Rustlang for students

Rustlang presentation at converge conf 2017,kakinada

Transcript

1. RUST NEXT GEN SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
2. Recognize this? https://www.whatsappbrand.com/
3. Whatsapp statistics https://9to5mac.com/2017/07/26/whatsapp-one-billion-active-daily-users/
4. About me q I am Krishna Kumar. q Worked in TCS as Erlang Developer. q Currently working as application developer/consultant at Thoughtworks. Free time: q Robotics q Industrial automation q 3D animation and graphics q Embedded systems.
5. Is Whatsapp only application that needs scale?
6. When you see concurrency what problems can you imagine?
7. Tradeoff with high level languages
8. Get the most out of everything using low level language
9. Problems with C/C++
10. Terms to notice ØData Races ØSegmentation faults
11. Segmentation Fault ØDereference a null pointer ØModifying the read only code ØRunning outside array bounds ØIllegal memory access ØAnd so on….
12. RUST SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE THAT RUNS BLAZINGLY FAST, PREVENTS SEGFAULTS, AND GUARANTEES THREAD SAFETY.
13. Rust features ØImmutability by default. ØOwnership and borrowing. ØChannels for concurrency. ØTraits for extensibility. ØZero cost abstractions. ØType inference as much as possible. ØNo GC.
14. Ownership ØExplicit memory deallocation – Low level languages like C/C++ ØAutomatic Garbage collection – High level languages like Java, Python, Go and any language with a runtime ØNo Garbage collection – Rust approach
15. Stack and heap Both are used at runtime Stack: ◦ LIFO ◦ Each frame is fixed size ◦ Faster – as one place for pushing and popping the data Heap: ◦ Size is only known at runtime. ◦ Less organized – slower to respond. ◦ Allocation – Find suitable memory location for the size, mark the location as in use, return the pointer on to the stack
16. Variable scope
17. Strings - Immutable by default - Directly stored as text in the executable - No runtime overhead of allocating on heap String literals: String Type: - Can be mutated - Allocated on heap at runtime - Drop is added to end of the scope during compile time to deallocate as soon as moves out of scope.
18. Copy Fixed size datatypes: - Both x and y has a copy of value 5
19. Deep copy ✘ Shallow copy ✘ Move ✔ Move
20. Clone
21. Functions
22. Return values
23. Advantages of ownership ØWhat data is actively being used by the code/runtime. ØMinimizing duplicate data on heap. ØCleaning up data end of lifetime.
24. Rules of ownership Each value has a variable(owner). Each value has only one owner at a time. Value is dropped when owner / variable goes out of scope.
25. Borrowing with references
26. Try modifying things borrowed Error from compilation:
27. Mutable references
28. Various cases for references… Error from compilation: Multiple mutable references:
29. Various cases for references… Multiple mutable references in different scopes:
30. Various cases for references… Both mutable and immutable references in the same scope: Error from compilation:
31. Dangling references: Error from compilation:
32. Lifetimes Error from compilation:
33. Various cases for lifetimes… Error from compilation:
34. Various cases for lifetimes…
35. Various cases for lifetimes…
36. Various cases for lifetimes… Error from compilation:
37. Enums enum Option<T> { Some(T), None, } Ø Value could be something or nothing. Ø Unwrap method on Option panics if it returns None.
38. Enums enum Result<T,E> { Ok(T), Err(E), } ØReturns a value or an error ØUsed for recoverable errors
39. Pattern matching Matching an Option<T> datatype:
40. Pattern matching Error from compilation: Matches are exhaustive:
41. Pattern matching The _ placeholder:
42. Unrecoverable error with panic! Ø Unwinds the stack Ø Function data cleanup Ø Prints error message and Ø Quits
43. Iterators Ø Iterators are lazy by default. Ø Cannot run out of bounds and hence no segmentation faults.
44. Fearless Concurrency Threads: ØRust has 1:1 model for threading, i.e. rust thread is mapped to one OS thread
45. Handle.join() at the end - Response
46. handle.join() before main thread loop
47. handle.join() before main thread loop - Response
48. Thread Communication - Channels Do not communicate by sharing memory; instead, share memory by communicating. – Effective Go
49. Thread Communication – Shared Memory
50. More about concurrency ØARC<T> might cause dead locks ØAll the concurrency primitives are just libraries and hence more improvement may come soon. ØThere is still scope for improvement in rust concurrency primitives. ØYou can also contribute.
51. Add ons ØRayon is data parallelism library which is widely used. ØThere is an operating system in rust called REDOX os. ØRocket, Nickel are some of the webservers in rust. ØCargo is the package manager for rust. ØTokio is a networking library for rust.
52. Friends of Rust npm, Inc : Replacing C and rewriting performance-critical bottlenecks in the registry service architecture. Dropbox : Optimizing cloud file-storage. Atlassian : We use Rust in a service for analyzing petabytes of source code. Many more…. @ https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/friends.html
53. Packages for Rust
54. Thank you… Twitter: @KrishnaKumarT36 LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/krishna-kumar-thokala-a5bb3132