Gradle Magic

This presentation covers main concepts of working with Gradle build scripts.
Shows how Gradle Groovy syntax different from Java, how you can create custom tasks and even more - how to create your custom Gradle plugin!
https://youtu.be/mJ7Y_h1OmZM

Transcript

1. Gradle Magic Kozyrev Sergii, Lohika
2. Agenda • Why need gradle? • Syntax magic • One task “to rule them all”! • Plugins to encapsulate anything • Java plugin • Android builds • Demo “Create Your own plugin”
3. Why build tools? • hmm… so what do I need to do to ship it? подумаем, что нам нужно сделать, чтобы получить билд? сгенерил апк и отправил? ок, а если бы не было этой волшебной кнопки? заказчик просит релейную сборку, скопировать все апи-ключи… ок, обновилась библиотека, надо ее переподложить, опус, у нее тоже поменялись зависимости, ок едем дальше… что? нам нужна платная и бесплатная версия? разные апк??? нам нужно такое же приложение, но с другими картинками? сколько каждое из них (2х2х2) весит? сколько методов? так отбрасываем часть функционала - надо чтобы кто-то поудалял ненужные ресурсы, кто- то посчитал методы, и надо еще написать систему которая засолвит Х
4. Solution - build tool!
5. Why gradle? • We need easy to configure and use, robust, agile… • Do we really need to reinvent it?
6. How to install • Download and add some vars • homebrew • SdkMan • or … simply use gradle wrapper !
7. Build scripts declarative! You say WHAT You want *hint: If You want to change HOW - create a plugin!
8. Gradle based on groovy
9. • support of Java, Scala, Groovy • optional typing (def foo = 6.5) • lists (def myList = ["Gradle", "Groovy", "Android"]) • closures (def printItem = {item -> println "List item: $item"}) • delegates (def greetingClosure = {printGreeting()}) Syntax
10. • support of Java, Scala, Groovy • optional typing def foo = 6.5 • lists def myList = ["Gradle", "Groovy", "Android"] • closures def printItem = {item -> println "List item: $item"} • delegates def greetingClosure = {printGreeting()} Syntax
11. Parenthesis magic When the last parameter of a method is a closure, you can place the closure after the method call
12. Task to rule them all • Function, can be entry point • Task dependency robustness • dependsOn • finalizedBy • mustRunAfter • dependsOn tasks.matching(task -> task.name.startsWith("pattern")) hard-to-impossible in other build tool
13. Typed tasks • Tasks may have type • doLast, doFirst - adHoc tasks • Typed tasks "task copyFiles(type: Copy)” • Copy, Zip, Delete (easy configurable closures like from, into, include etc.)
14. Custom type extend default task and give it some @TaskAction :) groovy, java, scala…
15. Super feature - incremental builds gradle remembers each task's inputs and outputs
16. Plugins • define tasks and task types, • configure repositories, • apply other plugins, • extend gradle dsl Plugin can:
17. apply plugin java • clean • check • assemble • lots of very smart pre-configurations • gradle jar -> does everything for You :)
18. No more juggling jars • download dependency once even for different projects - local cache • repositories mavenCentral(), jCenter(), local • http/https/sftp/file_based • dependencies compile by name, groovy-style name, files collection, fileTree (for *.inc filtering)
19. Dependencies • gradle dependencies -> shows all dependencies including transitive • gradle dependencyInsight -> for deep dive into one given dependency, shows conflicts and resolving • dependencies configurations: compile, testCompile, testRuntime
20. Tests • Unit tests and Integration tests • different source dirs • different dependency configs • different tasks • test reports out of the box
21. Wild world of custom plugins Created by Gradle and Community
22. Android build system Android Studio delegates to Gradle .gradle folder stores info for incremental builds apply plugin ‘android’
23. Life is easy because of Gradle • Build Types • Flavors • Dependencies on per variant basis • App signing • Merging resources
24. Variants matrix
25. We need to go deeper • Some tasks (aka compileFreeDebug) are generated in time of configuration • applicationVariant.all -> collection of build variants that not yet exist!
26. Lots of cool features • multi project build - by default (settings.gradle to specify projects) • jar and aar for libs with resources • unit and AndroidTest go with same build variants naming rules • multidex support - multiDexEnabled true • proguard|minifyEnabled|shrinkResources
27. Ready to go plugins for everything • Optimize images • Measure metrics • Layouts generating • Wearables and auto • Code generating • Plugin publishing plugin :)
28. Have ideas? Create Your Plugin! DEMO
29. Useful links • https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/groovy/ • https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/ • https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/ tutorial_java_projects.html • https://plugins.gradle.org/
30. THANKS!!! QUESTIONS?