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ブロックチェーン技術: 幻想と展望 / Blockchain Technology : Del...
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Kenji Saito
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November 21, 2018
Technology
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ブロックチェーン技術: 幻想と展望 / Blockchain Technology : Delusion and Outlook
2018年11月21日(水)、一橋大学「先端科学技術とイノベーション」でのゲスト講義で使用したスライドです。
Kenji Saito
PRO
November 21, 2018
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Transcript
: SFC ( )
[email protected]
: — 2018-11-21 – p.1/44
( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993
( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 18 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 SFC 2018 → ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.2/44
(2017) : SF + + SF (2048 ) 2048 :
— 2018-11-21 – p.3/44
(1) (2) ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.4/44
(1) : — 2018-11-21 – p.5/44
(2) H m H(m) = H(m′) m′ (m′ = m)
H(m) m m′ H(m) = H(m′) ( m′ = m) SHA-1 : — 2018-11-21 – p.6/44
: — 2018-11-21 – p.7/44
(RSA) RSA (RSA : Rivest, Shamir, Adleman) ECDSA ( DSA
: Digital Signature Algorithm) : — 2018-11-21 – p.8/44
: < , > : : < , , >
: OK NG ( ) : , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) / : — 2018-11-21 – p.9/44
politics : — 2018-11-21 – p.10/44
(1) ( ) ⇒ P2P ( ) ⇒ : —
2018-11-21 – p.11/44
(2) (double spending) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ⇒ (
) ⇒ ⇒ → → ⇒ → : — 2018-11-21 – p.12/44
— : — 2018-11-21 – p.13/44
politics (politics) “Code is Law” . . . . .
. : — 2018-11-21 – p.14/44
/ (1) 2,100 cm3 (cc) 1 1cm3 10 12.5cm3 ⇒
⇒ ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.15/44
/ (2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) → ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.16/44
∼ UTXO ( ) (= ) → UTXO (Unspent transaction
(TX) Output) = : — 2018-11-21 – p.17/44
∼ ท൪߸O ท൪߸O ท൪߸O લทͷμΠδΣετ λʔήοτҎԼͰͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ Έͩ͠ίʔφʔ μΠδΣετ͕λʔήοτҎԼʹͳΔΑ͏ʹೖΕΔదͳ༰
( ) → 2018 11 1 4 ∼ 6 : — 2018-11-21 – p.18/44
∼ ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O
ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O ϖʔδ൪߸O ͬͪ͜ͷྺ࢙͕༗ޮ ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.19/44
: — 2018-11-21 – p.20/44
/ ਖ਼ੑͷอূ ྫ6590ߏͱσδλϧॺ໊ ଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ྫ࡞ۀূ໌͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ྫφΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϧʔϧͷهड़ ྫ#5$ͷҠస ɾ
τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷ༰͕վ͟ΜͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͦͷΞηοτʹؔ͢ΔաڈͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯྻʹরΒͯ͠ໃ६͕ͳ͘ɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺਖ਼ͳϢʔβʹΑΓೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূ͢Δ ɾաڈʹ͋ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛຣফͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺաڈʹͳ͔ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛ፻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ɾໃ६͢Δ;ͨͭͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕ೖ͞Εͨ߹ɺ ɹ ͍ͣΕ ؔ༩͢Δશһ͕ಉ͡ยํΛબΜͰྺ࢙ͷதʹҐஔ͚ͮΔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩδοΫ Կ͕ਖ਼͍͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͔ΛܾΊΔ ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.21/44
/ ਖ਼ੑͷอূ ྫ6590ߏͱσδλϧॺ໊ ଘࡏੑͷূ໌ ྫ࡞ۀূ໌͖ϋογϡνΣʔϯ །Ұੑͷ߹ҙ ྫφΧϞτɾίϯηϯαε ϧʔϧͷهड़ ྫ#5$ͷҠస ɾ
τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷ༰͕վ͟ΜͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͦͷΞηοτʹؔ͢ΔաڈͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯྻʹরΒͯ͠ໃ६͕ͳ͘ɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺਖ਼ͳϢʔβʹΑΓೖ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛอূ͢Δ ɾաڈʹ͋ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛຣফͰ͖ͣɺ ɾ ͔ͭɺաڈʹͳ͔ͬͨτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛ፻Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ɾໃ६͢Δ;ͨͭͷτϥϯβΫγϣϯ͕ೖ͞Εͨ߹ɺ ɹ ͍ͣΕ ؔ༩͢Δશһ͕ಉ͡ยํΛબΜͰྺ࢙ͷதʹҐஔ͚ͮΔ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϩδοΫ Կ͕ਖ਼͍͠τϥϯβΫγϣϯ͔ΛܾΊΔ σδλϧॺ໊ͰͰ͖Δʂ τϥετʹཔΔඞཁ͕͋ͬͨʂ ઃܭʹΑͬͯෆཁʹͰ͖Δʂ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʂ ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.21/44
→ 1 : ( ) ↑ → → → 2
: ( ) ( ) → : — 2018-11-21 – p.22/44
( ) / ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.23/44
. . . ( : ) ( : ) ↑
: — 2018-11-21 – p.24/44
/ Bitcoin, Ethereum DLT BBc-1 ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ެڞۭؒ ɾτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛແؔͳྺ࢙͕อ༗ ɾͲΕ͔ͷாΛແໃ६ʹॻ͖͑ͯূڌ͕Δ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ா υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ Ethereum ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.25/44
PoW/(D)PoS PoCX ( ) PoW (Proof of Work; ) /
( ) ( ) (D)PoS ((Delegated) Proof of Stake; ( ) ) ( ) ⇒ ( → / ) PoCX (Proof of Context; ) ( ) ( ) ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.26/44
( ( )) ( ) DLT ( ) ( )
: ( ) ( ) ( ) BBc-1 ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.27/44
/DLT ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( )
( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) DLT ( ) : : : — 2018-11-21 – p.28/44
Ethereum ( ) ( ) ⇒ (Casper) ( ) ⇒
ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ⇒ : — 2018-11-21 – p.29/44
BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ⇒ (
vs. ) ( ) ⇒ DHT ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ PoCX : — 2018-11-21 – p.30/44
— ( . . . ) QR ( ) ⇒
( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.31/44
( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.32/44
: ⇒ LINE → → ( ) ( ) ⇒
→ → → : — 2018-11-21 – p.33/44
( ) ( ) ( ) . . . (
) . . . : — 2018-11-21 – p.34/44
( ) ( ) / / ( ) : —
2018-11-21 – p.35/44
— ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3.
( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.36/44
: — 2018-11-21 – p.37/44
(cyborg) = (cybernetic) (organism) 1 : ← 2 : ⇒
AI AI : — 2018-11-21 – p.38/44
(4 ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.39/44
(4 ) ( ) : — 2018-11-21 – p.40/44
→ (AI ) → ← → → / / :
— 2018-11-21 – p.41/44
Twitter — @tsuchi_yami ( ) → SF : — 2018-11-21
– p.42/44
{ | } ࠃՈ ՟ฎ ઐԽ ɾ੫ۚͷΈʹΑΓ ɹࢧ͖͑ͯͨ 㱺͔͠͠ެڞΛ ɹ࣮ݱ͢Δํ๏ʹ
ɹมԽͷஹ͠ ɾ҆શอোʹΑΓ ɹࢧ͖͑ͯͨ 㱺͔͠͠ઐੑʹଇΒͳ͍ ɹܦࡁ͕ੜ·ΕΔஹ͠ ɾަͷඞཁੑʹΑΓࢧ͖͑ͯͨ 㱺͔͠͠ࢲ༗͔Βڞ༗ɾڞ༻ʹ͚ͨมԽͷஹ͠ : — 2018-11-21 – p.43/44
AI → : : — 2018-11-21 – p.44/44