イーサリアムの技術 / Ethereum Technology

2023年7月12日(水)、ブロックチェーンハブ主催のブロックチェーンアカデミーにて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. Chief Science Officer / ks91@blockchainhub.co.jp — — 2023-07-12 – p.1/33
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — — 2023-07-12 – p.2/33
3. ( ) SFC ( ) CSO (Chief Science Officer) 1993 ( ) 2006 ( ) SFC 22 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) 2011 ( ) 2018 2019 VR 2021.7 VR 2021.9 & VR 2022.3 2023 AI VR 2023.2-3 “POWER TO THE PEOPLE” VR&RPG 2023.5 “Don’t Be So Serious” → ( ) — — 2023-07-12 – p.3/33
4. (EVM) ( ) — — 2023-07-12 – p.4/33
5. Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” (Dec. 2013∼) 15 → 12 1 (= ) = = ( ) CPU ⇒ DApps DApps = / — — 2023-07-12 – p.5/33
6. = ( ) run = → — — 2023-07-12 – p.6/33
7. [Lamport 1984][Schneider 1990] ( ) (1) 0 ( ) (2) (3) (4) ( ) ← — — 2023-07-12 – p.7/33
8. Ether (ETH) Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ← Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — — 2023-07-12 – p.8/33
9. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine ঢ়ଶ ֎෦ΞΫλʔ ΞΧ΢ϯτ &7. ίʔυ &UIFS
   ˠ
   (BT ىಈ ίϯτϥΫτ ϝοηʔδ
   ͔ɺ৽͍ࣗ͠ಈΦϒδΣΫτ ΞΧ΢ϯτؒͰ΍ΓऔΓ͞ΕΔσʔλ΍
   &UIFS ετϨʔδ ঢ়ଶ` τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ηοτ σδλϧॺ໊ &7. ਓؒͱ͔ ࣗಈ ΦϒδΣΫτ ( ) Gas ( EVM = ( burn)) → — — 2023-07-12 – p.9/33
10. Ethereum Frontier (2015) Homestead (2016) Metropolis Byzantium (2017) zk-SNARKs ( ) → Zcash on Ethereum (ZoE) Constantinople + St.Petersburg (2019) (for 2nd Layer) Proof of Stake Istanbul (2019) Zcash zk-SNARKs/STARKs Serenity(?) Muir Glacier, Staking deposit contract, Beacon Chain genesis (2020) Berlin, London ( burn ), Altair, Arrow Glacier (2021) Gray Glacier (Glacier ), Bellatrix, Paris The Merge (2022) Shanghai + Capella (2023) ← — — 2023-07-12 – p.10/33
11. Ethereum — — 2023-07-12 – p.11/33
12. ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1, BBc-2) : : — — 2023-07-12 – p.12/33
13. Ethereum ( ) ⇒ (The Merge; ) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ( ) ⇒ — — 2023-07-12 – p.13/33
14. Ethereum 2.0 / / — — 2023-07-12 – p.14/33
15. / / (1) Ethereum Bitcoin ( OK) 1 — — 2023-07-12 – p.15/33
16. / / (2) 3 ( ) · ( ) ( ) 1 — — 2023-07-12 – p.16/33
17. / / (3) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) 1,500 3,000 Ethereum 2022 9 — — 2023-07-12 – p.17/33
18. / / (4) Gwei Gwei ETH 32 ETH ( ) ETH ETH · 32 ETH ( OK) · 16 ETH ( ) 12 ( ) ( ) 1 — — 2023-07-12 – p.18/33
19. / / (5) 32 1 (384 ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 ( ) 256 512 — — 2023-07-12 – p.19/33
20. / / (6) ( ) ( ) 5 ( ) 2 3 (36 ) — — 2023-07-12 – p.20/33
21. εϩοτ O ҕһձͷূݴ ఏҊ୲౰ όϦσʔλ " ఏҊ୲౰ όϦσʔλ # ఏҊ୲౰ όϦσʔλ $ ఏҊ୲౰ όϦσʔλ % εϩοτ O  εϩοτ O  εϩοτ O  εϩοτ O  ʹ͸ ϒϩοΫແ͔ͬͨΑͶʁ ͑ʔͬʂ ͋ͬͨΑɺ͋ͬͨΑ ࢍ੒ ҕһձͷূݴ ҕһձͷূݴ ࢍ੒ ҕһձͷূݴ ࢍ੒ ࢍ੒ — — 2023-07-12 – p.21/33
22. / / (7) ( ) ( ) DAO (RANDAO) ( ) 1 2 — — 2023-07-12 – p.22/33
23. Ethereum Proof of Work + (1.0) Proof of Stake + (2.0) — — 2023-07-12 – p.23/33
24. Bitcoin SHA-256 × SHA-256 ( /TX ) SHA-256 × RIPEMD-160 ( = ) (1 ) . . . Litecoin scrypt ( ) Ethereum Ethash (Dagger-Hashimoto ) (Proof of Work) ( ← ) DAG : Directed Acyclic Graph ( ) https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/consensus-mechanisms/pow/mining-algorithms/ethash/ Keccak-256 (≈SHA-3) ( ) (Ethash ) — — 2023-07-12 – p.24/33
25. Merkle Bitcoin Digest = SHA-256 × SHA-256 Merkle root TX ( ) TX Ethereum TX TX 3 Merkle root TX Gas — — 2023-07-12 – p.25/33
26. IUUQTFOXJLJQFEJBPSHXJLJ3BEJY@USFF key OK PATRICIA (Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded In Alphanumeric) Trie ( ) trie = retrieval ( ) (key, value) RLP (recursive length prefix encoding) Ethereum (key, value) — — 2023-07-12 – p.26/33
27. Ethereum Proof of Stake (The Merge ) — — 2023-07-12 – p.27/33
28. Proof of Stake ( ) ( ) ( ) → ( ) ← Nothing at Stake : Ethereum ← : ( ) ( ) ETH — — 2023-07-12 – p.28/33
29. ( ) PoS PoW PoS — — 2023-07-12 – p.29/33
30. (Bitcoin ) A-B — — 2023-07-12 – p.30/33
31. µRaiden Raiden Network Rollups Plasma — — 2023-07-12 – p.31/33
32. Ethereum 2.0 Staking ← Beacon Chain PoS Ethereum 1.0 Ethereum PoW Ethereum PoS ( ) ( ) (Beacon Chain ) 64 (?) ( ) (EVM → eWASM (Ethereum WebAssembly)) — — 2023-07-12 – p.32/33
33. — — 2023-07-12 – p.33/33