フィンテック 2018夏 第3-4回「インターネットの技術とガバナンス」 / Technology and Governance of the Internet

2018年6月18日(月)、早稲田大学 大学院経営管理研究科の授業「フィンテック ─ 金融革新とインターネット」第3-4回で使用したスライドです。

Transcript

1. —
   3-4
   — 2018
   ( )
   ks91@sfc.wide.ad.jp
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.1/80
   

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2. ( )
   1 6 11 (1) •
   2 6 11 (2) •
   3 6 18 (1) •
   4 6 18 (2) •
   5 6 25 (1)
   6 6 25 (2)
   7 7 2 (1)
   8 7 2 (2)
   9 7 9 (2018 APSIG : Asia Pacific School on Internet Governance)
   10 7 9 (2018 APSIG)
   11 7 16 (1)
   12 7 16 (2)
   13 7 23 (1)
   14 7 23 (2)
   15 7 30 (1)
   16 7 30 (2)
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.2/80
   

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3. ( ) ( )
   DASF /
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.3/80
   

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4. DASF /
   https://dasf.global
   P2P OS
   (3D )
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.4/80
   

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5. 2018
   SFC ( )
   1 : 8 4 ( )∼8 ( ) [4 5 ]
   2 : 8 20 ( )∼24 ( ) [4 5 ]
   5,000 ( )
   ( )
   / /
   https://academy-camp.org/2018/06/12/acamp2018s-staff-cfp/
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.5/80
   

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6. 1.
   2.
   3. (World Wide Web ) ( )
   4. API (Application Programming Interface) ( )
   5.
   6. :
   7.
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.6/80
   

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7. 1.
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.7/80
   

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8. 1.
   (1)
   (2)
   2018 6 16 ( ) 17:59 JST
   Course N@vi
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.8/80
   

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9. 34 21
   . . .
   — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.9/80
   

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10. (tetrad) ( )
    ( )
    (= ) 4
    . . .
    ?
    . . .
    ?
    . . .
    ?
    . . .
    ?
    –
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.10/80
    

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11. ڧԽ
    ਰୀ
    ճ෮
    ൓స
    ϦΞϧλΠϜੑɺ৘ใͷ఻ୡɾอଘɺ૬ޓ࿈ܞʢࢀরʣ
    ࢈ۀؒͷ֞ࠜɺ৘ใͷඇରশੑɺ఻౷తখചۀ
    ԼႥ্ͷੈͷதɺଟ༷ੑɺϓϩγϡʔϚʔ
    ऴΘΓͷͳ͍ٕज़ֵ৽ɺిྗ໰୊ɺΞφϩάճؼ΍ࣾձੑૌٻʢ&4(ɾ4%(Tʣ
    ਓྨͷू߹஌
    ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    هԱྗ
    ࢴɺి࿩
    ஌Δݖར
    දݱͷࣗ༝
    ৘ใ֨ࠩ
    ਓؒຯ
    ৘ใ఻ୡͷۭ࣌ӽ͑
    ৘ใൃ৴ͷ༰қੑʢͩΕͰ΋ൃ৴Ͱ͖Δʣ
    ΞφϩάϝσΟΞɾి೾ϝσΟΞͳͲ
    ෺ཧతɺ๏తɺྙཧతͳ੍໿͖ͭͷ৘ใ఻ୡ
    ൓ମ੍ӡಈɺσϞɺศॴͷམॻ͖
    *P5º"* ʹΑΔϏδωεͷγϯϓϧԽͱੜ׆ऀͷ൑அͷγϯϓϧԽ
    ۭ࣌ؒؒΛ௒͑ͨίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    σʔλͷڞ༗
    ݸਓ͕ੈքʹ޲͚ͯൃ৴ऀʹͳΔ
    ϑΣΠετΡʔϑΣΠεͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    ϖʔύʔϨε
    ϦΞϧɾϥΠϒ
    ϚεϝσΟΞภॏͷ৘ใ͔Βऔࣺબ୒ͷϦςϥγʔ
    ࢓ࣄɾίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ࣌ؒͷޮ཰Խ
    ωοτதಟ
    ωοτ൜ࡑ
    ಗ໊ͷ඄ᨱதই
    ࠜڌͷͳ͍৘ใͷྲྀ෍
    ίϯϐϡʔλʔͷॲཧೳྗͷൃల
    σδλϧԽ
    ৘ใͷ୳͠΍͢͞
    ਓͷهԱྗ
    Մॲ෼࣌ؒ
    ৘ใΛ୳࣌ؒ͢ͷ૿େ
    ৘ใͷڞ༗Խɺ৘ใऔಘίετͷ௿Լɺಗ໊ੑ
    ෺ཧతʹଘࡏ͢Δॻ੶ɺ
    ೔ຊ༣ศגࣜձࣾʢखࢴʣ
    ৘ใͷਅِ͕ෆ໌ɺ৘ใͷ൙ཞʹΑΔ৘ใ֬ೝίετͷ૿େɺ
    σδλϧσόΠυɺIBDLJOHɺϓϩύΧϯμ
    ৘ใͷਅِΛ͔֬ΊΔͨΊॻ੶΍จॻʢిࢠԽʣ
    ɺ
    ૢ࡞͕༰қͳσόΠεͷొ৔ʢ"NB[POFDIPʣ
    ɺ
    ৘ใηΩϡϦςΟͷͨΊ֎෦ճઢͱ੾அ
    ਓͱͷͭͳ͕Γ
    ର໘Ͱͷ΍ΓͱΓ
    ஍ཧతʹԕ͍ਓͱͷͭͳ͕Γ
    ໘ࣝͷͳ͍ਓͱͷͭͳ͕Γ
    ৘ใͷऔಘɾڞ༗ͷ༰қੑɺऔಘίετ
    ৘ใͷਖ਼֬ੑ
    ΞφϩάͷϝσΟΞഔମ
    ৘ใͷެฏੑʢ஌Δݖརʣ
    ɺඇରশੑ
    ৘ใͷෆ࣮֬ੑʢ৘ใྔ͕ଟ͗ͯ͢ਖ਼͍͠৘ใ͕ຒ΋ΕΔʩ
    ৘ใൃ৴ɾ఻ୡɾऩूྗ
    ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯྖҬ֦େ
    ࢴ໘৘ใഔମ
    ి࿩ճઢ
    ৘ใൃ৴֊૚ͷ֦େ
    ಗ໊ੑ
    ϑΟϯςοΫ
    αΠόʔ൜ࡑ
    ৘ใεϐʔυ
    άϩʔόϧԽ
    ׆ࣈഔମ
    ৘ใͷެฏੑ
    ϓϥΠόγʔͷऑମԽ
    Ձ஋؍ͷۉҰԽ
    ৘ใ఻ୡεϐʔυˠܦࡁεϐʔυ
    όʔνϟϧऔҾ
    ଟ༷ੑ
    ಗ໊ੑ
    ର໘Ͱͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    ࢴഔମ
    ϚεϝσΟΞ
    ॴ༗ཉ
    େऺจԽ
    ෼͚߹͏จԽ
    ݸਓؒऔҾ
    ਓؒͷෆࣗ༝͞
    ৘ใͷॏཁੑ૿େˠ৘ใʹΑΔࢧ഑ˠݸਓͷಛఆ
    ˠݟ͑ΔԽɾ਺஋Խ ৴༻ࢦ਺ɺυϥΠϒςΫχοΫ౳
    ˠݦ໊ੑͷڧԽ
    "3ɾ73 ٕज़޲্ˠݱ࣮ͱόʔνϟϧͷڥ໨͕ͳ͘ͳΔ
    ͓͢͢Ίػೳ޲্ˠਓ͕ؒߟ͑Δ͜ͱΛࢭΊɺ"* ʹै͏෦෼͕ଟ͘ͳΔ
    ՟ฎՁ஋ͷਰୀˠ৴༻ɾτʔΫϯͷོ੝
    ৘ใͷൃ৴ͱऔಘͷ༰қੑ
    άϩʔόϧԽɺϦΞϧλΠϜ
    ࠃՈ ಛݖ֊ڃ ಛఆۀछʹΑΔ৘ใͷಠ઎ɺ
    ϧʔϧͷ੍ఆɹɹɹࢿຊओٛͷՁ஋؍
    GBDFUPGBDF ͷਓؒΒ͍͠ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    ݸਓͷࣗ༝ɺެฏ
    Ձ஋؍ͷଟ༷ੑ
    ࣗݾ੹೚ͷࣾձ
    Ϟϥϧϋβʔυɺ
    αΠόʔςϩͷڴҖɺ
    ϦεΫͷڊେԽ ࿈࠯Խ
    ਓؒΒ͍ࣾ͠ձ΁ͷׇ๬
    ৘ใͷऔಘɾڞ༗
    ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    σδλϧ௨՟ɺϑΟϯςοΫ౳
    ৘ใ͕ଟ͗͢Δ
    ਓͱਓͷަྲྀ͕ճ෮ͨ͠
    ϑΣΠΫͰͳ͍χϡʔε
    ࣮ࡍͷަྲྀ
    ৘ใྔɺ৘ใ୳ࡧྗɺεϐʔυ
    ݸਓͷઐ໳ੑ
    ࿦ཧ
    ݖྗऀɺ৘ใڧऀʢϝσΟΞ΍ઐ໳Ոʣ
    ৘ใͷ࣮֬ੑ
    গ਺ҙݟʢ֦ࢄʹΑΓେऺԽ PS Ԍ্ʹΑΓ௵͞ΕΔʣ
    ΞΠσϯςΟςΟ
    ڝ૪
    རӹॏࢹʢࢿຊओٛͷਪਐʣ
    ࢥߟྗɺ௚ײ
    ࣮ߦྗ
    ྙཧ
    ௐ࿨
    େྔͷ৘ใΛه࿥ɾอଘ͠ɺ؆୯ʹڞ༗Ͱ͖Δɻ
    ෆಛఆଟ਺ͷਓ͕؆୯ʹͭͳ͕ΕΔʢίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ͕ͱΕΔʣ
    ৘ใ͕ه࿥͞Εͨࢴ
    ৘ใ͕อଘ͞Εͨϋʔυ΢ΣΞ
    Թ΋Γ
    άϩʔόϦθʔγϣϯ
    ݸਓͷදݱ
    ωοτϫʔΫ্ʹ΋͏Ұਓͷʮࣗ෼ʯ͕Ͱ͖Δ
    ৘ใ࿙Ӯඃ֐
    ײಈମݧ
    ܈ूߦಈ
    ৘ใͷ෼ࢄ
    ݖྗऀʹΑΔ৘ใͷಠ઎
    ݸͷྗͷ࠷େԽ
    தԝʹཔΒͳ͍࣏ࣗͷཱ֬
    ৘ใͷެฏੑɺػձͷެฏੑɺݸਓͷӨڹྗ
    ৘ใ֨ࠩɾػձ֨ࠩɺ৘ใͷඇରশੑΛର৅ͱ͢Δதൈ͖Ϗδωε
    ૬ޓැॿͷίϛϡχςΟɾۙॴ͖͍ͮ͋
    ৘ใͷ৴ጪੑͷ௿Լɺڞײɾ஌໊౓ɾײँͷܦࡁతՁ஋Խ
    άϩʔόϧωοτϫʔΫ
    ιʔγϟϧωοτϫʔΫ
    རศੑɾେྔԽɾޮ཰ੑɾσʔλͷߴ଎Խ
    ੜ਎ͷਓؒͱͷ͔͔ΘΓ
    ࠃɾԕִ஍ͷਓؒͱͷ઀৮
    ແళฮɾແਓԽ
    ̖̞ͱͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    ηΩϡϦςΟ؅ཧ
    ৘ใྔɺ৘ใεϐʔυɺඇର໘ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯɺσδλϧ࢈ۀ
    ରਓίϛϡχέʔγϣϯɺϓϥΠόγʔɺࢴʢखࢴɾຊɾࡶࢽʣ
    ɺి࿩ɺ57
    ৘ใͷൃ৴ػձɺ৘ใͷଟ༷ੑʢෆ࣮֬ੑʣ
    ใ࿙ӮɺҾ͖͜΋ΓɺωοτԌ্
    ৘ใͷྲྀ௨ͱؒ઀తͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷ૿Ճ
    ࢴഔମͱ௚઀తͳίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    Ո଒΍༑ਓͱͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ
    ৘ใ֨ࠩ
    ৘ใͷσδλϧԽ
    ݸਓͷ৘ใൃ৴ྗɺ৘ใऩूྗ
    ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯͷࣗ༝౓
    ɹ ৔ॴʹΑΔ੍ݶΛड͚ͳ͍
    
    ࠃՈʹΑΔ৘ใ౷੍ྗ
    ఻ୡʹ࣌ؒΛཁ͢Δ௨৴खஈ खࢴ౳
    
    ࢴഔମ
    ର໘ͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ ਎ମͷ߆ଋ
    
    ࣗ༝ͳൃ૝ɺൃ৴ɺΠϊϕʔγϣϯ
    Ի੠ഔମ
    ࣗ༝ͳҠಈ
    "*
    ྙཧͷ໌จԽɺՁ஋؍ͷू໿
    αΠόʔηΩϡϦςΟ
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.11/80
    

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12. :
    End-to-End,
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.12/80
    

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13. S
    2
    P2P
    ⇒
    . . .
    ( )
    ( ) ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.13/80
    

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14. K
    ⇒
    ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.14/80
    

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15. F
    ⇒
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.15/80
    

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16. W
    ⇒
    ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.16/80
    

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17. N
    /
    /
    ⇒
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.17/80
    

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18. F
    ( )
    ⇒
    ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.18/80
    

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19. F
    (
    A B A C C B )
    (BtoB)
    ( )
    ⇒ ( )
    ( )
    Coinhive
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.19/80
    

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20. 2.
    ←
    TCP/IP
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.20/80
    

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21. 1
    : ( )
    (65 (0x41)) (97 (0x61))
    ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
    32 (0x20)
    2
    : CD ( )
    44.1kHz 16bit
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.21/80
    

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22. →
    USB
    USB (Universal Serial Bus)
    →
    →
    →
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.22/80
    

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23. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.23/80
    

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24. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.24/80
    

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25. photo by nikoretro
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.25/80
    

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26. Communication
    1. The exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech,
    signals, writing, or behavior.
    2. Interpersonal rapport.
    — “The American Heritage Dictionary”
    . . .
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.26/80
    

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27. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.27/80
    

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28. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.28/80
    

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29. Photo by SLU Madrid Campus
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.29/80
    

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30. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.30/80
    

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31. Protocol
    1. The forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads
    of state.
    2. Computer Science A standard procedure for regulating data
    transmission between computers.
    — “The American Heritage Dictionary”
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.31/80
    

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32. OSI
    OSI : Open Systems Interconnection
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.32/80
    

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33. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.33/80
    

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34. Network
    1. An extended group of people with similar interests or concerns who
    interact and remain in informal contact for mutual assistance or support.
    2. Computer Science A system of computers interconnected by
    telephone wires or other means in order to share information.
    — “The American Heritage Dictionary”
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.34/80
    

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35. ××
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.35/80
    

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36. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.36/80
    

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37. TCP/IP
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.37/80
    

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38. TCP/IP
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.38/80
    

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39. IP
    ←
    TCP
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.39/80
    

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40. TCP/IP ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.40/80
    

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41. IP
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.41/80
    

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42. (centralized) (decentralized) (distributed)
    Paul Baran, “On Distributed Communications Networks”, 1964
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.42/80
    

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43. ( )
    RFC 1149 (A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers)
    IP over Everything
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.43/80
    

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44. IP — Wikipedia
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.44/80
    

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45. (1)
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.45/80
    

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46. (2)
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.46/80
    

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47. IP
    IP router
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.47/80
    

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48. 3. ( )
    World Wide Web
    World Wide Web
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.48/80
    

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49. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.49/80
    

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50. /
    2
    :
    :
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.50/80
    

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51. ( )
    (X window)
    (SMTP/POP)
    (NNTP)
    (FTP)
    (IRC)
    (gopher)
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.51/80
    

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52. ⇓
    WWW : World Wide Web
    → (by Ted Nelson, 1963, 1974)
    (web)
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.52/80
    

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53. World Wide Web
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.53/80
    

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54. World Wide Web
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.54/80
    

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55. World Wide Web
    1989 CERN Tim Berners-Lee
    1990 WWW WWW NeXT
    HTML 1.0
    1991 WWW
    1993 Mark Andreessen Mosaic
    WWW
    1994 Tim Berners-Lee W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
    1995 HTML 2.0
    2014 HTML5
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.55/80
    

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56. World Wide Web
    HTTP
    HyperText Transfer Protocol
    HTML
    HTML
    Hyper Text Markup Language
    Web
    W3C
    URI
    Uniform Resource Identifier
    ( )
    URL(Uniform Resource Locator) URI
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.56/80
    

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57. URL ( )
    http
    http ://www
    .
    google
    .
    com: 80 /search?q = refrigerator
    ( )
    http 80
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.57/80
    

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58. HTTP
    $ telnet www.waseda.jp 80
    GET / HTTP/1.1
    Host: www.waseda.jp
    User-Agent: telnet
    Accept: text/html
    Accept-Language: ja-jp
    Connection: close
    OS telnet
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.58/80
    

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59. HTTP
    1 1 ( )
    →
    . . .
    etc.
    URL
    HTTP cookie
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.59/80
    

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60. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.60/80
    

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61. World Wide Web
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.61/80
    

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62. World Wide Web
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    ( )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.62/80
    

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63. 4. API ( )
    API : Application Programming Interface
    Web API : HTTP API
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.63/80
    

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64. REST (Representational State Transfer)
    /
    POST, GET, PUT, DELETE vs. CRUD
    URI
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.64/80
    

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65. 5.
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.65/80
    

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66. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.66/80
    

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67. (roundabout; )
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.67/80
    

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68. ISOC (Internet Society)
    IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
    ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)
    ASO (The Address Supporting Organization)
    GNSO (Generic Names Supporting Organization)
    ccNSO (Country Code Names Supporting Organization)
    IGF (Internet Governance Forum)
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69. IETF
    IETF
    — IETF
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.69/80
    

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70. IETF
    ( )
    — David Clark
    — Jon Postel
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71. . . .
    — 1999-07-07
    From “DOCUMENT LIFE a ryuichi sakamoto opera 1999”
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72. . . .
    (alternatives)
    — Robert Elliot Kahn, 2004-11
    ( )
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73. 10
    (1)
    (2) ( )
    (3)
    (4)
    (5)
    (6)
    (7)
    (8)
    (9) End-to-End
    (10)
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74. —
    (1)
    (2)
    (3)
    (4)
    /
    . . .
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75. —
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.75/80
    

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76. (e-mail)
    (EV) ←
    (e-publishing)
    ← WWW
    (e-money)
    ←
    (e-government)
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.76/80
    

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77. 6. :
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78. 7.
    — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.78/80
    

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79. 2.
    (1) (end; )
    (2)
    2018 6 23 ( ) 17:59 JST
    Course N@vi
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80. — 2018 3-4 — 2018-06-18 – p.80/80
    

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