Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications

Deck of slides used in the presentation of a catalog of energy patterns at ESEC/FSE2019.
In this work, we inspect commits, issues and pull requests of 1027 Android and 756 iOS apps to identify common practices when improving energy efficiency. This analysis yielded a catalog, available online, with 22 design patterns related to improving the energy efficiency of mobile apps. We argue that this catalog might be of relevance to other domains such as Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things. As a side contribution, an analysis of the differences between Android and iOS devices shows that the Android community is more energy-aware.
Preprint: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03302
Online catalog: https://tqrg.github.io/energy-patterns/

Transcript

1. Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu ESEC/FSE 2019 @luismcruz @ruimaranhao J1C2
3. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Mobile Apps need to be energy-efficient • Developers need to ensure the energy efficiency of their apps • Measuring energy consumption is a complex task • Developers are not aware of energy efficiency best practices
 [D. Li and Halfond, 2014; Robillard and Medvidovic, 2016]
4. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Methodology Collect Changes With Potential Interest /.*(energy|power|battery).*/ F-droid Curated Lists App Collection Manual Refinement of Subjects of Interest Thematic Analysis Catalog of Energy Patterns 22 patterns 1783 apps 1563 changes 431 reusable changes 6028 changes
5. Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu (2018). Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications, Thematic Analysis 5 1. Familiarization with data 2. Generating initial labels 3. Reviewing themes 4. Defining and naming themes
6. Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu (2018). Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications, Thematic Analysis 5 1. Familiarization with data 2. Generating initial labels 3. Reviewing themes 4. Defining and naming themes
7. Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu (2018). Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications, Thematic Analysis 5 1. Familiarization with data 2. Generating initial labels 3. Reviewing themes 4. Defining and naming themes
8. Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu (2018). Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications, Thematic Analysis 5 1. Familiarization with data 2. Generating initial labels 3. Reviewing themes 4. Defining and naming themes
9. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Catalog of Energy Patterns Catalog of Energy Patterns • Context, Solution, Example, Occurrences, References • https://tqrg.github.io/energy-patterns
10. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Dark UI Colors Provide a dark UI color theme to save battery on devices with AMOLED screens. • Context: […] Apps that require heavy usage of screen can have a substantial negative impact on battery life. • Solution: Provide a UI theme with dark background colors. […] • Example: In a reading app, provide a theme with a dark background using light colors to display text. […]
11. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Batch Operations • Context: Executing operations separately leads to extraneous tail energy consumptions • Solution: Bundle multiple operations in a single one. […] • Example: Use system provided APIs to schedule background tasks. These APIs, guarantee that device will exit sleep mode only when there is a reasonable amount of work to do or when a given task is urgent. […]
12. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Validation of Patterns @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications More in the paper
13. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications X
14. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications X Energy Patterns are more Frequent in Android Apps
15. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications X
16. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications X
17. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Chord Diagram
18. @luismcruz @ruimaranhao Catalog of Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications Chord Diagram Dominant patterns: User Knows Best: Power Save Mode, Power Awareness, Decrease Rate, Avoid Extraneous Work, and Race To Idle. 
 Avoid Extraneous Work: Race-to-Idle, Push Over Poll, Decrease Rate, and User Knows Best.
19. Luis Cruz, Rui Abreu (2018). Energy Patterns for Mobile Applications, Conclusion • We studied the commits, issues and pull requests of 1783 mobile apps • We defined 22 energy patterns present in 161 mobile apps • The catalog of energy patterns will help mobile app designers and developers ship energy efficient apps • Efforts to improve energy efficiency are more common within Android apps (25%) than iOS apps (10%) • Developers often resort to the energy patterns Dark UI Colors, Race-to-idle, Avoid Extraneous Work, User Knows Best, and Decrease Rate 12
20. ICST 2020 will be held in Porto, Portugal Hybrid Measurements