Intro Logic Unit 1

Lecture for Rutgers University 730:201:90 Spring 2014

Transcript

1. Introduction to the Course Mary Salvaggio Rutgers University Introduction to Logic 730:201:90 Spring 2014 salvaggio.mary@gmail.com January 16, 2014
2. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Outline 1 No Experience Necessary Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
3. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Outline 1 No Experience Necessary 2 Learning a Formal Language Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
4. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Outline 1 No Experience Necessary 2 Learning a Formal Language 3 Practice Makes Perfect Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
5. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Outline 1 No Experience Necessary 2 Learning a Formal Language 3 Practice Makes Perfect 4 Logic is Cumulative Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
6. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Outline 1 No Experience Necessary 2 Learning a Formal Language 3 Practice Makes Perfect 4 Logic is Cumulative 5 Weekly Checklist Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
7. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist No Experience Necessary This is an introductory logic course. No prior experience with logic or philosophy is required. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
8. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist No Experience Necessary This is an introductory logic course. No prior experience with logic or philosophy is required. Depending on your educational background, you may find some parts of the class harder or easier than others. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
9. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist No Experience Necessary This is an introductory logic course. No prior experience with logic or philosophy is required. Depending on your educational background, you may find some parts of the class harder or easier than others. This is where discussion with your classmates comes in. You will each bring different skills to the class. If you’re having trouble with a topic, don’t be afraid to ask questions. If you feel more confident about a topic, you may find that explaining it to others deepens your own understanding as well. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
10. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Learning a Formal Language In this class, you’ll be learning first order logic (FOL). Formal or artificial languages look different from natural languages like English, Mandarin, or Ancient Greek, but the basic idea is the same. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
11. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Learning a Formal Language In this class, you’ll be learning first order logic (FOL). Formal or artificial languages look different from natural languages like English, Mandarin, or Ancient Greek, but the basic idea is the same. Like any other language, you will learn: Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
12. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Learning a Formal Language In this class, you’ll be learning first order logic (FOL). Formal or artificial languages look different from natural languages like English, Mandarin, or Ancient Greek, but the basic idea is the same. Like any other language, you will learn: Syntax (grammar): the rules for forming sentences or expressions Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
13. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Learning a Formal Language In this class, you’ll be learning first order logic (FOL). Formal or artificial languages look different from natural languages like English, Mandarin, or Ancient Greek, but the basic idea is the same. Like any other language, you will learn: Syntax (grammar): the rules for forming sentences or expressions Semantics (meaning): the meanings of those sentences (expressions) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
14. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
15. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
16. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 2 + 2 = 4 is a mathematical expression, but 32 + /5 = 10 is not. 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
17. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 2 + 2 = 4 is a mathematical expression, but 32 + /5 = 10 is not. Semantics (meaning): 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
18. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 2 + 2 = 4 is a mathematical expression, but 32 + /5 = 10 is not. Semantics (meaning): 2 + 2 = 4 is true and 2 + 2 = 5 is false. 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
19. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 2 + 2 = 4 is a mathematical expression, but 32 + /5 = 10 is not. Semantics (meaning): 2 + 2 = 4 is true and 2 + 2 = 5 is false. FOL is similar, as we’ll see.1 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
20. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist FOL and Math You all already know a formal language; the language of mathematics. Syntax (grammar): 2 + 2 = 4 is a mathematical expression, but 32 + /5 = 10 is not. Semantics (meaning): 2 + 2 = 4 is true and 2 + 2 = 5 is false. FOL is similar, as we’ll see.1 You’ve already learned the language of mathematics, so you CAN learn FOL. 1 In fact, the major logical issue in the beginning of the last century was trying to provide a foundation for mathematics using logic. For an accessible (graphic novel!) overview of this I recommend Logicomix. (See Optional resources in course tab.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
21. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
22. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
23. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
24. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. starting early on the homework. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
25. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. starting early on the homework. checking your work using Grade Grinder until Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
26. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. starting early on the homework. checking your work using Grade Grinder until every answer is correct, and Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
27. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. starting early on the homework. checking your work using Grade Grinder until every answer is correct, and you understand why it is correct. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
28. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Practice Makes Perfect Another thing that a logic course has in common with foreign languages and math; it takes a lot of practice to get the hang of it. Because of this, I recommend: doing all the “you try it” exercises in the textbook. starting early on the homework. checking your work using Grade Grinder until every answer is correct, and you understand why it is correct. asking for help if you’re stuck. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
29. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Logic is Cumulative In this course, later material builds on things learned earlier so it’s extremely important that you don’t fall behind. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
30. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Logic is Cumulative In this course, later material builds on things learned earlier so it’s extremely important that you don’t fall behind. If you’re having trouble, Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
31. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Logic is Cumulative In this course, later material builds on things learned earlier so it’s extremely important that you don’t fall behind. If you’re having trouble, 1 ask a question in the discussion forum, Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
32. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Logic is Cumulative In this course, later material builds on things learned earlier so it’s extremely important that you don’t fall behind. If you’re having trouble, 1 ask a question in the discussion forum, 2 send me an email, and/or Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
33. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Logic is Cumulative In this course, later material builds on things learned earlier so it’s extremely important that you don’t fall behind. If you’re having trouble, 1 ask a question in the discussion forum, 2 send me an email, and/or 3 set up a virtual meeting with me. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
34. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
35. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
36. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
37. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
38. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
39. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Read the introduction in the textbook on pages 1-11 and 26. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
40. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Read the introduction in the textbook on pages 1-11 and 26. Familiarize yourself with the course software and complete the “you try it” exercise on pgs 8-10. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
41. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Read the introduction in the textbook on pages 1-11 and 26. Familiarize yourself with the course software and complete the “you try it” exercise on pgs 8-10. Introduce yourself on the discussion forum. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
42. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Read the introduction in the textbook on pages 1-11 and 26. Familiarize yourself with the course software and complete the “you try it” exercise on pgs 8-10. Introduce yourself on the discussion forum. Ask any questions you have about the syllabus, textbook, course mechanics, etc in the course mechanics discussion section. (Located in Course Home.) Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course
43. No Experience Necessary Learning a Formal Language Practice Makes Perfect Logic is Cumulative Weekly Checklist Weekly Checklist By the end of this week (Jan 24th) you should: Read the syllabus. Read the lecture. Purchase a NEW copy of the textbook and course software (either online or a physical copy). Read the introduction in the textbook on pages 1-11 and 26. Familiarize yourself with the course software and complete the “you try it” exercise on pgs 8-10. Introduce yourself on the discussion forum. Ask any questions you have about the syllabus, textbook, course mechanics, etc in the course mechanics discussion section. (Located in Course Home.) Next week’s unit will be posted by Monday morning. Salvaggio Intro Logic Introduction to the Course