JVM is container without runtime also, there's plenty of platforms which works on non- containerized environment K8S uses container runtime can use VMs by kata containers or firecracker but not native processes actually, they are container-compatible VM runtimes 6
with jps/jstack take heap dump attach debugger, profiler K8S Debugging is far from complete Debugging with an ephemeral debug container / Kubernetes v1.18 [alpha] 7