スマートコントラクト / Smart Contracts

2021年6月28日、早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科の「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット (2021夏)」第8-9回にて使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. — 2021 8-9 (WBS) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.1/70
2. https://speakerdeck.com/ks91 — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.2/70
3. ( ) 1 5 31 • 2 6 7 (1) • 3 6 7 (2) • 4 6 14 – (1) • 5 6 14 – (2) • 6 6 21 (1) • 7 6 21 (2) • 8 6 28 (1) • 9 6 28 (2) • 10 7 5 (1) 11 7 5 (2) 12 7 12 (1) 13 7 12 (2) 14 7 19 (1) 15 7 19 (2) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.3/70
4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ethereum 6. 7. 8. 9. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.4/70
5. ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ϒϩοΫ൪߸
   
   O  ͍ͪ͹Μه࿥ɾॻ͖׵͑ͷίετ͕ߴ͍ྺ࢙ ࠷΋վ͟Μ͠ʹ͍͘ྺ࢙ ͕༗ޮ ͻͱͭखલͷϒϩοΫͷ ʮμΠδΣετʯ σδλϧॺ໊͞Εͨ ʮτϥϯβΫγϣϯ औҾ ʯ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞ΔͨΊʹ͸ɺͦͷʮμΠδΣετʯ͕͋Δ਺ҎԼͱ͍͏৚݅Λຬͨͨ͠Γ 1SPPG
   PG
   8PSL Ծ૝௨՟ͷ࣋ͪ෼ʹԠͨ͡ݖརΛ࢖ͬͨ౤ථͰউͬͨΓ 1SPPG
   PG
   4UBLF ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ίετ͕͔͔Δ ϒϩοΫΛ࡞Δਓ͸ͦͷதʹࣗ෼ʹѼͯͨ Ծ૝௨՟ͰͷใुΛॻ͖ࠐΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ ͦͷϒϩοΫ͕༗ޮͳྺ࢙ͷதʹ͋Δ৔߹ʹ ݶΓใु΋༗ޮͱͳΔ τϥϯβΫγϣϯͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ͨΊͷޮ཰తͳํ๏͕ఏڙ͞ΕΔ ਖ਼౰ੑ ଘࡏੑ །Ұੑ Proof of Work ( ) . . . → — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.5/70
6. 1. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.6/70
7. (Hyperledger ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) IoT / / ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.7/70
8. : . . . : Proof of Existence, Everledger, . . . ( ) : ( ) (Ethereum ( ) ) ( ) ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.8/70
9. ( ) จ
   
   ॻ  จ
   
   ॻ  จ
   
   ॻ  จ ॻ  จ
   
   ॻ O μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ ح਺ͷ৔߹͸ ෳ੡͢Δ ɾจॻ 
   ΛಘͨΫϥΠΞϯτ͸ɺಉ࣌ʹূ໌ཁૉͱͯ͠ɺϒϧʔͰࣔ͞ΕΔμΠδΣετͱ֤ʑ͕ࠨӈͷͲͪΒʹҐஔ͢Δ͔Λड͚औΔɻ ɾΫϥΠΞϯτ͸จॻ  ͷμΠδΣετ͔Β࢝Ίͯɺ࿈݁͢΂͖Ұ࿈ͷμΠδΣετΛ஌Δ͜ͱʹͳΔͷͰɺϚʔΫϧϧʔτʹࢸΔ·Ͱͷ ɹܭࢉΛ࠶ݱͰ͖ɺಘΒΕͨϚʔΫϧϧʔτ͕ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯʹه࿥͞Ε͍ͯΔ஋ͱҰக͢Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͰ͖Δɻ ɾͦͷܭࢉ͸ݪཧͷཧղͱඞཁͳ৘ใ͕͋Ε͹୭Ͱ΋࠶ݱͰ͖Δ  จॻ  ͷଘࡏͱͦͷ಺༰͸ূ໌͞ΕΔɻ ˞
   μΠδΣετ͸ݩͷσʔλ͕ ɹ
   
   ϏοτͰ΋ҟͳΔͱશ͘ҟͳΔ ɹ
   ஋ͱͳΓɺ·ͨɺμΠδΣετ ɹ
   ͔ΒݩͷσʔλΛਪଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ ɹ
   Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ ˞
   ਺ઍɾ਺ສͷจॻΛϚʔΫϧ໦ʹͯ͠΋ ɹ
   ͦͷ໦ͷߴ͞͸ߴʑ
   ʙ ఔ౓ ه࿥͢Δ ಡΈग़ͤΔ ূ໌Λ ඞཁͱ͢Δऀʹ ։ࣔ͞ΕΔ৘ใ ެ։͞ΕΔ৘ใ ϚʔΫϧϧʔτ Ϛ ồ Ϋ ϧ ໦
   γ ε ς Ϝ ͕ อ ؅ ͠ ֤ Ϣ ồ β ʹ ෦ ෼ త ʹ ఻ ͑ Δ ʜʜ ʜʜ ʜʜ ʜʜ ʜʜ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ μΠδΣετ ϒϩοΫνΣʔϯ ʜ ʜ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.9/70
10. 2. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.10/70
11. (Bitcoin; 2009 1 ∼2021 6 ) 2 → 2 2 → → — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.11/70
12. vs. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.12/70
13. The DAO ( ) Ethereum The DAO Split ( ) 360 ETH (50∼60 ) (2016/6/17) ( → ) ( → ; ) ( ) (2016/7/20 ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.13/70
14. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.14/70
15. : ⇒ ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.15/70
16. Ethereum Ether Ether Ether ( ) Ether Ether ( ) . . . . . . BTC ⇒ ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.16/70
17. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.17/70
18. ( ) ( ) ( vs. ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( : BBc-1) : : — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.18/70
19. Ethereum ( ) ( ) ⇒ (Casper) ( ) ⇒ ZoE (Zcash on Ethereum) ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ Plasma ( ) ⇒ ( ) (Benevolent Dictator For Life (BDFL)) ( ) ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.19/70
20. BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ⇒ ( ) ⇒ ( vs. ) ( ) ⇒ DHT ( ) ⇒ ( ) ( ) ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.20/70
21. / Bitcoin, Ethereum LT BBc-1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ެڞۭؒ ɾτϥϯβΫγϣϯͷূڌΛແؔ܎ͳྺ࢙͕อ༗ ɾͲΕ͔ͷ୆ாΛແໃ६ʹॻ͖׵͑ͯ΋ূڌ͕࢒Δ τϥϯβΫγϣϯ ୆ா υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ υϝΠϯ ϩʔΧϧۭؒ Ethereum ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.21/70
22. 3. : https://news.denfaminicogamer.jp/interview/gameai_miyake — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.22/70
23. ( ) (by ) (since 1984) ( ) ( ) ( ) . . . ( ) ⇒ . . . — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.23/70
24. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Remember? , , , (by ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.24/70
25. Q. ( ) ( = / = ) ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.25/70
26. ( ) ( ) ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.26/70
27. ( ) ( ) / / — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.27/70
28. — ( ) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.28/70
29. . . . Ethereum https://speakerdeck.com/ks91/introduction-to-bbc-1-and-ethereum-f1a5d202-36fe-4a4f-9536-d01e66d51f83 https://speakerdeck.com/ks91/bbc-1-and-ethereum-exercise-ii-39acc9be-9ec2-4fc1-ad3d-d2cca737fa09 — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.29/70
30. 4. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.30/70
31. 4. 2021 6 24 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Discord ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.31/70
32. . . . . . . 20 18 (6/25( ) 16:00 ) ( ) / / / “ ” / / / / / / (NHK) / / / / / / / / / ( A B ) / / — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.32/70
33. SF — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.33/70
34. M 4 1 1 ES . . . — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.34/70
35. N [ ] AI ( ) AI / ⇒ ← MTRON from 1980s ↑ FinTech — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.35/70
36. T ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.36/70
37. T ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.37/70
38. K [ ] ⇒ . . . . . . — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.38/70
39. WIRED vol.25 The Power of Blockchain (2016) : 5 Family ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.39/70
40. SFC ⇒ ( ) . . . — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.40/70
41. 5. Ethereum Ethereum — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.41/70
42. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.42/70
43. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.43/70
44. ↑ . . . → vs. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.44/70
45. (by ) 1. 2. ( ) ( ) . . . cf. by McLuhan cf. by McLuhan — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.45/70
46. by ⇒ : ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.46/70
47. by ⇒ : ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.47/70
48. Ethereum EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.48/70
49. Ethereum Vitalik Buterin, “Ethereum White Paper: A NEXT GENERATION SMART CONTRACT & DECENTRALIZED APPLICATION PLATFORM” 15 = (↑ ) DApps ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.49/70
50. = ( ) run ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.50/70
51. Ether Ethereum EOA : Externally-Owned Account ( ) ( ) Ether ( ) EVM EVM = Ethereum = — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.51/70
52. EVM : Ethereum Virtual Machine Gas ( EVM = ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.52/70
53. 6. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.53/70
54. EVM : . . . : Solidity — JavaScript Vyper — Python Fe — Vyper Rust ← NEW! — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.54/70
55. Solidity ( ) pragma solidityˆ0.7.0; contract IndivisibleAsset { /* */ string public _name; string public _symbol; uint256 public _quantity; address public _owner; constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, uint256 quantity) public { _name = name; _symbol = symbol; _quantity = quantity; _owner = msg.sender; } function transfer(address to) public returns (bool) { require (_owner == msg.sender); _owner = to; return true; } } — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.55/70
56. ( , ) (constructor) (deploy) = ( ) ( ) ETH Trusted Actor Model — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.56/70
57. Ethereum (ex. ) (ex. ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.57/70
58. 7. ADEPT DeFi ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.58/70
59. ADEPT ADEPT : IBM IoT → ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.59/70
60. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.60/70
61. ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.61/70
62. DeFi ( ) (DeFi : Decentralized Finance) ⇒ ⇒ ⇒ ( ) NFT (Non-Fungible Token) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.62/70
63. 8. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.63/70
64. ERC20 ERC (Ethereum Request for Comments) 20 https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-20.md (EIP: Ethereum Improvement Proposal) contract ERC20 { function totalSupply() constant returns (uint totalSupply); function balanceOf(address _owner) constant returns (uint balance); function transfer(address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success); function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint _value) returns (bool success); function approve(address _spender, uint _value) returns (bool success); function allowance(address _owner, address _spender) constant returns (uint remaining); event Transfer(address indexed _from, address indexed _to, uint _value); event Approval(address indexed _owner, address indexed _spender, uint _value); } name/ , symbol/ , decimals/ approve allowance ERC223 ( ), ERC721 (Non-Fungible) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.64/70
65. ERC20 ERC20 ← ( ) ( ) ⇒ ERC20 ( ERC20 ) ERC20 ⇒ — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.65/70
66. (fungible) ERC20 → ERC223 (draft) or ERC777 (non-fungible) ERC721 ( ) (partially fungible) ERC1410 (draft) (ERC1400 ) (redeemable) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.66/70
67. ERC ERC1400 (draft) : Security Token Standard ERC20 ERC777 ERC1594 (draft) : Core Security Token Standard ( ) (KYC ) ERC1643 (draft) : Documnet Management Standard ERC1644 (draft) : Controller Token Standard ( ) ( ) ERC2258 (draft) : Custodial Ownership Standard ( ) ( ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.67/70
68. 9. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.68/70
69. 5. 2021 7 1 ( ) 23:59 JST Waseda Moodle (Discord ) — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.69/70
70. — 2021 8-9 — 2021-06-28 – p.70/70