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[読み会]Learning to Explain: An Information-Theore...
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mei28
September 29, 2020
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[読み会]Learning to Explain: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on Model Interpretation
読み会資料.
Learning to Explain: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on Model Interpretation (ICML2018)
mei28
September 29, 2020
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Transcript
-FBSOJOHUP&YQMBJO"O*OGPSNBUJPO 5IFPSFUJD1FSTQFDUJWFPO.PEFM *OUFSQSFUBUJPO ಡΈձˏ ༶໌
wஶऀ w+JBOCP$IFO 6$#FSLFMFZ "OU'JOBODJBMͷΠϯλʔϯ w-F4POH (FPSHJB*OTUJUVUFPG5FDIOPMPHZ "OU'JOBODJBM
w.BSUJO+8BJOXSJHIU 6OJWFSTJUZPG$BMJGPSOJB 5IF7PMFPO(SPVQ w.JDIBFM*+PSEBO 6OJWFSTJUZPG$BMJGPSOJB wग़య*$.- จใ
wϞσϧ͕ʮஅ ग़ྗ ͷࠜڌͱͳͬͨಛʯΛઆ໌͢ΔΑ͏ͳઆ໌ϞσϧΛֶश ͢Δํ๏ΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽ wैདྷͷઆ໌ϞσϧͱҧͬͯɼҰઆ໌ϞσϧͷֶशΛߦ͑આ໌ͷੜΛຖճܭ ࢉ͠ͳ͍͍ͯ͘ͷͰඇৗʹߴɽ wબΜͩཧ༝ wࣗͷݚڀʹઆ໌Մೳ"*ΛऔΓೖΕ͍ͨͱࢥͬͨͨΊɽ w
࠷ۙϗοτͰ͋Δ͔Β ֓ཁ ͲΜͳจ
wϥϯμϜϑΥϨετ Χʔωϧ๏ɼσΟʔϓχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫͳͲෳࡶͳϞ σϧ͕ఏҊ͞ΕɼͦΕΒʹΑͬͯ༧ଌਫ਼͕ߴ·͍ͬͯΔɽ w͔͠͠ɼෳࡶͳϞσϧʹΑΔग़ྗ݁ՌΛਓ͕ؒղऍ͢Δͷࠔʹͳ͍ͬͯ Δɽ wຊจͰ༧ଌʹॏཁͳಛྔΛݟ͚ͭΔ͜ͱͰɼϞσϧͷղऍੑΛߴΊΑ͏ͱ ͍ͯ͠Δɽ ֓ཁ ݚڀഎܠ
ೖྗͷϕΫτϧʹؔͯ͠ɼਖ਼ղͷग़ྗͷޯΛٻΊΔɽٻΊͨޯΛ͍ɼೖྗ ʹϚεΫͯ͠આ໌ͱ͢Δɽ આ໌͍ͨ͠αϯϓϧͷपลͰہॴతʹ؆୯ͳࣝผϞσϧΛ࡞ΓɼͦΕΛͬͯઆ ໌Λߦ͏ɽ w -*.&%FFQ-*'5 LFSOFM4)"1ͳͲ͕͋Δɽ
֓ཁ طଘݚڀʹ͍ͭͯ
wہॴతͳઆ໌ϞσϧΛશମతʹֶश͠ɼೖྗͷߟྀʹೖΕΒΕΔɽ wہॴతͳઆ໌ϞσϧΛՃ͠ͳͯ͘ྑ͍ɽ ֓ཁ طଘݚڀͱͷҧ͍
ߩݙ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔ w ใྔΛͱʹͯ͠ɼΠϯελϯε͝ͱͷಛબ͕Ͱ͖ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛఏҊ ͨ͠ɽ w ϞσϧʹґଘͤͣޮͷΑ͍ɼಛબͷΞϧΰϦζϜΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ w ఏҊͨ͠ΞϧΰϦζϜ͕ਓσʔλͱϦΞϧσʔλͰޮՌ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛ࣮ݧͨ͠ɽ ֓ཁ
ߩݙ
wఏҊख๏ͰɼϞσϧʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ͨΊճؼɼྨϞσϧͷͲͪΒʹదԠͰ͖Δɽ ʢࠓճྨϞσϧͰߟ͑Δʣ wલఏͱͯ͠ɼϞσϧͷग़ྗΛ͖݅֬ ɼઆ໌ม ֬ม ͱ͢Δɽ w͜͜Ͱɼ૬ޓใྔΛΠϯελϯε͝ͱͷಛબͷࢦඪͱͯ͠͏ɽ
આ໌มͱબ͞Εͨಛྔͷ૬ޓใྔ͕࠷େͱͳΔ͜ͱ͕ࠓճͷඪɽ ℙm ( ⋅ ∣ x) Y X = x ∈ ℝd I(X; Y) = X,Y [log pXY (X, Y) pX (X)pY (Y) ] ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ
w पล͔Βग़ͯ͘Δɽ w ͖݅ ͔Βग़ͯ͘Δɽ w αΠζ͕ Ͱ͋Δ͖ू߹ɽಛબʹ͏ɽ
w ϋΠύʔύϥϝʔλ w ͔Β͖ू߹ʹϚοϐϯά͢Δઆ໌Ϟσϧɽ w ͰબΕͨ෦ू߹ɼ͜ΕʹΑͬͯબ͞Εͨಛͷ֬ ม ΛಘΔɽ X X ∼ ℙX ( ⋅ ) Y (Y ∣ x) ∼ ℙm ( ⋅ ∣ x) ℘k = {S ⊂ 2d ||S ∣ = k} k k ℰ ℝd S S = ℰ(x) xs ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ઃఆ
w৽͍֬͠ϕΫτϧ Λ༻͍Δͱࠓճͷత࣍ࣜΛ࠷దԽ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳ Δɽ w૬ޓใྔΛ࠷େʹ͢ΔΑ͏ͳɼಛͷ෦ۭ͕ؒࣝผϞσϧͰॏཁͳಛͰ͋ Δͱઆ໌͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ Xs ∈ Rk
ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ తؔ
wతؔΛղ͘͜ͱ͕ࠔͰ͋Δ͔ΒɼมۙࣅΛ༻͍ͯղ͘ɽ w૬ޓใྔͷԼքΛ࠷େԽ͢Δ͜ͱΛඪʹͳΔɽ ఏҊख๏
w ҰൠతͳϞσϧͰɼ͖݅ͷԼքͷظΛܭࢉ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔͰ͋Δͨ Ίɼ࣍ͷΑ͏ͳมΛఆٛ͢Δɽ w w +FOTFOͷෆࣜʹΑΓɼԼք͕࣍ͷΑ͏ʹมߋ͞ΕΔɽ w
:= {ℚ ∣ ℚ = {xS → ℚS (Y ∣ xS), S ∈ ℘k}} ఏҊख๏ มԼք
w Λ༻͍Δͱɼࠓճͷඪ͕࣍ͷΑ͏ʹมΘΔɽ w wҰൠతͳ ͷ߹ɼࣜ Λղ͘ͷ͍·ͩʹࠔͰ͋Δɽͦ͜Ͱ࠷దԽՄೳͳ ํ๏ʹม͑Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ
ℰ, ఏҊख๏ ࠷దԽ
w ΛύϥϝʔλԽ͢ΔͨΊʹɼχϡʔϥϧωοτϫʔΫΛఆٛ͢Δɽ w wࠓճఆٛͨ͠ Λ༻͍ͯɼ ͱ͢Δɽ gα
: ℝd × [c] → [0,1] where[c] = 0,1,…, c − 1 gα ℚx := gα (˜ xs , Y) ఏҊख๏ ΛύϥϝʔλԽ͢Δ
wࣜ Λਪఆ͢Δʹɼ ͜ͷ෦ۭؒΛ߹ܭ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γେมɽ w͜ΕΛղܾ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ(VNCFMTPGUNBYUSJDLΛ༻͍Δɽ wΧςΰϦΧϧΛ࿈ଓʹͳΔΑ͏ʹ؇͢Δख๏ w(VNCFMTPGUNBYUSJDLΛͬͯɼॏΈ͚ͮΒΕͨ෦ۭؒͷαϯϓϦϯάͷۙࣅ Λߦͳ͍ͬͯ͘ɽ n
Ck ఏҊख๏ αϒηοταϯϓϦϯάͷ࿈ଓ؇ Gumbel-softmax trickͷࢀߟ: http://peluigi.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/06/23/192435
w ͜ͷಛ͔Β ͜ͷಛΛαϯϓϦϯά͢Δํ๏Λ࣍ʹࣔ͢ɽ ͜ͷಛϕΫτϧΛಠཱʹ ճαϯϓϦϯάΛߦ͏ɽ ͔Ϳͬͨಛআͯ͠ΓΛ͢ɽ w͜͏͢Δͱ͍͍ͤͥ
͚ͩಛ͕Δɽ͜ΕΒΛࣜʹ͢Δͱ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ d k d k k ఏҊख๏ ಛΛL͚ͩநग़͢Δ
w࠷ऴతʹɼ࠷దԽ͢Δ͖తͷͷ࣍ͷͷͰ͋Δɽ w w ʹґଘ͠ͳ͍ͷͰ͋Δ͔Βɼ܇࿅࣌Ͱɼಉ࣌ʹޯ߱ԼΛద༻͢Δ ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ X,ζ θ,
α ఏҊख๏ ࠷ऴతͳతؔͱͦͷ࠷దԽ
wֶश͞Εͨઆ໌ϞσϧʹΑͬͯɼαϯϓϧ ͔ΒॏΈϕΫτϧ ࣍ݩͷ ʹϚο ϐϯά͞ΕΔɽ w͔͜͜ΒείΞ ͷେ͖͍ํΛબͯ͠ɼઆ໌༻ͷಛͱ͢Δɽ w֤αϯϓϧʹରͯ͠ɼઆ໌ϞσϧΛ௨͚ͩ͢ͰɼಛΛબ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δͷ ͰɼطଘݚڀΑΓޮΑ͘આ໌Ͱ͖ɼ͔ͭϞσϧʹґଘ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͓͜ͳ͑Δɽ
X d wθ (X) pθ (X) ఏҊख๏ આ໌εςʔδ
wਓσʔλͱ࣮ࡍͷσʔλͷೋͭͰ࣮ݧΛߦ͏ɽ wਓσʔλͰɼ࣍ݩΨε͔Βੜͯ͠ɼ͔ͦ͜ΒछྨͷσʔληοτΛ࡞ɽ w ࣮ݧ σʔληοτ
wຊݚڀͷख๏ -9 ͱطଘख๏ %FFQ-*'5 4)"1 -*.&ʜ Λൺֱ͢Δɽ ࣮ݧ ࣮ݧ݁Ռ
wઆ໌࣌ͷ࣮ߦ࣌ؒͷ݁ՌΛҎԼʹࣔ͢ɽ ࣮ݧ ࣮ݧ݁Ռ
࣮ݧ݁Ռ ςΩετσʔλͰͷϋΠϥΠτ өըϨϏϡʔͷσʔληοτ
wөըϨϏϡʔͷจʹରͯ͠ɼΫϥυϫʔΧʹݸͷײʹ߆ΔΩʔϫʔυΛબ ͯ͠Β͏ɽ wෳͷจষΛෳͷϫʔΧʹධՁͯ͠Β͍ɼͦͷฏۉΛ)VNBOBDDVSBDZͱ͢ Δɽ ࣮ݧ݁Ռ ΫϥυϫʔΧʹධՁͯ͠Β͏
w૬ޓใྔΛجʹͯ͠ɼΠϯελϯε͝ͱͷಛબΛ͢ΔϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛఏ Ҋͨ͠ɽ w-9ʹΑΓɼ͡ΊͯϦΞϧλΠϜͰϒϥοΫϘοΫεͳϞσϧΛઆ໌͢Δ͜ͱ ͕Մೳʹͳͬͨɽ ݁