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bellman方程式の導出.pdf

m_nshr
February 16, 2019
1
1.1k

 bellman方程式の導出.pdf

Deriving Bellman equations

m_nshr

February 16, 2019
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Transcript

  1. #FMMNBOํఔࣜͷಋग़ .BUI$PEJOHڧԽֶशΛޠΖ͏ 

  2. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  3. ڧԽֶशͷ໨తͱ͸ 5IBUBMMPGXIBUXFNFBOCZHPBMTBOEQVSQPTFTDBOCF XFMMUIPVHIUPGBTNBYJNJ[BUJPOPGUIFFYQFDUFEWBMVF PGUIFDVNVMBUJWFTVNPGBSFDFJWFETDBMBSTJHOBM DBMMFESFXBSE 4VUUPO#BSUP  3FXBSE)ZQPUIFTJT ྦྷੵใुͷ࠷େԽ

  4. Gt ≐ Rt+1 + γ Rt+2 + γ2 Rt+3 +

    ⋯ = ∞ ∑ k=0 γkRt+1+k = Rt+1 + γ ∞ ∑ k=0 γkRt+1+k+1 = Rt+1 + γGt+1 ˡʹண໨ S0 π A0 → R1 → S1 π A1 → R2 → S2 π ⋯ ྦྷੵใु ऩӹ γ ∈ [0,1]

  5. ϕϧϚϯ࠷దੑͷݪཧ ࠶ؼతߏ଄Λ࣋ͭ໰୊ ࠷దͳํࡦ͸ɺॳظঢ়ଶͱॳظܾఆ͕ͲΜͳ΋ͷͰ͋Εɺͦͷ݁Ռಘ ΒΕΔ࣍ͷঢ়ଶʹؔͯ͠ɺҎ߱ͷܾఆ͕ඞͣ࠷దํࡦʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱ ͍͏ੑ࣭Λ΋ͭɻ ࢀরɿɹ#FMMNBO ɺ$IBQ*** 1SJODJQMFPG0QUJNBMJUZ ಈతܭը๏ %1

    Ͱղ͚Δ ͔΋͠Εͳ͍

  6. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  7. ه߸ͷ४උ ํࡦ ঢ়ଶભҠ֬཰ π(a|s) ≐ (At = a|St = s)

    p(s′|s, a) ≐ (St+1 = s′|St = s, At = a) r(s, a, s′) ≐ [Rt+1 |St = s, At = a, St+1 = s′] ˠঢ়ଶTͰߦಈBΛબ୒͢Δ֬཰ ˠঢ়ଶTͰߦಈBΛબ୒ͯ࣍͠ঢ়ଶT`ʹભҠ͢Δ֬཰ ˠঢ়ଶTͰߦಈBΛબ୒ͯ࣍͠ঢ়ଶT`ʹભҠͨ͠৔߹ͷଈ࣌ใुͷظ଴஋ ؀ڥͷμΠφϛΫε FOWJSPONFOU`TEZOBNJDT ଈ࣌ใु ใुؔ਺

  8. Ձ஋ؔ਺ zঢ়ଶzՁ஋ؔ਺ lঢ়ଶɾߦಈzՁ஋ؔ਺ Vπ(s) ≐ π [Gt |St = s]

    Qπ(s, a) ≐ π [Gt |St = s, At = a] ྆ऀͷؔ܎ Vπ(s) ≐ π [Gt |St = s] = ∑ a π(a|s)π [Gt |St = s, At = a] = ∑ a π(a|s)Qπ(s, a) ˡ݁Ռ

  9. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  10. Vπ(s) ≐ π [Gt |St = s] = π [Rt+1

    + γGt+1 |St = s] = ∑ a π(a|s)∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)π [Rt+1 + γGt+1 |St = s, At = a, St+1 = s′] = ∑ a π(a|s)∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γπ [Gt+1 |St = s, At = a, St+1 = s′]) = ∑ a π(a|s)∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γVπ(s′)) ˡ݁Ռ #FMMNBOํఔࣜGPS Vπ(s)

  11. Qπ(s, a) ≐ π [Gt |St = s, At =

    a] = π [Rt+1 + γGt+1 |St = s, At = a] = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)π [Rt+1 + γGt+1 |St = s, At = a, St+1 = s′] = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γπ [Gt+1 |St = s, At = a, St+1 = s′]) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γVπ(s′)) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γ∑ a′ π(a′|s′)Qπ(s′, a′)) #FMMNBOํఔࣜGPS Qπ(s, a) ˡ݁Ռ ˣ݁ՌΛ୅ೖ ˡ݁Ռ

  12. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  13. #BDLVQEJBHSBN ɾঢ়ଶͱߦಈͷܥྻΛਤͰද͢ ɾ˓͸ঢ়ଶɺ˔͸ߦಈ ·ͨ͸ঢ়ଶɾߦಈର Λද͢ ɾϧʔτϊʔυͷՁ஋Λܭࢉ͢Δ࣌ʹ࢖͏ ɾϧʔτϊʔυ Ұ൪্ͷϊʔυ ͷՁ஋͕ ͲΜͳཁૉ͔Β੒Γཱ͍ͬͯΔ͔Λදݱ͠

    ͍ͯΔ

  14. #BDLVQEJBHSBNͰ #FMMNBOํఔࣜΛ֬ೝ Vπ(s) = ∑ a π(a|s)Qπ(s, a) Qπ(s, a)

    = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γVπ(s′)) π(a|s) Vπ(s) s a1 a2 Qπ(s, a1 ) Qπ(s, a2 ) Qπ(s, a) p(s′|s, a) (s, a) r(s, a, s′1 ) s′1 s′2 r(s, a, s′2 ) ˠ݁Ռ ࠶ Vπ(s′1 ) Vπ(s′2 ) ˠ݁Ռ ࠶

  15. #BDLVQEJBHSBNͰ #FMMNBOํఔࣜΛ֬ೝ Vπ(s) = ∑ a π(a|s)Qπ(s, a) = ∑

    a π(a|s)∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γVπ(s′)) Qπ(s, a) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γVπ(s′)) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γ∑ a′ π(a′|s′)Qπ(s′, a′)) Vπ(s) Vπ(s′) Qπ(s, a) Qπ(s, a) Qπ(s′, a′) π ˠ݁Ռ ࠶ p p r(s, a, s′) π(a|s) Vπ(s′) r(s, a, s′) ˣ݁ՌΛ୅ೖ ˠ݁Ռ ࠶

  16. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  17. ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ V*(s) = max π Vπ(s) for any Q*(s, a)

    = max π Qπ(s, a) for any s ∈ s ∈ , a ∈ ɾ͜ͷؔ܎Λຬͨ͢ ͕গͳ͘ͱ΋ͭଘࡏ͢Δ ࠷దํࡦ ɾ͜ͷ ʹΑͬͯɺऩӹͷ࠷େԽ͕ୡ੒͞ΕΔ π π

  18. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  19. #BDLVQEJBHSBNͰ #FMMNBO࠷దํఔࣜΛ֬ೝ V*(s) = ∑ a π(a|s) max a Q*(s,

    a) Q*(s, a) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γV*(s′)) V*(s) = max a ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γV*(s′)) Q*(s, a) = ∑ s′ p(s′|s, a)(r(s, a, s′) + γ max a′ Q*(s′, a′)) max a max a max a max a

  20. ໨࣍ ͸͡Ίʹ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷಋೖ Ձ஋ؔ਺ͷఆ͔ٛΒ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋग़ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛΈΔ ࠷దՁ஋ؔ਺ͷ঺հ #BDLVQEJBHSBN͔Β࠷దՁ஋؍਺ΛΈΔ ·ͱΊ

  21. ·ͱΊ ɾ΍ͬͨ͜ͱ ˠ#FMMNBOํఔࣜΛಋ͘ ɾ͜ͷํఔ͕ࣜͨͪղ͚ΔέʔεͰ͸࠷దղ͕ಘΒΕΔ ˠ%ZOBNJD1SPHSBNNJOH #FMMNBO࠷దੑͷݪཧ ɾ௨ৗ͸ɺ͍Ζ͍Ζͳཧ༝Ͱ%1ͷ࣮ߦ͸ෆՄೳ ˠαϯϓϦϯάతख๏ͷग़൪ .POUF$BSMP๏ɺ5%๏ͳͲ ɾͨͩ͠ɺଟ͘ͷΞϧΰϦζϜ͸ɺ#FMMNBOํఔࣜͷۙࣅతͳղ๏ͱͯ͠

    ཧղͰ͖Δ ˠ.$ͱ5%ɺ4BSTBͱ2MFBSOJOHͷಈ࡞ͷҧ͍ͳͲʹ͍ͭͯ #FMMNBOํఔࣜͷ؍఺͔Β΋ཧղͰ͖Δ

  22. ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠