69. Considerations in state
    // Kotlin
    enum class LogLevel {
    ERROR,
    WARNING,
    INFO,
    DEBUG
    }
    class Logger {
    companion object default {
    fun log(level: LogLevel = LogLevel.ERROR, message: String, completion: (Boolean) ->
    Unit) { }
    }
    }
    

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70. Considerations in state
    // Swift
    Logger.default.log(.error, "An error ocurred") {
    // Closure
    }
    

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71. Considerations in state
    

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72. Considerations in state
    iOS devs?
    
    
    

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73. Architecture
    https://proandroiddev.com/kotlin-multiplatform-mvvm-clean-architecture-f20b99f90b95
    Javier Arroyo
    

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74. KMM Survey Q1-Q2 2021
    

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75. KMM Survey Q1-Q2 2021
    

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76. KMM Survey Q1-Q2 2021
    

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77. Case studies?
    https://kotlinlang.org/lp/mobile/case-studies/
    

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78. The future
    Hard to make predictions, easier to bet safe
    “I don’t know what will happen in 10 years, but there will
    
    
    be people asking in SO about regular expressions, and
    
    
    there will be another JS framework ”
    

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79. The future
    @lehtimaeki
    

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80. Recommendations
    - Use it with caution
    
    
    - Shared components
    
    
    - Keep versioning in mind
    
    
    - Do not compromise 100% of a project
    

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81. Further resources
    Kotlin Slack (kotlinlang.slack.com)
    Touchlab resources (https://github.com/touchlab)
    Kotlin Weekly (http://kotlinweekly.net)
    K/N documentation (https://kotlinlang.org/docs/
    native-overview.html)
    

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82. Thanks!
    

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