Sustainability in Software Engineering - JavaLand 2021 Conference

Transcript

1. ©2020 VMware, Inc.
   Sustainability in
   Software Engineering
   How to make a difference
   Martin Lippert
   Spring Tools Lead, MAPBU, VMware
   March 2021
   

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2. 2
   ©2020 VMware, Inc.
   Climate change is real.
   There is no need to argue about whether
   climate change exists, is human made, or
   life-threatening – all this is real and urgent.
   We need to stop climate change, not
   discuss whether it is real or not.
   

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   ©2020 VMware, Inc.
   This is a huge challenge, and
   we can make a huge
   difference.
   Software is eating the world and can have a
   huge impact. Let’s not wait for others to
   solve the problem. Everybody is involved –
   we all share the same responsibility.
   

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4. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 4
   Contributions to
   climate change
   Greenhouse gases:
   • CO2: 74.36% (carbon)
   • CH4: 17.32%
   • N20: 6.19%
   • F-Gas: 2.13%
   

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5. We need to
   decarbonize the entire
   world of software
   engineering.
   

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6. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 6
   Employee
   Commute
   Energy
   Production
   Business
   Travel
   Food in the
   office
   Hardware
   Hardware
   Production
   Heating /
   Cooling
   Data Center
   Operation
   Network Traffic
   CPU Cycles
   Memory
   Consumption SWAG
   production
   Shipping /
   Transport
   Energy
   consumption
   There is a wide range of topics
   

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7. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 7
   89%
   7%
   4%
   Energy - 89%
   Land-use - 7%
   Industrial
   processes - 4%
   What causes carbon emissions?
   

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   Energy Production
   

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9. The energy question.
   We need 100% renewable energy.
   This will take a very long time.
   And we don‘t have a very long
   time.
   

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10. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 10
    Increase renewable energy
    production
    Decrease energy consumption
    We need to tackle this from both sides
    

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11. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 11
    Electricity
    Generation
    Losses: 60%
    40 Watts
    Data Center
    Losses: 30%
    Server Losses: 80%
    28 Watts
    100 Watts
    <5 Watts
    Useful
    Computing
    Source: Rocky Mountain Institute
    Impact of saving energy
    

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    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Energy Consumption
    

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13. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 13
    Employee
    Commute
    Energy
    Production
    Business
    Travel
    Food in the
    office
    Hardware
    Hardware
    Production
    Heating /
    Cooling
    Data Center
    Operation
    Network Traffic
    CPU Cycles
    Memory
    Consumption SWAG
    production
    Shipping /
    Transport
    Energy
    consumption
    Energy consumption
    

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14. 14
    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Rule of thumb:
    Try to run your software with less hardware.
    

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    Step 0: Virtualize to use less hardware.
    

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16. • Hardware production consumes
    lots of energy and resources.
    • Buying less hardware is
    cheaper and better for the
    environment.
    

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    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Step 1: Do not run your software.
    

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18. • Only run software when
    necessary (scale to zero).
    • Eliminate “zombies”. They
    consume energy, space, and
    hardware.
    

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19. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 19
    1. In 2019, VMware consolidated a datacenter in
    Singapore. 66% of the host machines were
    “zombies“. They were decomissioned.
    2. In a 2017 study, Jon Kooney surveyed 16,000 non-
    virtualized and virtualized physical servers, across 10
    datacenters. He concluded that 25% of the physical
    servers were “zombies“ and 30% of the virtual
    machines were “zombies“.
    Two pieces of evidence
    

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    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Step 2: Run your software using
    less energy.
    

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21. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 21
    Memory constantly consumes energy
    • 1GB RAM consumes about 2W (varying)*
    CPUs consume a lot of energy
    • Lets assume an average of 50W*
    Rule of thumb
    • Reserve less memory
    • Reserve less vCPUs
    (* average rough number, varies depending on type of RAM,
    power vs. idle mode, and other factors)
    

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22. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 22
    A real win-win situation
    Fight climate change AND
    reduce cost of operation
    

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    Where to run the software?
    

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    Choose data center in cold regions (less cooling needed)
    Choose data center where the energy mix is best (depending on solar/wind conditions)
    Dynamically reschedule when conditions change
    

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25. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 32
    Small scale: Kubernetes
    

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    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Last Resort
    Offsetting emissions
    A topic of its own
    

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27. ©2020 VMware, Inc. 41
    Offsetting is generally a good idea
    • Offsetting projects generally do good things
    • Choose the project wisely, not every offsetting project really pays off
    The important difference is:
    • Avoid emissions in the future (many offsetting projects are in this category)
    • Vs. Actively removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere
    

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28. 47
    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    “Sustainability is the next
    frontier in innovation”
    Nicola Acutt, VMware Sustainability Lead
    

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29. 48
    ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Learn more:
    Course by Microsoft:
    https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/learn/modules/sustainable-
    software-engineering-overview/
    Principles for sustainable software engineering
    https://principles.green
    

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30. ©2020 VMware, Inc.
    Thank You
    Martin Lippert
    @martinlippert
    lippertm@vmware.com
    

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