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container-seccomp
2022/03/09 OCHaCafe5 #3 Kubernetes のセキュリティ
コンテナセキュリティにおける権限制御
〜Seccompとかよくわからんけどとりあえずこれくらいはやっておこう〜
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https://ochacafe.connpass.com/event/238355/
mochizuki875
March 09, 2022
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28 slides
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ίϯςφͷִ 04 ,FSOFM ίϯςφͷ࣮ଶΧʔωϧ্Ͱ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔϓϩηεͰ͢ɻ ίϯςφʹ͋ͨΔϓϩηε͕Χʔωϧͷ༷࣋ͭʑͳػೳʹΑΓִ͞ΕΔ͜ͱͰɺίϯςφͱͯ͠ͷػೳ͕࣮ݱ͞Ε·͢ɻ 1SPDFTT SPPUGT 1SPDFTT SPPUGT 1SPDFTT
SPPUGT ࣮ߦۭؒʢFY/BNFTQBDFɺQJWPU@SPPUʣ ɹϓϩηε͕ಈ࡞͢ΔڥΛִ͔͋ͨ͠୯ମͰಈ͍͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͔͚ͤΔ Ϧιʔε༻ྔʢFY$HSPVQʣ ɹϓϩηε͕༻Ͱ͖ΔϦιʔεྔʢ$16 .FNPSZͳͲʣΛ੍ݶ͢Δ ݖݶʢޙड़ʣ ɹϓϩηεͷΧʔωϧʹର͢Δૢ࡞Λ੍ݶ͢Δ ίϯςφ -
ίϯςφʹ͓͚Δݖݶ੍ޚ ࣮ߦۭؒͷִϦιʔε༻ྔͷ੍ݶ͚ͩͰίϯςφϓϩηε04ʹର࣮ͯ͠ߦϢʔβʔ૬ͷݖݶΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ˞ྫ͑ίϯςφΛಛʹҙࣝͤͣʹ࣮ߦͨ͠߹ɺίϯςφϓϩηεσϑΥϧτͷ࣮ߦϢʔβʔͰ͋ΔSPPUݖݶΛ࣋ͭ͜ͱʹͳΔ ίϯςφϓϩηε͕աͳݖݶΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔͱɺྫ͑ίϯςφͷִڥ͔Β֎෦ʹӨڹΛٴ΅͢ͱ͍ͬͨ ηΩϡϦςΟϦεΫʹܨ͕Γ·͢ɻʢFY$POUBJOFS#SFBL0VUʣ 04 ,FSOFM 1SPDFTT SPPUGT 1SPDFTT
1SPDFTT SPPU VTFS SPPU 04ʹରͯ͠ ಛݖϢʔβʔ૬ͷ ͢ͷૢ࡞͕Մೳ 04ʹରͯ͠ ҰൠϢʔβʔ૬ͷ ૢ࡞͕Մೳ ʢຊѻΘͳ͍͚Ͳॏཁͳʣิ ࣮ࡍͷͱ͜ΖίϯςφͰաͳݖݶ͕ϓϩηεʹ༩͞ΕΔ͜ͱͷͳ͍Α͏ɺޙड़ͷ௨Γ༷ʑͳΈΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰݖݶ੍ޚΛߦ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ ͱݴ͑ίϯςφϓϩηε͕SPPUݖݶͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ͜ͱҰൠతʹϦεΫͱΈͳ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺίϯςφ࣮ߦ࣌໌֬ʹඇಛݖϢʔβʔΛࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ ϕετϓϥΫςΟεͱ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ 04ʹରͯ͠ ಛݖϢʔβʔ૬ͷ ͢ͷૢ࡞͕Մೳ ίϯςφʢݖݶ੍ޚͳ͠ʣ -
ίϯςφʹ͓͚Δݖݶ੍ޚ ͦ͜ͰίϯςφͰ-JOVYΧʔωϧͷ࣋ͭҎԼͷΑ͏ͳػೳΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɺίϯςφϓϩηε͔ΒΧʔωϧʹର͢Δૢ࡞Λ੍ݶ ͢ΔΈΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ 3FBE0OMZ.PVOU $BQBCJMJUZ -4. "QQ"SNPS4&-JOVY 4FDDPNQ ػೳ ֓ཁ
ಛఆͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜΛ3FBE0OMZͱ͠ ͯϚϯτ͢ΔΈɻ SPPUϢʔβʔͷ࣋ͭݖݶʢಛݖʣΛࡉ Խ͠ɺඞཁͳݖݶͷΈΛϓϩηεʹ༩ ͢ΔΈɻ ϓϩηε͔ΒͷϑΝΠϧΞΫηεΛ੍ݶ͢Δ Έɻ ڧ੍ΞΫηε੍ޚͱݺΕDIPXODINPE ʢҙΞΫηε੍ޚʣͷΑ͏ʹద༻͞Ε੍ͨ ݶΛมߋͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ ϓϩηε͔ΒΧʔωϧʹରͯ͠ൃߦͰ͖ ΔγεςϜίʔϧΛ੍ݶ͢ΔΈɻ LTʹ͓͚Δ ద༻ঢ়گ 1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹಛఆͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜ ΛσϑΥϧτͰ30ͱͯ͠Ϛϯτ͢Δɻ ʢQSPD TZTGT DHSPVQʣ ˞EFWͳͲϗετͱϑΝΠϧγεςϜΛ ͚ͯӅṭ͢Δέʔε͋Δ 1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹίϯςφϓϩηεʹର ͯ͠σϑΥϧτͰ࠷ݶඞཁͳݖݶͷΈ Λ༩͢Δ 1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹσϑΥϧτͰ੍ޚ͕ద༻͞ ΕΔɻ ˞$3*ίϯςφϗετͷઃఆ࣍ୈͰ͋Δ ͕ɺ௨ৗ$3*σϑΥϧτͷ༰͕ద༻͞ΕΔ 1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹҙͷઃఆΛ͢͜ͱ Ͱద༻Մೳɻ σϑΥϧτͰ੍ޚ͕ద༻͞Εͳ͍ɻ $PO fi HVSFB4FDVSJUZ$POUFYUGPSB1PEPS$POUBJOFS IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTUBTLTDPO fi HVSFQPEDPOUBJOFSTFDVSJUZDPOUFYU ˞ҼΈʹ%PDLFS1PENBOͰίϯςφΛσϓϩΠ͢Δ߹σϑΥϧτͰ4FDDPNQ͕ద༻͞Ε·͢ ɹIUUQTEPDTEPDLFSDPNFOHJOFTFDVSJUZTFDDPNQ ɹIUUQTEPDTQPENBOJPFOMBUFTUNBSLEPXOQPENBOSVOIUNM IJHIMJHIUTFDDPNQTFDDPNQQPMJDZQPMJDZ -
γεςϜίʔϧ ϓϩηε͕ಈ࡞͢Δ্ͰଞͷϓϩηεΛૢ࡞ͨ͠ΓϦιʔεʹΞΫηε͢Δࡍɺ γεςϜίʔϧͱݺΕΔ໋ྩΛΧʔωϧʹରͯ͠ൃߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰͦͷૢ࡞Λ࣮ݱ͠·͢ɻ γεςϜίʔϧͱ4FDDPNQ VCVOUVVTFS!VCVOUVTFSWFSdTUSBDFDBUUFTUUYU FYFDWF VTSCJODBU <DBU UFTUUYU> Y
ff FFF WBST CSL /6-- YFC BSDI@QSDUM Y "3$)@ Y ff FCBDG &*/7"- *OWBMJEBSHVNFOU BDDFTT FUDMETPQSFMPBE 3@0, &/0&/5 /PTVDI fi MFPSEJSFDUPSZ PQFOBU "5@'%$8% FUDMETPDBDIF 0@3%0/-:c0@$-0&9&$ GTUBU \TU@NPEF4@*'3&(c TU@TJ[F ^ NNBQ /6-- 1305@3&"% ."1@13*7"5& YGBFD ɾɾɾ SFBE IFMMPaO XSJUF IFMMPaO IFMMP SFBE NVONBQ YGB DMPTF DMPTF DMPTF FYJU@HSPVQ FYJUFEXJUI ʢྫʣDBUϓϩάϥϜͷ࣮ߦ͢ΔγεςϜίʔϧΛTUSBDFͰදࣔ γεςϜίʔϧͷྫ ɹFYFDWF ɿϓϩάϥϜͷ࣮ߦ ɹPQFOBU ɿϑΝΠϧͷΦʔϓϯ ɹDMPTF ɿϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλʔͷΫϩʔζ ɹNNBQ ɿϝϞϦͷ֬อ ɹNVONBQ ɿϝϞϦͷղ์ ɹSFBE ɿϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλʔ͔ΒͷಡΈࠐΈ ɹXSJUF ɿϑΝΠϧσΟεΫϦϓλʔͷॻ͖ࠐΈ 1SPDFTT 04 ,FSOFM 4:4$"-- 1SPDFTT 4:4$"-- -
4FDDPNQʢ4&$VS$0.1VUJOHʣ ϓϩηε͕࣮ߦՄೳͳγεςϜίʔϧΛ੍ݶ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺϓϩηεͷෆਖ਼ૢ࡞ҙਤͤ͵ڍಈʹର͢ΔηΩϡϦςΟ֬อΛ ࣮ݱ͢Δػೳɻ γεςϜίʔϧͱ4FDDPNQ 1SPDFTT 04 ,FSOFM TFDDPNQ 4:4$"-- 1SPDFTT
TFDDPNQ VCVOUVVTFS!VCVOUVTFSWFSdDBUTFDDPNQ "QQMZTFDDPNQUPEFOZPQFOBU FYFDDBUUFTUUYU PQFOBU EFOZFSS ʢྫʣϓϩάϥϜ͔ΒPQFOBU Λېࢭͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰDBUΛ࣮ߦ ɾɾɾ FYFDWF CJOTI <TI D DBUUFTUUYU> Y ff DCCECF WBST CSL /6-- YCBCC BSDI@QSDUM Y "3$)@ Y ff DDF &*/7"- *OWBMJEBSHVNFOU BDDFTT FUDMETPQSFMPBE 3@0, &/0&/5 /PTVDI fi MFPSEJSFDUPSZ PQFOBU "5@'%$8% FUDMETPDBDIF 0@3%0/-:c0@$-0&9&$ LJMMFECZ4*(4:4 DPSFEVNQFE DBUΛ࣮ߦ͍ͯ͠ΔՕॴͷTUSBDF݁Ռ 4:4$"-- ڐՄ͞ΕͨTZTDBMM ௨ৗ௨Γ࣮ߦ ېࢭ͞ΕͨTZTDBMM ࣮ߦ͠ͳ͍ TFDDPNQʹΑΓPQFOBU ͕ڋ൱͞Εͨ ୈճίϯςφٕज़ͷใަձ!ΦϯϥΠϯʙTFDDPNQʙ IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI W((@$0PLCEX -
DBUTFDDPNQD γεςϜίʔϧͱ4FDDPNQ JODMVEFTUEJPI JODMVEFVOJTUEI JODMVEFTZTUZQFTI JODMVEFTUEMJCI JODMVEFFSSOPI JODMVEFTUEEFGI JODMVEFMJOVYBVEJUI JODMVEFMJOVY
fi MUFSI JODMVEFMJOVYTFDDPNQI JODMVEFTZTQSDUMI JODMVEFTZTTZTDBMMI JGOEFGTFDDPNQ JOUTFDDPNQ VOTJHOFEJOUPQ VOTJHOFEJOU fl BHT WPJE BSHT \ FSSOP SFUVSOTZTDBMM @@/3@TFDDPNQ PQ fl BHT BSHT ^ FOEJG #1'ͰTFDDPNQϧʔϧΛఆٛʢTZTDBMMͷڐՄېࢭΛఆٛʣ TUSVDUTPDL@ fi MUFS fi MUFS<>\ #1'@45.5 #1'@-%c#1'@8c#1'@"#4 P ff TFUPG TUSVDUTFDDPNQ@EBUB BSDI #1'@+6.1 #1'@+.1c#1'@+&2c#1'@, "6%*5@"3$)@9@ #1'@45.5 #1'@-%c#1'@8c#1'@"#4 P ff TFUPG TUSVDUTFDDPNQ@EBUB OS #1'@+6.1 #1'@+.1c#1'@+&2c#1'@, @@/3@PQFOBU ϑΟϧλʔ͢ΔTZTDBMMʹPQFOBU Λࢦఆ #1'@45.5 #1'@3&5c#1'@, 4&$$0.1@3&5@,*-- #1'@45.5 #1'@3&5c#1'@, 4&$$0.1@3&5@"--08 ^ TUSVDUTPDL@GQSPHQSPH\ MFO VOTJHOFETIPSU TJ[FPG fi MUFS TJ[FPG fi MUFS<> fi MUFS fi MUFS ^ JOUNBJO WPJE \ JOUFSS JG QSDUM 13@4&5@/0@/&8@13*74 \ QFSSPS QSDUM FYJU &9*5@'"*-63& ^ TFDDPNQద༻ PQFOBU Λېࢭ͢ΔϑΟϧλʔΛઃఆ QSJOUG TaO "QQMZTFDDPNQUPEFOZPQFOBU JG TFDDPNQ 4&$$0.1@4&[email protected]%&@'*-5&3 QSPH \ QFSSPS TFDDPNQ ^ TFDDPNQద༻ޙʹDBUΛ࣮ߦ QSJOUG TaO FYFDDBUUFTUUYU JG FSSTZTUFN DBUUFTUUYU \ QSJOUG PQFOBU EFOZFSSEaO FSS SFUVSO ^ SFUVSO ^ ʢࢀߟʣPQFOBU Λېࢭͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰDBUΛ࣮ߦ͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQ ,VCFSOFUFTͰίϯςφϓϩηεʹରͯ͠ڐՄېࢭ͢ΔγεςϜίʔϧΛ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧͱͯ͠ఆٛͰ͖·͢ɻ ίϯςφʢ1PEʣΛσϓϩΠ͢Δࡍʹಛఆͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛࢦఆ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ίϯςφϓϩηεʹର͢ΔγεςϜίʔϧͷ੍ݶ͕ՄೳͰ͢ɻ 1PEʹ4FDDPNQΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱ,VCFSOFUFTެࣜͷϓϥΫςΟεͰਪ͞ΕΔࣄ߲ͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ 04 ,FSOFM 1SPDFTT 1SPDFTT 1SPDFTT
TFDDPNQ QSP fi MF" TFDDPNQ QSP fi MF# TFDDPNQ TFDDPNQ QSP fi MF"Ͱ ڐՄ͞ΕͨTZTDBMMͷΈ શͯͷTZTDBMM QSP fi MF#Ͱ ڐՄ͞ΕͨTZTDBMMͷΈ $BQBCJMJUZͳͲଞͷݖݶ੍ޚͰ੍ݶ͞Εͨͷআ͘ ɾ1PEʹର͢Δ4FDDPNQͷద༻,VCFSOFUFTWʹ͓͍ͯTUBCMFͱͳͬͨൺֱత৽͍͠ػೳ ɾ,VCFSOFUFTWݱࡏͰ1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹ໌ࣔ͠ͳ͍ݶΓద༻͞Εͳ͍ ɾ4FDDPNQͱผʹ$BQBCJMJUZͰίϯςφϓϩηεʹର͢Δݖݶ੍ޚ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔ 1PE4FDVSJUZ4UBOEFSE IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTDPODFQUTTFDVSJUZQPETFDVSJUZTUBOEBSET -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQ 4FDDPNQ͕ޮՌΛൃشͨ͠ྫʢ-JOVYΧʔωϧͷ੬ऑੑɿ$7&ʣ ݄ʹ-JOVYΧʔωϧʹ੬ऑੑ͕ൃݟ͞Εͨɻ '*MFTZTUFN$POUFYUγεςϜ GTGT@DPOUFYUD ͷؔΛѱ༻ͯ͠όοϑΝΦʔόʔϑϩʔΛҾ͖ى͜͢͜ͱͰɺ %P4߈ܸ$POUBJOFS#SFBLPVUʹܨ͛Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ ͜ͷ߈ܸʹɺ௨ৗ1PEىಈ࣌ʹίϯςφϓϩηε͔Βണୣ͞ΕΔ$"1@4:4@"%.*/ͱ͍͏ݖݶʢ$BQBCJMJUZʣ͕ඞཁʹͳΔ͕ɺ ίϯςφͰVOTIBSFͱݺΕΔγεςϜίʔϧΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰ͜ͷݖݶΛऔಘͰ͖ͯ͠·͏ɻ VOTIBSFΛېࢭ͢Δ4FDDPNQΛద༻͍ͯ͠Εɺ͜ͷϦεΫ͙͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͨͱݴ͑·͢ɻ
˞ຊ੬ऑੑطʹमਖ਼ࡁΈͰ͢ɻ 04 ,FSOFM 1SPDFTT 1SPDFTT $"1@4:4@"%.*/ VOTIBSFSCJOCBTI "55"$,ʂʂ 1SPDFTT TFDDPNQ QSP fi MF TFDDPNQ VOTIBSFSCJOCBTI -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQᶃ$3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ $3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ɹDPOUBJOFSEDSJP$3*ϥϯλΠϜͱͯ͠σϑΥϧτͷ4FDDPNQQSP fi MFΛ͍࣋ͬͯ·͢ɻ ɹ͜ΕΛ1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹద༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺίϯςφϓϩηε͔Β࣮ߦՄೳͳγεςϜίʔϧ੍͕ݶ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ɹಛผཁ͕݅ͳ͍ݶΓͪ͜ΒΛద༻͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰϥϯλΠϜͷఆٛ͢Δ࠷ݶͷηΩϡϦςΟ֬อͰ͖Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE NFUBEBUB
MBCFMT SVOTFDDPNQQPE OBNFTFDDPNQQPE TQFD TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU TFDDPNQ1SP fi MF UZQF3VOUJNF%FGBVMU DPOUBJOFST JNBHFVCVOUV OBNFVCVOUV DPNNBOE<CJOTI D XIJMFEPTMFFQEPOF> TFDDPNQQPEZNM <$3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧ> DPOUBJOFSE IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDPOUBJOFSEDPOUBJOFSECMPCBFGDDGBBBDEEDPOUSJCTFDDPNQ TFDDPNQ@EFGBVMUHP- DSJP IUUQTHJUIVCDPNDSJPDSJPCMPCGFEWFOEPSHJUIVCDPNDPOUBJOFSTDPNNPOQLHTFDDPNQEFGBVMU@MJOVYHP- $3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτͷ TFDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ $SFBUF1PEUIBUVTFTUIFDPOUBJOFSSVOUJNFEFGBVMUTFDDPNQQSP fi MF IUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTUVUPSJBMTTFDVSJUZTFDDPNQDSFBUFQPEUIBUVTFTUIFDPOUBJOFSSVOUJNFEFGBVMUTFDDPNQQSP fi MF -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQᶃ$3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ʢࢀߟʣ,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQͷσϑΥϧτద༻ ɹݱࡏ,&1ʹͯ1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹσϑΥϧτͰ$3*ϥϯλΠϜσϑΥϧτͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕ ɹݕ౼͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ɹ˞,VCFSOFUFTWʹ͓͍ͯຊػೳBMQIBػೳͱͯ͠ϦϦʔε͞Ε͓ͯΓɺLVCFMFUͷGFBUVSFHBUFΛ༗ޮʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰར༻Մೳ ɹ,&1&OBCMFTFDDPNQCZEFGBVMU ɹIUUQTHJUIVCDPNLVCFSOFUFTFOIBODFNFOUTUSFFBDDLFQTTJHOPEFTFDDPNQCZEFGBVMUVQHSBEFEPXOHSBEFTUSBUFHZ ɹ&OBCMFUIFVTFPG3VOUJNF%FGBVMUBTUIFEFGBVMUTFDDPNQQSP fi MFGPSBMMXPSLMPBET
ɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPEPDTUVUPSJBMTTFDVSJUZTFDDPNQFOBCMFUIFVTFPGSVOUJNFEFGBVMUBTUIFEFGBVMUTFDDPNQQSP fi MFGPSBMMXPSLMPBET ɹ&OBCMFTFDDPNQGPSBMMXPSLMPBETXJUIBOFXWBMQIBGFBUVSF ɹIUUQTLVCFSOFUFTJPCMPHTFDDPNQEFGBVMU -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQᶄಠࣗͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ಠࣗͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ɹ$3*σϑΥϧτΑΓηΩϡϦςΟΛߴΊ͍ͨɺಠࣗͷϫʔΫϩʔυʹରԠ͍ͤͨ͞ͱ͍͏߹ ɹڐՄېࢭ͢ΔγεςϜίʔϧΛهࡌͨ͠4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛίϯςφϗετʹஔ͠1PEσϓϩΠ࣌ʹద༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺ ɹίϯςφϓϩηεʹಠࣗͷ4FDDPNQ͕ద༻͞Εҙਤͨ͠γεςϜίʔϧͷ࣮ߦͷΈ͕ڐՄ͞ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ BQJ7FSTJPOW LJOE1PE NFUBEBUB MBCFMT SVOTFDDPNQQPE
OBNFTFDDPNQQPE TQFD TFDVSJUZ$POUFYU TFDDPNQ1SP fi MF UZQF-PDBMIPTU MPDBMIPTU1SP fi MFQSP fi MFTTBNQMFTFDDPNQKTPO DPOUBJOFST JNBHFVCVOUV OBNFVCVOUV DPNNBOE<CJOTI D XIJMFEPTMFFQEPOF> TFDDPNQQPEZNM \ EFGBVMU"DUJPO4$.1@"$5@&33/0 BSDIJUFDUVSFT< 4$.1@"3$)@9@ 4$.1@"3$)@9 4$.1@"3$)@9 > TZTDBMMT< \ OBNFT< NNBQ SFBE XSJUF DMPTF ɾɾɾ > BDUJPO4$.1@"$5@"--08 ^ > ^ TBNQMFTFDDPNQKTPO ಠࣗͷTFDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ڐՄ͢ΔTZTDBMMΛఆٛ ˞4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛ֤/PEFͷWBSMJCLVCFMFUTFDDPNQQSP fi MFTʹஔ͢Δ -
,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͚Δ4FDDPNQᶄಠࣗͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛద༻ ʢࢀߟʣTFDVSJUZQSP fi MFTPQFSBUPS ɹ,VCFSOFUFTʹ͓͍ͯಠࣗͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧΛѻ͏ͷҎԼͷ؍͔Β݁ߏେมͰ͢ɻ ɹɹɾඞཁͳγεςϜίʔϧͷચ͍ग़͠ ɹɹɾ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧͷ࡞ ɹɹɾ֤ίϯςφϗετͷ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧஔ ɹͦ͜Ͱ4FDDPNQϓϩϑΝΠϧͷࣗಈੜ$3ԽʹΑΓ,VCFSOFUFT্Ͱͷ4FDDPNQͷѻ͍ΛϥΫʹͯ͘͠ΕΔ ɹTFDVSJUZQSP
fi MFTPQFSBUPSͱ͍͏0QFSBUPS͕։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ ɹLVCFSOFUFTTJHTTFDVSJUZQSP fi MFTPQFSBUPS ɹIUUQTHJUIVCDPNLVCFSOFUFTTJHTTFDVSJUZQSP fi MFTPQFSBUPS ɹ4FDVSFZPVS,VCFSOFUFTEFQMPZNFOUTXJUIF#1' ɹIUUQTEFWFMPQFSTSFEIBUDPNBSUJDMFTTFDVSFZPVSLVCFSOFUFTEFQMPZNFOUTFCQG ɹTFDVSJUZQSP fi MFTPQFSBUPSΛ͞ΘͬͯΈͨ ɹIUUQTTQFBLFSEFDLDPNPLFQZUSZTFDVSJUZQSP fi MFTPQFSBUPS